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| 1 | 面向21世纪的卒中新定义:美国心脏病学会和美国卒中学会声明显示文摘尽管脑血管病有着全球性影响且对其病理生理学的认识有了很多进步,但是'卒中'这一术语在临床实践、临床研究或公共卫生评估中的定义却不一致。传统的定义依据于临床,却没有考虑到科学技术的进步。美国心脏协会(AHA)和美国卒中协会(ASA)卒中分会组织了写作小组,为21世纪卒中新定义撰写专家共识性声明。中枢神经系统(CNS)梗死,指由缺血所导致的脑、脊髓或视网膜的细胞死亡,是基于持续性损害的神经病理学、神经影像学和(或)临床证据。CNS梗死表现为一个临床谱:缺血性卒中特指伴有明显症状的CNS梗死,而静息性梗死根据定义指未引起已知的症状的梗死。卒中也还包括脑出血和蛛网膜下腔出血。新定义的卒中结合了临床和组织学标准,可被用于实践、研究和公共卫生评估。 | 俞羚 董荃 宋叶平 江静雯 李卉 刘亮贤 苏爱萍 李焰生 Sacco RL Kasner SE Broderick JP Caplan LR Connors JJ Culebras A Elkind MS George MG Hamdan AD Higashida RT Hoh BL Janis LS Kase CS Kleindorfer DO Lee JM Moseley ME Peterson ED Turan TN Valderrama AL Vinters HV | 2013 | 神经病学与神经康复学杂志2013，10，2： | 188 |
| 2 | 急性肾损伤诊断与分类专家共识显示文摘近几十来.临床和基础的研究工作者们针对急性肾功能衰竭(ARF)进行了广泛的研究,尽管我们在该疾病的生理和发病机制方面都取得了长足的进步,但如何将这些知识用于临床,改进ARF患者预后方面的工作却做得十分有限。ARF是由多种病因导致、可发生在各种临床情况之下(儿童或成人、门诊或住院、ICU或非ICU患者)的一种复杂的肾功能紊乱,其临床表现既可以是血肌酐水平的轻微升高,也可以是无尿性肾功能衰竭。 | RL Mehta JA Kellum S Shah B Molitoris C Ronco D Warnock A Levin 王欣 | 2006 | 中华肾脏病杂志2006，22，11： | 348 |
| 3 | 2020年全球癌症统计报告显示文摘本文根据国际癌症研究机构(IARC)发布的全球癌症2020年统计数据(GLOBOCAN 2020),对全世界185个国家/地区36种癌症的发病和死亡进行估算,提供了全球癌症负担的最新信息。据估计,2020年全球新发恶性肿瘤1930万例(不计非黑色素瘤皮肤癌为1810万例),全球恶性肿瘤死亡病例约为1000万例(不计非黑色素瘤皮肤癌为990万例)。女性乳腺癌已经超过肺癌,成为全球最常见的恶性肿瘤。 | 王悠清(编译) Sung H Ferlay J Siegel RL | 2021 | 中华预防医学杂志2021，55，3： | 112 |
| 4 | MicroRNA-328 is associated with (non-small) cell lung cancer (NSCLC) brain metastasis and mediates NSCLC migration显示文摘 | Arora S Ranade AR Tran NL Nasser S Sridhar S Korn RL Ross JT Dhruv H Foss KM Sibenaller Z Ryken T Gotway MB Kim S Weiss GJ | 2011 | 中国神经肿瘤杂志2011，9，1： | 30 |
| 5 | Update on Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies, anti-nuclear associated anti-neutrophil antibodies and antibodies to exocrine pancreas detected by indirect immunofluorescence as biomarkers in chronic inflammatory bowel diseases: Results of a multicent显示文摘AIM: Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA), anti-nuclear associated anti-neutrophil antibodies (NANA) and antibodies to exocrine pancreas (PAB), are serological tools for discriminating Crohn’s disease (CrD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Like CrD, coeliac disease (CoD) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) associated with (auto) antibodies. Performing a multicenter study we primarily aimed to determine the performance of ASCA, NANA and PAB tests for IBD diagnosis in children and adults, and secondarily to evaluate the prevalence of these markers in CoD. METHODS: Sera of 109 patients with CrD, 78 with UC, 45 with CoD and 50 healthy blood donors were retrospectively included. ASCA, NANA and PAB were detected by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF). RESULTS: ASCA+/NANA- profile displayed a positive predictive value of 94.2% for CrD. Detection of ASCA was correlated with a more severe clinical profile of CrD and treatment of the disease did not influence their serum levels. ASCA positivity was found in 37.9% of active CoD.PAB were found in 36.7% CrD and 13.3% CoD patients and were not correlated with clinical features of CrD, except with an early onset of the disease. Fifteen CrD patients were ASCA negative and PAB positive. CONCLUSION: ASCA and PAB detected by IIF are specific markers for CrD although their presence does not rule out a possible active CoD. The combination of ASCA, NANA and PAB tests improves the sensitivity of immunological markers for CrD. Repeating ASCA, NANA, and PAB testing during the course of CrD has no clinical value. | S Desplat-Jégo C Johanet A Escande J Goetz N Fabien N Olsson E Ballot J Sarles JJ Baudon JC Grimaud M Veyrac P Chamouard RL Humbel | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，16： | 24 |
| 6 | GAD-7量表精确诊断广泛性焦虑障碍显示文摘问题:广泛性焦虑障碍(GAD)-7量表的诊断精确性如何?
方法
设计:采用盲法比较GAD-7量表与DSM—Ⅳ中的GAD标准。 | Spitzer RL Kroenke K Williams IB JB 苏丹 | 2007 | 英国医学杂志中文版2007，10，2： | 15 |
| 7 | Antibiotic prophylaxis in variceal hemorrhage:Timing,effectiveness and Clostridium difficile rates显示文摘AIM:To investigate if antibiotics administered within 8 h of endoscopy reduce mortality or increase the incidence of Clostridium difficile infection(CDI).METHODS:A 2-year retrospective analysis of all patients who presented with first variceal hemorrhage was undertaken.The primary outcome measure was 28-d mortality.Secondary outcome measures were 28-d rebleeding rates and 28-d incidence of CDI.All patients were admitted to a tertiary liver unit with a consultantled,24-h endoscopy service.Patients received standard care including terlipressin therapy.Data collection included:primary and secondary outcome measures,timing of first administration of intravenous antibiotics,eti-ology of liver disease,demographics,endoscopy details and complications.A prospective study was undertaken to determine the incidence of CDI in the study population and general medical inpatients admitted for antibiotic therapy of at least 5 d duration.Statistical analysis was undertaken using univariate,non-parametric tests and multivariate logistic regression analysis.RESULTS:There were 70 first presentations of variceal hemorrhage during the study period.Seventy percent of cases were male and 65.7% were due to chronic alcoholic liver disease.In total,64/70(91.4%) patients received antibiotics as prophylaxis during their admission.Specifically,53/70(75.7%) received antibiotics either before endoscopy or within 8 h of endoscopy [peri-endoscopy(8 h) group],whereas 17/70(24.3%) received antibiotics at > 8 h after endoscopy or not at all(non peri-endoscopy group).Overall mortality and rebleeding rates were 13/70(18.6%) and 14/70(20%),respectively.The periendoscopy(8 h) group was significantly less likely to die compared with the non peri-endoscopy group [13.2% vs 35.3%,P = 0.04,odds ratio(OR) = 0.28(0.078-0.997)] and showed a trend towards reduced rebleeding [17.0% vs 29.4%,P = 0.27,OR = 0.49(0.14-1.74)].On univariate analysis,the non peri-endoscopy group [P = 0.02,OR = 3.58(1.00-12.81)],higher model for end-stage liver disease(MELD) score(P = 0.02),presence of hepatorenal syndrome [P < 0.01,OR = 11.25(2.24-56.42)] and suffering a clinical episode of sepsis [P = 0.03,OR = 4.03(1.11-14.58)] were significant predictors of death at 28 d.On multivariate logistic regression analysis,lower MELD score [P = 0.01,OR = 1.16(1.04-1.28)] and periendoscopy(8 h) group [P = 0.01,OR = 0.15(0.03-0.68)] were independent predictors of survival at 28 d.The CDI incidence(5.7%) was comparable to that in the general medical population(5%).CONCLUSION:Antibiotics administered up to 8 h following endoscopy were associated with improved survival at 28 d.CDI incidence was comparable to that in other patient groups. | Matthew RL Brown Graeme Jones Kathryn L Nash Mark Wright Indra Neil Guha | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，42： | 13 |
| 8 | 术后镇痛方法显示文摘肌注镇痛药已不再是唯一的术后镇痛方法,不少新方法均能提供良好镇痛,降低并发症发病率和死亡率,改善肺功能,病人可早期活动,缩短住院时间,镇痛药用量亦减少。近十年最常用的方法是留置导管,导管可放置于硬膜外腔、一侧臂丛或胸膜腔内,保留1~7天。术后早期也可在交感链和/或神经节处注射局麻药来止痛。随着技术的进展,生产的导管细而坚韧。 | Rauck RL 汪正平 | 1991 | 国外医学(麻醉学与复苏分册)1991，12，4： | 12 |
| 9 | Cloning and expression of core gene cDNA of Chinese hepatitis C virus in cosmid pTM3显示文摘AIM To clone core gene cDNA of Chinesehepatitis C virus(HCV)into eukaryoticexpression vector cosmid pTM3 and to expressHCV core antigen in HepG2 cells.METHODS Core gene cDNA of HCV wasintroduced into eukaryotic expression vectorcosmid pTM3.Using vaccinia virus/bacteriophage T7 hybrid expression system,HepG2 cells were transfected with therecombinant plasmid pTM3-Q534 by lipofectin.RESULTS From the transfected bacteriaTop10F’,2 pTM3-Q534 clones containing therecombinant plasmid were identified fromrandomly selected 10 ampicillin-resistantcolonies.By reverse transcription PCR andindirect immunofluorescence technique,HCVRNA and core protein was identified in HepG2cells transfected with the recombinant plasmid.CONCLUSION The construction of arecombinant plasmid and the expression of coregene cDNA of HCV in HepG2 was successful. | Jiang RL Lu QS Luo KX | 2000 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2000，6，2： | 12 |
| 10 | 伴有DUSP22重排且ALK阴性的间变性大细胞淋巴瘤的形态学特点(英)(英文)显示文摘系统性间变性大细胞淋巴瘤(ALCLs)分ALK阳性和ALK阴性两型。作者最近报道了ALK阴性的ALCLs具有遗传异质性,其中最大一组病例(约占30%)携有DUSP22位点的重排,与ALK阳性的ALCL类似,这些病例患者的预后良好,且优于其他ALK阴性的ALCLs。本作者进一步详细的研究了这些病例的形态学特点。首先,对之前诊断的108例经苏木精伊红染色的ALCLs切片进行盲审,并对是否存在3种组织学形态及5种细胞类型进行评分,然后揭盲并重新评估,以深入理解这些特征。 | King RL 魏建国 | 2016 | 诊断病理学杂志2016，23，10： | 8 |
| 11 | 四种心肌克隆钾通道的表达和电生理记录显示文摘为建立一种研究离子通道的有效模型 ,笔者应用分子生物学技术 ,将包含有Kv1.4、Kv1.5、Herg和KvLQT1等几种心肌克隆钾离子 (K+ )通道cDNA的质粒经扩增 ,提取 ,以及纯化后转录为mRNA。经微注射技术分别将它们注射入克隆离子通道表达系统———非洲爪蟾卵母细胞内 ,然后应用膜片钳技术记录上述克隆离子通道电流。结果 :获得了四种克隆通道的电流 时间关系曲线 (I/t)和电流 电压关系曲线 (I/V)。结论 :本实验结果证明所采用的技术稳定可靠 ,并为今后开展克隆离子通道结构和功能的关系以及抗心律失常药物与离子通道相互作用的研究提供了坚实的基础。 | 徐林 黄从新 蒋学俊 李晓艳 吴钢 唐哨勇 Duffey M Strauss HC Rasmusson RL 王世敏 | 2004 | 中国心脏起搏与心电生理杂志2004，18，2： | 6 |
| 12 | 用抗酸药、组胺 H_2受体阻滞药和甲氧普胺防止误吸显示文摘临床上明显误吸的确切发生率不易统计。最近Olsson 等的回顾性研究报道,误吸发生率为1:2,131。急诊手术、特别是夜间急症,误吸的可能较大。病人因某种病态引起胃排空延迟或反流,就容易误吸。老人和小儿误吸的机会多。现已阐明误吸的主要危险因素是吸入物的酸度。动物实验证明,酸度愈高,气管粘膜和肺实质的损害愈重。误吸量超过0.4ml/kg(成人20~25ml)往往致命,但这决不意味误吸量小就相对无碍,因为吸入物pH 低,即使少量也引起严重后果。 | McCammon RL 王大明 魏占军 | 1990 | 国外医学(麻醉学与复苏分册)1990，11，4： | 5 |
| 13 | CTGF, intestinal stellate cells and carcinoid fi brogenesis显示文摘AIM: To investigate the role of small intestinal carcinoid tumor-derived fibrotic mediators, TGFβ1 and CTGF, in the mediation of fi brosis via activation of an 'intestinal' stellate cell. METHODS: GI carcinoid tumors were collected for Q RT-PCR analysis of CTGF and TGFβ1. Markers of stellate cell desmoplasia were identified in peritoneal fibrosis by immunohistochemistry and stellate cells cultured from fresh resected fibrotic tissue. CTGF and TGFβ1 were evaluated using quantitative tissue array profi ling (AQUA analysis) in a GI carcinoid tissue microarray (TMA) with immunostaining and correlated with clinical and histologically documented fi brosis. Serum CTGF was analyzed using a sandwich ELISA assay. RESULTS: Message levels of both CTGF and TGFβ1 in SI carcinoid tumors were signifi cantly increased (> 2-fold, P < 0.05) versus normal mucosa and gastric (non-f ibrotic) carcinoids. Activated stellate cells and markers of stellate cell-mediated fi brosis (vimentin, desmin) were identifi ed in histological fibrosis. An intestinal stellate cell was immunocytochemically and biochemically characterized and its TGFβ1 (10-7M) initiated CTGF transcription response (> 3-fold, P < 0.05) demonstrated. In SI carcinoid tumor patients with documented fi brosis, TMA analysis demonstrated higher CTGF immunostaining (AQUA Score: 92 ± 8; P <0.05), as well as elevated TGFβ1 (90.6 ± 4.4, P < 0.05). Plasma CTGF (normal 12.5 ± 2.6 ng/mL) was increased in SI carcinoid tumor patients (31 ± 10 ng/mL, P < 0.05) compared to non-fi brotic GI carcinoids (< 15 ng/mL).CONCLUSION: SI carcinoid tumor fibrosis is a CTGF/ TGFβ1-mediated stellate cell-driven fibrotic response. The delineation of the biology of fibrosis will facilitate diagnosis and enable development of agents to obviate its local and systemic complications. | M Kidd IM Modlin MD Shapiro RL Camp SM Mane W Usinger JR Murren | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，39： | 5 |
| 14 | 马立克氏病的发展趋势显示文摘 | Witt.,RL 宋延华 | 1999 | 预防兽医学进展1999，1，2： | 4 |
| 15 | Critical analysis of molluscicide application in schistosomiasis control programs in Brazil显示文摘In Brazil,Biomphalaria glabrata,B.tenagophila,and B.straminea are naturally infected by the trematode Schistosoma mansoni,the causative agent of schistosomiasis.Despite decades of governmental efforts through official control programs,schistosomiasis remains an important public health problem in the country:thousands of people are infected with the trematode each year and millions live in endemic areas.The World Health Organization recommends using a combination of molluscicide(niclosamide)and mass chemotherapy to control the transmission of schistosomiasis,with this treatment successfully reducing the morbidity of the disease.In the past,niclosamide has been used in official schistosomiasis control programs in Brazil.However,as B.glabrata recolonizes even after molluscicide application,the use of molluscicides has gradually decreased in the country until they were discontinued in 2002,mainly due to the rising global pressure to preserve the environment and the difficulties of obtaining licenses from the Brazilian Ministry of Environment to use toxic substances in aquatic ecosystems.Therefore,the discovery of new molluscicides,which could be more selective to Biomphalaria species and less harmful to the aquatic ecosystem,is necessary.In addition,political efforts to sensitize funders to provide grants for this field of research are required.In this context,this article aims to make a critical analysis of molluscicide application in schistosomiasis control programs in Brazil. | PMZ Coelho RL Caldeira | 2016 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2016，5，1： | 4 |
| 16 | HLA-Ⅲ类成份及其构成的补体型与重症肌无力相关性的研究显示文摘对42个无血缘关系的重症肌无力(MG)患者家庭及36个健康献血员家庭成员的EDTA血浆用琼脂糖高压电泳及免疫固定的方法对属于HLA-Ⅲ的Bf,C4A及C4B的遗传多态性及其构成的补体型进行了检测。通过家系分析及对比发现,MG的Bf基因频率与正常人无差异;C4A~*4的基因频率病人远大于正常人,而C4A~*2则较常人为小。在补体型方便,MG患者与正常人亦不相同:患者以S42的频率最高,常人则以S31最高。MG患者的S42、S31及S40之间存在着正向连锁不平衡,S32和S41之间存在着负向连锁不平衡。进一步分析显示,S42与MG密切相关,这主要是由于C4A~*4与MG强烈相关,而Bf~*S和C4A~*2又与C4A~*4连锁不平衡的结果。 | 聂晓波 姜晓丹 吴锋 赵修竹 杨明山 RL Dawkins | 1991 | 中国免疫学杂志1991，7，3： | 4 |
| 17 | 利钠肽受体2的缺乏促进小鼠二叶主动脉瓣、主动脉瓣疾病、左心室功能不全以及升主动脉扩张显示文摘主动脉瓣疾病是无有效药物治疗的细胞介导的病变过程。C型利钠肽(C-type natriuretic peptide,CNP)抑制瓣膜间质细胞(valve interstitial cells,VIC)的肌纤维形成和成骨过程,并且在出现主动脉瓣狭窄时水平下调。然而,CNP信号是否调节体内主动脉瓣的健康状态尚不清楚。该研究旨在确定小鼠CNP信号通路的缺失是否导致主动脉瓣疾病加速发展。 | 刘青 叶鹏 Blaser MC Wei K Adams RL Zhou YQ Caruso LL Mirzaei Z Lam A Tam RK Zhang H Heximer SP Henkelman M Simmons CA | 2018 | 中华高血压杂志2018，26，1： | 3 |
| 18 | 可调节式人工砧骨的颞骨实验研究显示文摘目的 :对中耳听力重建手术来说 ,合适的人工听骨张力是至关重要的 ,而刚性人工听骨的张力与其长度直接相关。本文目的为探讨人工听骨的长度发生细微变化 (即听骨链的张力发生微小变化 )时 ,中耳的声音传输特点。方法 :7个成人颞骨冰冻标本被采用 ,将一可调节长度钛质人工砧骨植入到颞骨标本中 ,用多普勒激光测振系统 (HL V- 10 0 0型 ,Polytec,PI,Costa Mesa,CA)测量镫骨底板的位移 ,声刺激为 0 .1~ 10 k Hz间的 4 0 6个纯音 ,鼓膜表面的声刺激强度为80 d B SPL。首先测量听骨链完整时镫骨底板的位移 (即基线 ) ,然后摘除砧骨 ,将人工砧骨植入到镫骨头与槌骨柄尖端之间。调节砧骨的长度 ,使其处于最佳长度状态 (即最合适张力 )以及在此基础上分别增加 0 .2 mm和 0 .4 mm,再分别测量这三种状态时镫骨底板的位移。结果 :当人工砧骨处于最佳长度时 ,与听骨链完整时的基线相比 ,在 1.0 k Hz以下声音传输相差 0 .2 d B;1.0~ 3.0 k Hz之间 ,平均听力降低 1.7d B;3.0 k Hz以上 ,声音传输比基线好。当人工砧骨的长度增加0 .2 mm(一个刻度 )时 ,与基线相比 ,1.0 k Hz以下 ,平均降低 6 .0 d B,1.0 k Hz以上 ,平均降低 3.0 d B。当人工砧骨的长度再增加 0 .2 mm(共增加 2个刻度 ) ,与基线相比 ,1.0 k | 赵守琴 Goode RL | 2002 | 耳鼻咽喉(头颈外科)2002，9，3： | 3 |
| 19 | 细胞分裂抑制剂:未来抗生素研发的新理解显示文摘对过度滥用的老抗生素所衍生的新药物的临床应用,促使抗生素耐药问题日趋严重。不控制抗生素的使用而限制抗生素的耐药性的想法是不现实的。健康组织、制药公司和研究机构已开始意识到研发新靶标药物的紧迫性。有关细菌细胞分裂途径的丰富知识可以帮助人们寻找新型抑制剂,本文将讨论抑制细菌细胞分裂的治疗潜能,并回顾在这个抗生素发现新领域中的进展。 | 温晓雪 明琰 王林 Lock RL Harry EJ | 2009 | 国际药学研究杂志2009，36，1： | 3 |
| 20 | Comparison of long-term results of trabeculectomy to treat pseudoexfoliative glaucoma and primary open angle glaucoma显示文摘AIM: To compare the long term outcome of trabeculectomy in patients with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma(PEG) and primary open angle glaucoma(POAG) in terms of surgical success. METHODS: The success of the trabeculectomy was evaluated by three criteria. Criterion A: intraocular pressure(IOP) ≤21 mm Hg and decrease in IOP ≥20%; Criterion B: IOP ≤18 mm Hg and decrease in IOP ≥30%; Criterion C: IOP ≤15 mm Hg and decrease in IOP ≥50%. Patients that met these criteria without medical treatment were considered to be completely successful, while those that met these criteria with medical treatment were considered partially successful. Significance levels of differences between the POAG and PEG groups in the Kaplan-Meier survival curves were calculated with the log-rank test. RESULTS: Sixty-four eyes from 64 patients with PEG and 51 eyes from 51 patients with POAG were evaluated. No significant differences were detected between the PEG and POAG groups according to full or partial success relative to each of the three criteria(A: P=0.73, 0.32; B: P=0.73, 0.31; C:P=0.90, 0.27). CONCLUSION: There is no difference in the long-term success of trabeculectomy between PEG and POAG patients whose clinical characteristics are otherwise the same. | Vuslat Pelitli Gürlü Hande Gürlü Altan Ozal Omer Benian Levent Alimgil | 2018 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2018，11，1： | 3 |
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