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| 1 | Occurrence and formation of disinfection by-products in the swimming pool environment: A critical review显示文摘Disinfection of water for human use is essential to protect against microbial disease;however, disinfection also leads to formation of disinfection by-products(DBPs), some of which are of health concern. From a chemical perspective, swimming pools are a complex matrix, with continual addition of a wide range of natural and anthropogenic chemicals via filling waters, disinfectant addition, pharmaceuticals and personal care products and human body excretions. Natural organic matter, trace amounts of DBPs and chlorine or chloramines may be introduced by the filling water, which is commonly disinfected distributed drinking water. Chlorine and/or bromine is continually introduced via the addition of chemical disinfectants to the pool. Human body excretions(sweat, urine and saliva) and pharmaceuticals and personal care products(sunscreens, cosmetics, hair products and lotions) are introduced by swimmers. High addition of disinfectant leads to a high formation of DBPs from reaction of some of the chemicals with the disinfectant.Swimming pool air is also of concern as volatile DBPs partition into the air above the pool.The presence of bromine leads to the formation of a wide range of bromo-and bromo/chloro-DBPs, and Br-DBPs are more toxic than their chlorinated analogues. This is particularly important for seawater-filled pools or pools using a bromine-based disinfectant.This review summarises chemical contaminants and DBPs in swimming pool waters, as well as in the air above pools. Factors that have been found to affect DBP formation in pools are discussed. The impact of the swimming pool environment on human health is reviewed. | Rhys A.A.Carter Cynthia A.Joll | 2017 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2017，29，8： | 11 |
| 2 | One fifth of hospitalizations for peptic ulcer-related bleeding are potentially preventable显示文摘AIM:To calculate the proportion of potentially preventable hospitalizations due to peptic ulcer disease(PUD),erosive gastritis(EG)or duodenitis(ED).METHODS:Retrospective cohort study using ICD-10codes to identify all patients with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage secondary to endoscopically proven PUD,EG or ED during the period from March 2007 to October 2010 in three major metropolitan hospitals in Melbourne,Australia.Patients were divided into'high risk'(those who would benefit from gastroprotection)and'not high risk'groups as defined by established guidelines.Mean Rockall score,transfusion requirement,length of stay,rebleeding rates,need for surgery and in-hospital mortality was compared between'high risk'and'not high risk'groups.Within the'high risk'group,those on gastroprotection and those with no gastroprotection were also compared.RESULTS:Five hundred and seven patients were included for analysis of which 174 were classified as high risk.Median values of complete Rockall Score(5vs 4,P=0.002)and length of stay(5 d vs 4 d,P=0.04)were higher in the high risk group but in-hospital mortality was lower(0.6%vs 3.9%,P=0.03).130out of the 174 patients in the high risk group were not taking recommended gastroprotective therapy prior to hospitalization.Past history of PUD(OR=3.7,P=0.006)and clopidogrel use(OR=3.2,P=0.007)significantly predicted prescription of gastroprotective therapy.Using proton pump inhibitor protection rates of 50%-85%from published studies,an estimation of13%to 22%of the total number of the hospitalizations due to PUD or EG/ED related bleeding may have been preventable.CONCLUSION:Up to one fifth of all hospitalizations for bleeding secondary to PUD or EG/ED are potentially preventable. | Ray Boyapati Sim Ye Ong Bei Ye Anuk Kruavit Nora Lee Rhys Vaughan Sanjay Nurkar Peter Gibson Mayur Garg | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，30： | 8 |
| 3 | Epidemiological studies of migration and environmental risk factors in the inflammatory bowel diseases显示文摘Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD)are idiopathic chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract well known to be associated with both genetic and environmental risk factors.Permissive genotypes may manifest into clinical phenotypes under certain environmental influences and these may be best studied from migratory studies.Exploring differences between first and second generation migrants may further highlight the contribution of environmental factors towards the development of IBD.There are few opportunities that have been offered so far.We aim to review the available migration studies on IBD,evaluate the known environmental factors associated with IBD,and explore modern migration patterns to identify new opportunities and candidate migrant groups in IBD migration research. | Yanna Ko Rhys Butcher Rupert W Leong | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，5： | 5 |
| 4 | Low-radiation and high image quality coronary computed tomography angiography in “real-world” unselected patients显示文摘AIM To determine the radiation dose and image quality in coronary computed tomography angiography(CCTA)using state-of-the-art dose reduction methods in unselected'real world'patients.METHODS In this single-centre study,consecutive patients in sinus rhythm underwent CCTA for suspected coronary artery disease(CAD)using a 320-row detector CT scanner.All patients underwent the standard CT acquisition protocol at our institute(Morriston Hospital)a combination of dose saving advances including prospective electrocardiogram-gating,automated tube current modulation,tube voltage reduction,heart rate reduction,and the most recent novel adaptive iterative dose reconstruction 3D(AIDR3D)algorithm.The cohort comprised real-world patients for routine CCTA who were not selected on age,body mass index,or heart rate.Subjective image quality was graded on a 4-point scale(4=excellent,1=non-diagnostic).RESULTS A total of 543 patients were included in the study with a mean body weight of 81±18 kg and a pre-scan mean heart rate of 70±11 beats per minute(bpm).When indicated,patients received rate-limiting medication with an oral beta-blocker followed by additional intravenous beta-blocker to achieve a heart rate below 65 bpm.The median effective radiation dose was 0.88 mSv(IQR,0.6-1.4 mSv)derived from a Dose Length Product of61.45 mGy.cm(IQR,42.86-100.00 mGy.cm).This also includes what we believe to be the lowest ever-reported radiation dose for a routine clinical CCTA(0.18 mSv).The mean image quality(SD)was 3.65±0.61,with a subjective image quality score of 3('good')or above for 93%of patient CCTAs.CONCLUSION Combining a low-dose scan protocol and AIDR3D with a 320-detector row CT scanner can provide high quality images at exceptionally low radiation dose in unselected patients being investigated for CAD. | Caryl Elizabeth Richards Stephen Dorman Patricia John Anthony Davies Sharon Evans Tishi Ninan David Martin Sriranj Kannoly Gail Roberts-Davies Mark Ramsey Daniel Rhys Obaid | 2018 | World Journal of Radiology2018，10，10： | 3 |
| 5 | Finite element analysis of the middle ear transfer functions and related pathologies显示文摘 | Fei Zhao Takuji Koike Jie Wang Hans Sienz Rhys Meredith | 2009 | Medical Engineering and Physics2009，，8： | 3 |
| 6 | A Roadmap for Whitefly Genomics Research:Lessons from Previous Insect Genome Projects显示文摘Due to evolving molecular and informatics technologies,modern genome sequencing projects have more different characteristics than what most biologists have become accustomed to during the capillary-based sequencing era.In this paper,we explore the characteristics that made past insect genome projects successful and place them in the context of next-generation sequencing.By taking into account the intricacies of whitefly biology and the community,we present a roadmap for whitefly-omics,which focuses on the formation of an international consortium,deployment of informatic platforms and realistic generation of reference sequence data. | Owain Rhys Edwards Alexie Papanicolaou | 2012 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2012，11，2： | 2 |
| 7 | Neurological heterotopic ossification:novel mechanisms,prognostic biomarkers and prophylactic therapies显示文摘Neurological heterotopic ossification(NHO)is a debilitating condition where bone forms in soft tissue,such as muscle surrounding the hip and knee,following an injury to the brain or spinal cord.This abnormal formation of bone can result in nerve impingement,pain,contractures and impaired movement.Patients are often diagnosed with NHO after the bone tissue has completely mineralised,leaving invasive surgical resection the only remaining treatment option.Surgical resection of NHO creates potential for added complications,particularly in patients with concomitant injury to the central nervous system(CNS).Although recent work has begun to shed light on the physiological mechanisms involved in NHO,there remains a significant knowledge gap related to the prognostic biomarkers and prophylactic treatments which are necessary to prevent NHO and optimise patient outcomes.This article reviews the current understanding pertaining to NHO epidemiology,pathobiology,biomarkers and treatment options.In particular,we focus on how concomitant CNS injury may drive ectopic bone formation and discuss considerations for treating polytrauma patients with NHO.We conclude that understanding of the pathogenesis of NHO is rapidly advancing,and as such,there is the strong potential for future research to unearth methods capable of identifying patients likely to develop NHO,and targeted treatments to prevent its manifestation. | Ker Rui Wong Richelle Mychasiuk Terence J.O’Brien Sandy R.Shultz Stuart J.McDonald Rhys D.Brady | 2020 | Bone Research2020，8，4： | 2 |
| 8 | Unpacking the challenge of gastric varices: A review on indication, timing and modality of therapy显示文摘Upper gastrointestinal bleeding from oesophageal or gastric varices is an important medical condition in patients with portal hypertension.Despite the emergence of a number of novel endoscopic and radiologic therapies for oesophagogastric varices,controversy exists regarding the indication,timing and modality of therapy.The aim of this review is to provide a concise and practical evidence-based overview of these issues. | Karl Vaz Marios Efthymiou Rhys Vaughan Adam G Testro Hin-Boon Lew Leonardo Zorron Cheng Tao Pu Sujievvan Chandran | 2021 | World Journal of Hepatology2021，13，8： | 2 |
| 9 | NSAID celecoxib: a potent mitochondrial pro-oxidant cytotoxic agent sensitizing metastatic cancers and cancer stem cells to chemotherapy显示文摘Intermittent hypoxia within tumor microenvironments causes pro-oxidative stress impairing oxidative phos-phorylation(OxPhos)and increases mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species(ROS).In primary tu-mors this provokes metabolic reprogramming of both tumor cells and cancer stem cells and emergence of highly metastatic cancer cells.Tumor reprogramming is initiated by activating nuclear respiratory factors and hypoxia-inducible factors in response to changes in oxygen and ROS levels.Hence,hypoxia-induced pro-oxidative stress drives invasion and metastasis.However,it is also the Achilles’heel of metastatic cancer cells because pro-oxi-dative agents further overload the mitochondria and intracellular milieu with excessive ROS to trigger apoptosis,whereas antioxidant agents promote their survival and tumor progression.Herein lies the metastatic tumor cell sensitivity to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs)and we and others have shown that the NSAID celecoxib exerts powerful pro-oxidative anticancer effects by directly targeting mitochondria to increase ROS production and trigger cancer cell death,including metastatic cancer cells and cancer stem cells.This review highlights the considerable benefits from appropriate NSAID use in humans against post-diagnosis metastatic tumors and the need to further develop their use as adjuvant therapy for advanced stage metastatic disease where they are already showing significantly improved clinical outcomes. | Stephen John Ralph Sam Nozuhur Rafael Moreno-Sanchez Sara Rodriguez-Enriquez Rhys Pritchard | 2018 | Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment2018，4，1： | 2 |
| 10 | Electricity Consumption, Electricity and Industrial Structure显示文摘 | Hankinson G A Rhys J M N | 1983 | Energy Economics1983，5，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Electricity consumption ,electricity and industrial structure 显示文摘 | Hankinson G A Rhys J M N | 1953 | Energy Economics1953，5，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Impact of age on the outcomes of women following percutaneous coronary intervention in the bare-metal stent era显示文摘 | RATHORE S RHYS J BUCHALTER MB | 2006 | J Interv Cardiol2006，19，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Epidermal growth factor-like ligands differentially up-regulate matrix metalloproteinase 9 in head and neck squamous carcinoma cells 显示文摘 | Charoenrat P Modjtahedi H Rhys P | 2000 | Cancer Res2000，60，4： | 1 |
| 14 | The timing of real option exercise: Some recent developments显示文摘 | Rhys H Song J Jindrichovska I | 2002 | The Engi- neering Economist2002，47，4： | 1 |
| 15 | Right-sided adenoma detection with retroflexion versus forward-view colonoscopy显示文摘 | Sujievvan Chandran Frank Parker Rhys Vaughan Brent Mitchell Scott Fanning Gregor Brown Jenny Yu Marios Efthymiou | 2014 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2014，，： | 1 |
| 16 | Risk stratification of upper GI bleeding with an esophageal capsule显示文摘 | Sujievvan Chandran Adam Testro Paul Urquhart Richard La Nauze Sim Ong Edward Shelton Hamish Philpott Siddarth Sood Rhys Vaughan William Kemp Gregor Brown Paul Froomes | 2013 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2013，，6： | 1 |
| 17 | Regional Variations in Public Service Outcomes : the Impact of Policy Divergence in Eng- land, Scotland and Wales 显示文摘 | Andrews Rhys Martin Steve | 2010 | Regional Studies2010，，44： | 1 |
| 18 | Epidermal growth factor like ligands differentially up-regulate matrix metalloproteinase-9 in head and neck squamous carcinoma ceils 显示文摘 | Charoenrat P Modjtahedi H Rhys P | 2000 | Cancer Res2000，60，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Epidermal growth factor - like ligands differentially up - regulate matrx metalloproteinase 9 in head and neck squamous carcinoma cells 显示文摘 | Charoenrat P Modjtahedi H Rhys P | 1993 | Cancer Res1993，53，1： | 1 |
| 20 | The neurodevelopmental spectrum seen with CHD2 variants显示文摘There are many self evident truths when it comes to genetic testing in epilepsies:classifying epilepsy and idenifying the co-morbidities helps you pick the right panel;sending the test increases your chance of making that diagnosis;increased panel testing broadens the phenotype.The series of children with chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 2(CHD2)variants reported by Feng et al.1 are notable for a number of important reasons,including confirmation of another CHD2 family. | Alice G Willison Rhys H Thomas | 2022 | Pediatric Investigation2022，6，2： | 1 |
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