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| 1 | GRADE指南:Ⅰ.导论--GRADE证据概要表和结果总结表显示文摘本文是GRADE(Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluation)系列文章的导论。该系列文章为使用GRADE系统提供指导,介绍如何将该系统用于系统评价、卫生技术评估(HTAs)及临床实践指南中备选方案的证据质量评价和推荐强度评级。GRADE方法始于提出一个明晰的问题,包括对所有重要结果的详细说明。证据被收集和汇总后,GRADE提供了明确的标准来评价其质量,包括研究设计、偏倚风险、不精确性、不一致性、间接性及效应量大小。根据支撑证据质量及备选方案带来的预期和非预期结果间的平衡情况,推荐强度以强/弱(或表述为'有条件的'/'任意的')作为特征。GRADE建议用简洁、透明、信息量丰富的结果总结表来汇总证据(以显示证据质量及每一重要结果的相对效应量和绝对效应量),和(或)以证据概要表形式额外提供证据质量评价理由的详细信息。本系列的后续文章涉及如何采用GRADE方法明确构建问题、评价证据质量及形成推荐意见。 | Gordon Guyatt Andrew D.Oxman Elie Akl Regina Kunz Gunn Vist Jan Brozek Susan Norris Yngve Falck-Ytter Paul Glasziou Hans deBeer Roman Jaeschke David Rind Joerg Meerpohl Philipp Dahm Holger J.Schünemann GRADE工作组 李幼平 杨晓妍 蒋兰慧 沈建通 | 2011 | 中国循证医学杂志2011，11，4： | 205 |
| 2 | 基于表型性状的中国大蒜资源遗传多样性分析显示文摘对资源圃保存的212份大蒜种质资源的表型性状进行了系统鉴定,分析表明我国大蒜种质资源的表型变异丰富。主成分分析表明,29个性状可以归并为反映植株生长发育、产品特征和产量构成的8个主成分;进一步的聚类分析将所有资源分为特点明显的2类5亚类。为了避免质量性状在种质评价中的主导作用,与产量相关的鳞茎数量性状的主成分分析显示,前3个主成分累积贡献率达74.83%,第一主成分中鳞茎重、鳞茎直径、鳞茎高和鳞芽数是影响产量的主要因子。主坐标排序将所有资源分为6类。通过综合评价,将大蒜鳞茎产量分为6个级别,筛选出单产大于15 t/hm2的资源3份。 | 王海平 李锡香 沈镝 邱杨 宋江萍 张晓辉 Philipp W.Simon | 2014 | 植物遗传资源学报2014，15，1： | 74 |
| 3 | 基于器官生物量构建植株形态的玉米虚拟模型显示文摘探讨了基于玉米器官生物量模拟其形态的方法 ,并应用 2 0 0 0年田间试验数据提取了玉米节间、叶鞘和叶片的形态构建参数。基于玉米虚拟模型生物量分配模块模拟的器官生物量积累和建立的形态构建方法与提取的参数 ,模拟了 2 0 0 1年玉米不同生长阶段的器官形态 ,模拟结果与田间试验数据吻合较好。应用本模型实现了玉米生长过程中植株各个器官形态变化以及植株高度、叶面积动态的模拟 ,并实现了植株形态的可视化。 | 宋有洪 郭焱 李保国 Philippe de Reffye | 2003 | 生态学报2003，23，12： | 57 |
| 4 | 估测作物冠层生物量的新植被指数的研究显示文摘冠层鲜生物量是指示作物长势状况的重要指标, 可用于诊断作物氮素营养状况。但常规测定生物量的方法需要破坏性取样,不利于帮助精准施肥管理决策。遥感技术作为快速分析手段可用于估测作物多种生理、生化参数,特别是借助植被指数。研究表明归一化差值植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI)、最优土壤调节指数(optimization of soil-adjusted vegetation index, OSAVI)等现已构建植被指数可用于准确估测中低生物量信息,但在较高冠层生物量条件下,它们的估测能力显著下降。文章旨在提出更通用的新植被指数用于估测冠层生物量,以提高遥感技术在较高生物量条件下的预测准确度。试验在加拿大魁北克省的St-Jean-sur-Richelieu地区进行,5年(2004~2008)试验中采集了玉米及小麦不同生育期的地面高光谱数据及对应生物量信息,并在2005年获取航空机载高光谱影像一景(compact airborne spectrographic imager, CASI)。研究提出了红边三角植被指数(red-edge triangular vegetation index, RTVI),并将其与一些常见植被指数进行比较分析。结果表明RTVI是最好的估测冠层生物量的指数,在较高生物量条件下仍保持其对生物量变化的高敏感性,其与生物量间的决定系数为0.96。基于CASI影像,RTVI预测生物量值与实际测定值间的决定系数(R2)为0.58,预测标准误差为0.44 kg·m-2,取得了较好的结果。 | 陈鹏飞 Nicolas Tremblay 王纪华 Philippe Vigneault 黄文江 李保国 | 2010 | 光谱学与光谱分析2010，30，2： | 41 |
| 5 | 基于植株拓扑结构的生物量分配的玉米虚拟模型显示文摘依据植物结构 -功能相互作用机理 ,建立了能模拟玉米生长发育与形态结构建成的虚拟模型。该模型的重要部分为基于植株拓扑结构的生物量分配模块。叙述了该模块的构建原理 ,以 2 0 0 0年田间试验数据提取了玉米的发育、生物量生产和生物量分配参数。模型模拟了 2 0 0 1年的玉米生长发育与生物量分配过程 ,模拟结果与田间试验结果比较吻合。应用该模型模拟了 2 0 0 | 宋有洪 郭焱 李保国 Philippe de Reffye | 2003 | 生态学报2003，23，11： | 50 |
| 6 | TLC及HPLC测定红曲产品中的桔霉素显示文摘阐述了定性及定量测定红曲产品中桔霉素含量的几种方法 .采用板层析 (TLC) ,在点样量为 1mL、点样长度 5cm条件下通过目视法 ,标准桔霉素溶液的最低检测质量浓度可达 0 .2mg/L ,板层析可作为定性检验红曲产品中桔霉素的简便方法 .根据红曲样品预处理方法及HPLC检测器的不同 ,确定了两套准确可靠的定量检测方法 .高效液相色谱结合荧光检测的最低检测限为 0 .60ng .HPLC上样液最低可检测的质量浓度为 0 .1mg/L .在 0 .1~ 1 0mg/L的质量浓度范围内 ,标准桔霉素溶液的质量浓度与峰面积的线性关系良好 ,达到R2 =0 .998. | 陈蕴 许赣荣 顾玉梅 Philippe BLANC | 2001 | 无锡轻工大学学报(食品与生物技术)2001，20，2： | 38 |
| 7 | Liver-specific gene expression in mesenchymal stem cells is induced by liver cells显示文摘AIM: The origin of putative liver cells from distinct bone marrow stem cells, e.g. hematopoietic stem cells or multipotent adult progenitor cells was found in recent in vitro studies. Cell culture experiments revealed a key role of growth factors for the induction of liver-specific genes in stem cell cultures. We investigated the potential of rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from bone marrow to differentiate into hepatocytic cells in vitro. Furthermore,we assessed the influence of cocultured liver cells on induction of liver-specific gene expression.METHODS: Mesenchymal stem cells were marked with green fluorescent protein (GFP) by retroviral gene transduction. Clonal marked MSC were either cultured under liver stimulating conditions using fibronectin-coated culture dishes and medium supplemented with SCF, HGF,EGF, and FGF-4 alone, or in presence of freshly isolated rat liver cells. Cells in cocultures were harvested and GFP+ or GFP- cells were separated using fluorescence activated cell sorting. RT-PCR analysis for the stem cell marker Thy1 and the hepatocytic markers CK-18, albumin, CK-19,and AFP was performed in the different cell populations.RESULTS: Under the specified culture conditions, rat MSC cocultured with liver cells expressed albumin-, CK-18,CK-19, and AFP-RNA over 3 weeks, whereas MSC cultured alone did not show liver specific gene expression.CONCLUSION: The results indicate that (1) rat MSC from bone marrow can differentiate towards hepatocytic lineage in vitro, and (2) that the microenvironment plays a decisive role for the induction of hepatic differentiation of rMSC. | Claudia Lange Philipp Bassler Michael V. Lioznov Helge Bruns Dietrich Kluth Axel R. Zander Henning C. Fiegel | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，29： | 31 |
| 8 | GRADE指南:Ⅶ.证据质量评价--不一致性显示文摘本文针对二分类变量结局指标相对(而非绝对)治疗效果的不一致性。证据本身不会因不同研究结果具有一致性而升级,但可能因不一致而降低质量级别。衡量一致性的标准包括点估计值的相似性、可信区间的重叠程度以及统计学判定标准包括异质性检验和I2。系统评价作者应提出并检验少数几个与患者、干预措施、结局指标以及方法学相关的先验假设以探寻异质性来源。当不一致性很大且无法解释时,因不一致性而降低质量级别是恰当的,特别当某些研究显示有显著益处而其他显示无益甚至有害时(而非仅是疗效大与疗效小的比较)。明显的亚组效应可能不可靠。如果亚组效应满足以下条件,其可信度将会增加:基于少数几个有具体方向的先验假设、亚组比较来自研究内而非研究间、交互检验的P值小、结果有生物学意义。 | Gordon H.Guyatt Andrew D.Oxman Regina Kunz James Woodcock Jan Brozek Mark Helfand Pablo Alonso-Coello Paul Glasziou Roman Jaeschke Elie A.Akl Susan Norris Gunn Vist Philipp Dahm Vijay K.Shukla Julian Higgins Yngve Falck-Ytter Holger J.Schünemann 代表GRADE小组 李幼平 杨晓妍 王莉 蔡羽嘉 陈群飞 | 2011 | 中国循证医学杂志2011，11，12： | 33 |
| 9 | Vascular invasion in pancreatic cancer:Imaging modalities,preoperative diagnosis and surgical management显示文摘Pancreatic cancer is associated with a poor prognosis,and surgical resection remains the only chance for curative therapy.In the absence of metastatic disease,which would preclude resection,assessment of vascular invasion is an important parameter for determining resectability of pancreatic cancer.A frequent error is to misdiagnose an involved major vessel.Obviously,surgical exploration with pathological examination remains the'gold standard'in terms of evaluation of resectability,especially from the point of view of vascular involvement.However,current imaging modalities have improved and allow detection of vascular invasion with more accuracy.A venous resection in pancreatic cancer is a feasible technique and relatively reliable.Nevertheless,a survival benefit is not achieved by curative resection in patients with pancreatic cancer and vascular invasion.Although the discovery of an arterial invasion during the operation might require an aggressive management,discovery before the operation should be considered as a contraindication.Detection of vascular invasion remains one of the most important challenges in pancreatic surgery.The aim of this article is to provide a complete review of the different imaging modalities in the detection of vascular invasion in pancreatic cancer. | Nicolas C Buchs Michael Chilcott Pierre-Alexandre Poletti Leo H Buhler Philippe Morel | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，7： | 29 |
| 10 | Interstitial cells of Cajal in the gut-A gastroenterologist’s point of view显示文摘Alterations of normal function of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are reported in many intestinal disorders. Diagnosis of their involvement is rare (infrequent), but necessary to propose a specifi c treatment. This article reviews the place of ICC in the pathogenesis of achalasia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction and slow transit constipation. Moreover we discuss the role of the Cajal cells in the development of stromal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. | Lucian M Negreanu Philippe Assor Bogdan Mateescu Catalin Cirstoiu | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，41： | 27 |
| 11 | 【特刊综述】肥胖男性低睾酮的发生机制、发病率及其处理显示文摘随着亚洲现代化和城市化的日益进展,肥胖流行病的未来焦点多在亚洲地区。肥胖男性常会出现低睾酮水平,但他们并不一定有可识别的下丘脑.垂体.睾丸轴(HPT)病理变化。中度肥胖主要降低总睾酮水平,这是由胰岛素抵抗相关的性激素结合球蛋白减少所致。比较严重的肥胖与游离睾酮水平降低有关,这是由下丘脑-垂体-睾丸轴的抑制所致。低睾酮本身可导致肥胖的高风险增加,产生一个恶性循环的代谢综合征。肥胖相关的低睾酮血症是一个功能状态,而非恒定状态。这种状态是可以被逆转的,但这需要持续的减肥。虽然睾酮治疗可以引起中度的脂肪减少,但肥胖本身,在没有雄激素缺乏症状的情况下,不是既定的睾酮治疗的适应症。睾酮治疗可能会导致未经治疗的睡眠呼吸暂停恶化,损害生育能力等。睾酮治疗是否增加饮食或者运动诱导的体重降低需要在充分设计的随机对照临床试验中评估。 | Mark Ng Tang Fui | 2014 | Asian Journal of Andrology2014，16，2： | 28 |
| 12 | 中国北方地区春季气溶胶光学特性地基遥感研究显示文摘基于中国北方地区地基太阳直接/散射辐射计观测,分析了2001年春季气溶胶光学厚度、尺度和吸收特性。沙尘期间,气溶胶光学厚度显著升高,而尺度上升,粗粒子浓度显著增加,大气气溶胶表现出中性或异常消光特征。除沙尘活动之外,中国华北地区人为排放也是导致气溶胶光学厚度偏高的一个重要原因。中国沙尘源区气溶胶单次散射反照率小于以往观测和模式结果。北京和香河两地气溶胶光学厚度、Angstrom指数和尺度谱基本相似,说明华北地区人为排放与沙尘活动类似,也表现出区域尺度的特点。由于沙尘气溶胶与人为排放气溶胶相比,折射指数实部偏大、虚部偏小,从而北京地区沙尘期间单次散射反照率明显大于非沙尘期间,特别是在近红外波段,说明沙尘活动不仅可以通过增加气溶胶光学厚度,同时也通过改变气溶胶物理、辐射特性来影响下游地区的气溶胶辐射强迫。 | 夏祥鳌 王普才 陈洪滨 Philippe Gouloub 章文星 | 2005 | 遥感学报2005，9，4： | 25 |
| 13 | 玉米生长虚拟模型GREENLAB-Maize的评估显示文摘GREENLAB-Maize虚拟模型采用并行模拟植株功能与结构的机制来模拟玉米植株在不同环境条件(目前只考虑气象条件)下的生长。该模型逐时段模拟植株光合产量和光合产物向各个器官分配的数学公式的主要参数不能通过简单的方法确定,称为隐含参数,是通过将该模型与非线性最小二乘法结合,并以田间植株生长的测定值为目标文件而反求出的。本文首先对参数反求方法进行了改进,结果表明,以植株多个生长时段的测定数据为目标文件来反求参数值时,其变异系数明显比只用某一个时段的测定数据时低。从模型隐含参数的稳定性和模型模拟效果两方面对该模型进行了评估。对气象条件不同而其他条件相同的4组玉米试验、玉米不同生长阶段以及不同取样植株个体等情况下所反求的隐含参数值的稳定性统计分析表明,模型隐含参数值因气象条件、生长阶段以及植株个体差异而产生的差异均不显著,可以认为它们是植株生长内在的、稳定的参数。本文还对该模型的植株形态模拟模块进行了改进。模型较好地模拟了植株的生长状况,但还有必要对植株光合生产模块等进行改进。 | 马韫韬 郭焱 展志岗 李保国 Philippe de Reffye | 2006 | 作物学报2006，32，7： | 26 |
| 14 | FAIR Principles:Interpretations and Implementation Considerations显示文摘The FAIR principles have been widely cited,endorsed and adopted by a broad range of stakeholders since their publication in 2016.By intention,the 15 FAIR guiding principles do not dictate specific technological implementations,but provide guidance for improving Findability,Accessibility,Interoperability and Reusability of digital resources.This has likely contributed to the broad adoption of the FAIR principles,because individual stakeholder communities can implement their own FAIR solutions.However,it has also resulted in inconsistent interpretations that carry the risk of leading to incompatible implementations.Thus,while the FAIR principles are formulated on a high level and may be interpreted and implemented in different ways,for true interoperability we need to support convergence in implementation choices that are widely accessible and(re)-usable.We introduce the concept of FAIR implementation considerations to assist accelerated global participation and convergence towards accessible,robust,widespread and consistent FAIR implementations.Any self-identified stakeholder community may either choose to reuse solutions from existing implementations,or when they spot a gap,accept the challenge to create the needed solution,which,ideally,can be used again by other communities in the future.Here,we provide interpretations and implementation considerations(choices and challenges)for each FAIR principle. | Annika Jacobsen Ricardo de Miranda Azevedo Nick Juty Dominique Batista Simon Coles Ronald Cornet Melanie Courtot Merce Crosas Michel Dumontier Chris T.Evelo Carole Goble Giancarlo Guizzardi Karsten Kryger Hansen Ali Hasnain Kristina Hettne Jaap Heringa Rob W.W.Hooft Melanie Imming Keith G.Jeffery Rajaram Kaliyaperumal Martijn GKersloot Christine R.Kirkpatrick Tobias Kuhn Ignasi Labastida Barbara Magagna PeterMcQuilton Natalie Meyers Annalisa Montesanti Mirjam van Reisen Philippe Rocca-Serra Robert Pergl Susanna-Assunta Sansone Luiz Olavo Bonino da Silva Santos Juliane Schneider George Strawn Mark Thompson Andra Waagmeester Tobias Weigel Mark D.Wilkinson Egon L.Willighagen Peter Wittenburg Marco Roos Barend Mons Erik Schultes | 2020 | Data Intelligence2020，2，1： | 26 |
| 15 | The Hedgehog signalling pathway in bone formation显示文摘The Hedgehog(Hh) signalling pathway plays many important roles in development,homeostasis and tumorigenesis.The critical function of Hh signalling in bone formation has been identified in the past two decades.Here,we review the evolutionariiy conserved Hh signalling mechanisms with an emphasis on the functions of the Hh signalling pathway in bone development,homeostasis and diseases.In the early stages of embryonic limb development,Sonic Hedgehog(Shh) acts as a major morphogen in patterning the limb buds.Indian Hedgehog(Ihh) has an essential function in endochondral ossification and induces osteoblast differentiation in the perichondrium.Hh signalling is also involved intramembrane ossification.Interactions between Hh and Wnt signalling regulate cartilage development,endochondral bone formation and synovial joint formation.Hh also plays an important role in bone homeostasis,and reducing Hh signalling protects against age-related bone loss.Disruption of Hh signalling regulation leads to multiple bone diseases,such as progressive osseous heteroplasia.Therefore,understanding the signalling mechanisms and functions of Hh signalling in bone development,homeostasis and diseases will provide important insights into bone disease prevention,diagnoses and therapeutics. | Jing Yang Philipp Andre Ling Ye Ying-Zi Yang | 2015 | International Journal of Oral Science2015，7，2： | 24 |
| 16 | Application of poly-lactide-co-glycolide-microspheres in the transarterial chemoembolization in an animal model of hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘AIM:To introduce an animal model of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in ACI-rats, and to evaluate the therapeutic effects of Poly-lactide-co-glycolide(PIcg)-microspheres in the transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in this model, as well the value of this model in the experiments of interventional therapy. | Jochen Truebenbach Florian Graepler Philippe Pereira Peter Huppert Thomas Eul Gundula Wiemann Claus Claussen | 2003 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2003，9，1： | 24 |
| 17 | Neutrophil depletion-but not prevention of Kupffer cell activation-decreases the severity of cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis显示文摘瞄准:为了决定嗜中性的弄空和 Kupffer 房间抑制是否可能联合,他们的 protective 完成尖锐胰腺炎的严厉到减少。方法:老鼠有 cerulein 管理导致尖锐胰腺炎并且是有任何一个反老鼠 neutrophil 浆液或金轧氯化物(GdCl3 ) 的 pretreated 阻止 Kupffer 房间激活,或两个处理。损害在胰和肺被估计。Myeloperoxidases (军邮局) 估计了嗜中性的渗入。Interleukin-6 (IL-6 ) 和 IL-10 在浆液,胰,肺和肝被测量。结果:在有尖锐胰腺炎的老鼠,嗜中性的弄空减少了胰腺炎和联系胰腺炎的肺损害的严厉。在由 GdCl3 的激活的 Kupffer 房间有更少的保护的效果,尽管 IL-6 和 IL-10 集中显著地被减少。嗜中性的弄空带的普雷茨氏疗法没被 Kupffer 房间在激活提高,两个处理没联合他们的保护的效果。结论:当 Kupffer 房间激活的角色是不太明显的时,我们的结果在在尖锐胰腺炎加重机关损害证实激活的 neutrophils 的角色。 | Catherine M Pastor Alain Vonlaufen Fabianna Georgi Antoine Hadengue Philippe Morel Jean-Louis Frossard | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，8： | 22 |
| 18 | Stem cells for liver tissue repair:Current knowledge and perspectives显示文摘Stem cells from extra-or intrahepatic sources have been recently characterized and their usefulness for the generation of hepatocyte-like lineages has been demonstrated. Therefore, they are being increasingly considered for future applications in liver cell therapy. In that field, liver cell transplantation is currently regarded as a possible alternative to whole organ transplantation, while stem cells possess theoretical advantages on hepatocytes as they display higher in vitro culture performances and could be used in autologous transplant procedures. However, the current research on the hepatic fate of stem cells is still facing difficulties to demonstrate the acquisition of a full mature hepatocyte phenotype, both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the lack of obvious demonstration of in vivo hepatocyte-like cell functionality remains associated to low repopulation rates obtained after current transplantation procedures. The present review focuses on the current knowledge of the stem cell potential for liver therapy. We discuss the characteristics of the principal cell candidates and the methods to demonstrate their hepatic potential in vitro and in vivo. We finally address the question of the future clinical applications of stem cells for liver tissue repair and the technical aspects that remain to be investigated. | Philippe A Lysy David Campard Fran oise Smets Mustapha Najimi Etienne M Sokal | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，6： | 22 |
| 19 | GRADE指南:Ⅸ.证据质量升级显示文摘证据质量升级的最常见原因是效应量大。当方法学严谨的观察性研究表明风险至少降低或增加2倍时,GRADE建议考虑将证据质量升高1级;当风险至少降低或增加5倍时,考虑将证据质量升高2级。当存在剂量-反应关系,或所有合理的混杂、偏倚会降低明显的治疗效应,或混杂、偏倚使得结果无效为假效应时,系统评价作者和指南制定者也可考虑升高证据质量。其他考虑因素包括起效迅速、潜在的疾病(状态)趋势以及间接证据。 | Gordon H.Guyatt Andrew D.Oxman Shahnaz Sultan Paul Glasziou Elie A.Akl Pablo Alonso-Coello David Atkins Regina Kunz Jan Brozek Victor Montori Roman Jaeschke David Rind Philipp Dahm Joerg Meerpohl Gunn Vist Elise Berliner Susan Norris Yngve Falck-Ytter M.Hassan Murad Holger J.Schünemann 代表GRADE工作组 李幼平 杨晓妍 李玲 王应强 | 2011 | 中国循证医学杂志2011，11，12： | 22 |
| 20 | 世界大河水沙通量变化趋势研究(英文)显示文摘河流水沙运动是地球化学循环的重要驱动力.本研究基于全球变化背景下的长序列水沙资料,对4307条世界大河(流域面积≥1000 km^2)水-沙通量的9种变化趋势及其成因进行了系统研究.结果表明,全球24%的大河呈现显著的径流变化,但年入海通量基本保持稳定;40%的大河呈现显著的泥沙通量变化,年入海通量下降20.8%;其中,亚洲大型河流的水沙通量下降趋势及南美亚马逊河的悬移质浓度上升趋势尤为突出.总体上,71%的世界大河径流变化与降水密切相关,而泥沙通量变化受大坝运行和灌溉等人类活动影响较大. | 李莉 倪晋仁 常方 岳遥 Natalia Frolova Dmitry Magritsky Alistair GLBorthwick Philippe Ciais 王易初 郑春苗 Desmond E.Walling | 2020 | Science Bulletin2020，65，1： | 23 |
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