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| 1 | CONSORT 2010说明与详述:报告平行对照随机临床试验指南的更新显示文摘大量证据显示随机对照临床试验(randomised controlled trial,RCT)的报告质量不理想。报告不透明,则读者既不能评判试验结果是否真实可靠,也不能从中提取可用于系统综述的信息。最近的方法学分析表明,报告不充分和设计不合理与对治疗效果产生评价偏倚有关。这种系统误差对RCT损害严重,而RCT正是以其能减少或避免偏倚而被视为评价干预措施的金标准。为了提高RCT的报告质量,一个由专家和编辑组成的工作组制定了临床试验报告的统一标准(Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials,CONSORT)声明。CONSORT声明于1996年首次发表,并于2001年更新。声明由对照检查清单和流程图组成,供作者在报告RCT时使用。许多核心医学期刊和主要国际性编辑组织都已认可CONSORT声明。该声明促进了对RCT的严格评价和解释。2001年,在对CONSORT进行修订时,人们就已经清楚地认识到,解释和说明制定CONSORT声明的原理,有助于研究人员等撰写或评价临床试验报告。一篇CONSORT说明与详述文章于2001年同2001版CONSORT声明一起发表。2007年1月的专家会议之后,对CONSORT声明作了进一步修订并已发表,即'CONSORT2010声明'。这次更新对原版对照检查清单作了文字上的修改,使其更为明晰,并收入了与一些新近才认识到的主题相关的建议,如选择性报告结局产生的偏倚。说明与详述文件旨在加强人们对CONSORT声明的理解、应用和传播,这次也作了大量修订,对每一项新增或更新的清单条目的含义和增改理由进行了解释,提供了优秀的报告实例,还尽可能地提供了相关的经验性研究的参考文献。文中收入了若干流程图实例。'CONSORT2010声明'、其说明与详述文件,以及相关网站(www.consort-statement.org),对于改进随机临床试验报告必将有所裨益。 | David Moher Sally Hopewell Kenneth F Schulz Victor Montori Peter C Gφtzsche P J Devereaux Diana Elbourne Matthias Egger Douglas G Altman 周庆辉 卞兆祥 刘建平 | 2010 | 中西医结合学报2010，8，8： | 318 |
| 2 | Influences of Ivabradine treatment on serum levels of cardiac biomarkers sST2, GDF-15, suPAR and H-FABP in patients with chronic heart failure显示文摘长期的心失败(CHF ) 代表住院和死亡的一个主要原因。最近的证据表演那新奇 biomarkers 象 tumorigenicity (sST2 ) 的可溶的抑制那样,生长区别 factor-15 (GDF-15 ) ,可溶的尿激 plasminogen 使活跃之物受体(suPAR ) 和心类型丰满的酸绑定蛋白质(H-FABP ) 被相关与煽动性并且在 CHF 病人的 ischemic 回答。在这研究,我们检验了禁止了 激活hyperpolarization 的周期的核苷酸门隧道的 Ivabradine 的效果( HCN 隧道,也叫的滑稽电流我 从而导致选择心率减小的 f ),和改进的心肌的氧在心脏的 biomarkers sST2 上供应, GDF-15 ,在在 Jena 的大学医院的 50 个 CHF 病人的 suPAR 和 H-FABP 。病人们基于 CHF 的病原学被划分成三个组:扩大心肌症(DCM, n=20 ) , ischemic 心肌症(ICM, n=20 ) 并且高血压的心肌症(HCM, n=10 ) 。病人是管理 Ivabradine (5 mg,为 3 个月的出价,和 7.5 mg 期望推进 3 个月) 。心血管的 biomarkers 的分析在基线以及在 3 月、 6 月的后续被执行。在 6 月的后续, GDF-15 层次显著地与基线层次(P=0.0215 ) 相比被减少,显示在心脏的改变的进步的减小。H-FABP 集中在与 ICM (1.89 对 3.24 g/mL ) 和 HCM 病人(1.89 对 3.80 g/mL ) 相比的 DCM 病人是显著地更低的,并且在 6 月的后续(P=0.0151 ) 上减少了。中部的层次仍然是的 suPAR 提高了,暗示主要进行中的煽动性的过程。是在 GDF-15 和 H-FABP 由重要减少证明层次,在室的改变的减小和无临床症状的局部缺血能被假定。然而,血液动力学的应力(sST2 ) 的标记和发炎(suPAR ) 没在 CHF 病人在 6 月 Ivabradine 治疗以后显示出变化或前进。进一步的研究是必要的验证这些新奇心血管的 biomarkers 的临床的适用性。 | Peter JIRAK Dzeneta FEJZIC Vera PAAR Bernhard WERNLY Rudin PISTULLI Ilonka ROHM Christian JUNG Uta C HOPPE P Christian SCHULZE Michael LICHTENAUER Atilla YILMAZ Daniel KRETZSCHMAR | 2018 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2018，39，7： | 31 |
| 3 | Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy:When should you look further?显示文摘Pruritis with abnormal liver function tests is the classical presentation of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy(ICP),a condition associated with significant fetal complications.Although the etiology of ICP is unclear in many cases,certain features of the clinical presentation should alert the practitioner to the possibility of an underlying metabolic defect, which may not only affect subsequent pregnancies, but may be an indicator of more serious subsequent liver disease.We report a kindred of Anglo-Celtic descent,among whom many members present with ICP,gallstones or cholestasis related to use of oral contraception.Genetic studies revealed a novel mutation in the ABCB4 gene,which codes for a phospholipid transport protein.The clinical significance of this mutation and the importance of identifying such patients are discussed. | Winita Hardikar Shivani Kansal Ronald P J Oude Elferink Peter Angus | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，9： | 22 |
| 4 | Role of autophagy in the pathophysiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease:A controversial issue显示文摘Autophagy is a mechanism involved in cellular homeostasis under basal and stressed conditions delivering cytoplasmic content to the lysosomes for degradation to macronutrients.The potential role of autophagy in disease is increasingly recognised and investigated in the last decade.Nowadays it is commonly accepted that autophagy plays a role in the hepatic lipid metabolism.Hence,dysfunction of autophagy may be an underlying cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.However,controversy of the exact role of autophagy in the lipid metabolism exists:some publications report a lipolytic function of autophagy,whereas others claim a lipogenic function.This review aims to give an update of the present knowledge on autophagy in the hepatic lipid metabolism,hepatic insulin resistance,steatohepatitis and hepatic fibrogenesis. | Wilhelmus J Kwanten Wim Martinet Peter P Michielsen Sven M Francque | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，23： | 17 |
| 5 | Are there new approaches for diagnosis, therapy guidance and outcome prediction of sepsis?显示文摘Beside many efforts to improve outcome, sepsis is still one of the most frequent causes of death in critically ill patients. It is the most common condition with high mortality in intensive care units. The complexity of the septic syndrome comprises immunological aspects- i.e.,sepsis induced immunosuppression- but is not restricted to this fact in modern concepts. So far, exact mechanisms and variables determining outcome and mortality stay unclear. Since there is no typical risk profile, early diagnosis and risk stratification remain difficult, which hinders rapid and effective treatment initiation. Due to the heterogeneous nature of sepsis, potential therapy options should be adapted to the individual. Biomarkers like C-reactive protein and procalcitonin are routinely used as complementary tools in clinical decision-making. Beyond the acute phase proteins, a wide bunch of promising substances and non-laboratory tools with potential diagnostic and prognostic value is under intensive investigation. So far, clinical decision just based on biomarker assessment is not yet feasible. However, biomarkers should be considered as a complementary approach. | Dubravka Kojic Benedikt H Siegler Florian Uhle Christoph Lichtenstern Peter P Nawroth Markus A Weigand Stefan Hofer Thorsten Brenner | 2015 | World Journal of Experimental Medicine2015，5，2： | 14 |
| 6 | Extended surgical resection for xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis mimicking advanced gallbladder carcinoma: A case report and review of literature显示文摘Xanthogranulomatous 胆汁(XGC ) 是胆囊的破坏煽动性的疾病,很少包含邻近的机关并且模仿国王先进胆囊癌。诊断在病理学的检查以后仅仅通常是可能的。46 42 岁的女人被指我们包含肝核,正确的肝脑叶,恰好结肠的弯曲,和十二指肠的怀疑的胆囊癌症的中心。刷细胞学获得了由内视镜后退胆管造影术(ERC ) 出现了高级发育异常。病人经历了团的在团体切除术,由正确叶切除术,正确的半结肠切除术,和部分十二指肠的切除术组成。出人意料地揭示的病理学的检查一 XGC.Only,为有邻近的机关的直接参与的 XGC 的扩大外科的切除术的六个案例到目前为止被报导了。在这些情况中,与癌给 XGC 的可能的共存,恶意不能被排除,甚至在细胞学和 intraoperative 冰冻切片调查以后。在结论,由于源于在另外的方面上包围机关的高度好攻击的煽动性的侵略的一个方面和可能的复杂并发症上的胆囊癌的差的预后,它似乎这些案例应该被当作恶性瘤直到不那样证明。临床医生们应该包括 XGC 在之中可能微分在肝核群众诊断。 | Antonino Spinelli Guido Schumacher Andreas Pascher Enrique Lopez-Hanninen Hussain Al-Abadi Christoph Benckert Igor M Sauer Johann Pratschke Ulf P Neumann Sven Jonas Jan M Langrehr Peter Neuhaus | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，14： | 13 |
| 7 | 加强流行病学中观察性研究报告质量(STROBE)声明:观察性研究报告规范显示文摘很多生物医学研究都是观察性的。但对这类研究的报告却通常不完整,从而限制了对其优缺点及普适性的评价。“加强流行病学中观察性研究报告质量(STROBE)”工作组针对一篇完整明确的观察性研究报告应包括的内容提供了一套建议。建议涵盖了流行病学研究的三种主要设计类型:队列设计、病例对照设计和横断面设计。2004年9月,我们召开了为期2天的研讨会,与会的方法学专家、研究人员和期刊编辑共同起草了一份观察性研究报告应纳入的条目清单草案。此后,又通过协调小组数次会议及与有关人员电子邮件讨论等对该草案进行了修改,纳入了经验性证据和方法学方面的意见。通过研讨会及之后反复的咨询和修订,我们制定出了一个包含22个条目的清单(STROBE声明),分为论文的题目、摘要、引言、方法、结果和讨论等部分。其中18个条目适用于所有三种主要的观察性研究设计,其余4个条目则专门用于队列、病例一对照或横断面设计。详细的解释和示范文件已另行发表,在《公共科学图书馆一医学》(PLoS Medicine)、《内科学年报》(Annalsof Internal Medicine)和《流行病学》(Epidemiology)的网站可以免费获得。我们希望STROBE声明能有助于改善观察性研究报告的质量。 | Erikvon Elm Douglas G Altman Matthias Egger Stuart J Pocock Peter C G tzsche Jan P Vandenbroucke 赵乐(译) 邹光勇(审) 杜怀东(审) | 2008 | 世界临床医学2008，2，1： | 12 |
| 8 | Retrograde-viewing device improves adenoma detection rate in colonoscopies for surveillance and diagnostic workup显示文摘AIM:To determine which patients might benefit most from retrograde viewing during colonoscopy through subset analysis of randomized,controlled trial data.METHODS:The Third Eye Retroscope Randomized Clinical Evaluation(TERRACE) was a randomized,controlled,multicenter trial designed to evaluate the efficacy of a retrograde-viewing auxiliary imaging device that is used during colonoscopy to provide a second video image which allows viewing of areas on the proximal aspect of haustral folds and flexures that are difficult to see with the colonoscope's forward view.We performed a post-hoc analysis of the TERRACE data to determine whether certain subsets of the patient population would gain more benefit than others from use of the device.Subjects were patients scheduled for colonoscopy for screening,surveillance or diagnostic workup,and each underwent same-day tandem examinations with standard colonoscopy(SC) and Third Eye colonoscopy(TEC),randomized to SC followed by TEC or vice versa.RESULTS:Indication for colonoscopy was screening in 176/345 subjects(51.0%),surveillance after previous polypectomy in 87(25.2%) and diagnostic workup in 82(23.8%).In 4 subjects no indication was specified.Previously reported overall results had shown a net additional adenoma detection rate(ADR) with TEC of 23.2% compared to SC.Relative risk(RR) of missing adenomas with SC vs TEC as the initial procedure was 1.92(P = 0.029).Post-hoc subset analysis shows additional ADRs for TEC compared to SC were 4.4% for screening,35.7% for surveillance,55.4% for diagnostic and 40.7% for surveillance and diagnostic combined.The RR of missing adenomas with SC vs TEC was 1.11(P = 0.815) for screening,3.15(P = 0.014) for surveillance,8.64(P = 0.039) for diagnostic and 3.34(P = 0.003) for surveillance and diagnostic combined.Although a multivariate Poisson regression suggested gender as a possibly significant factor,subset analysis showed that the difference between genders was not statistically significant.Age,bowel prep quality and withdrawal time did not significantly affect the RR of missing adenomas with SC vs TEC.Mean sizes of adenomas detected with TEC and SC were similar at 0.59 cm and 0.56 cm,respectively(P = NS).CONCLUSION:TEC allows detection of significantly more adenomas compared to SC in patients undergoing surveillance or diagnostic workup,but not in screening patients(ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT01044732). | Peter D Siersema Amit Rastogi Anke M Leufkens Paul A Akerman Kassem Azzouzi Richard I Rothstein Frank P Vleggaar Alessandro Repici Giacomo Rando Patrick I Okolo Olivier Dewit Ana Ignjatovic Elizabeth Odstrcil James East Pierre H Deprez Brian P Saunders Anthony N Kalloo Bradley Creel Vikas Singh Anne Marie Lennon Daniel C DeMarco | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，26： | 6 |
| 9 | High-density SNP-based genetic maps for the parents of an outcrossed and a selfed tetraploid garden rose cross, inferred from admixed progeny using the 68k rose SNP array显示文摘Dense genetic maps create a base for QTL analysis of important traits and future implementation of marker-assisted breeding.In tetraploid rose,the existing linkage maps include<300 markers to cover 28 linkage groups(4 homologous sets of 7 chromosomes).Here we used the 68k WagRhSNP Axiom single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)array for rose,in combination with SNP dosage calling at the tetraploid level,to genotype offspring from the garden rose cultivar‘Red New Dawn’.The offspring proved to be not from a single bi-parental cross.In rose breeding,crosses with unintended parents occur regularly.We developed a strategy to separate progeny into putative populations,even while one of the parents was unknown,using principle component analysis on pairwise genetic distances based on sets of selected SNP markers that were homozygous,and therefore uninformative for one parent.One of the inferred populations was consistent with self-fertilization of‘Red New Dawn’.Subsequently,linkage maps were generated for a bi-parental and a self-pollinated population with‘Red New Dawn’as the common maternal parent.The densest map,for the selfed parent,had 1929 SNP markers on 25 linkage groups,covering 1765.5 cM at an average marker distance of 0.9 cM.Synteny with the strawberry(Fragaria vesca)genome was extensive.Rose ICM1 corresponded to F.vesca pseudochromosome 7(Fv7),ICM4 to Fv4,ICM5 to Fv3,ICM6 to Fv2 and ICM7 to Fv5.Rose ICM2 corresponded to parts of F.vesca pseudochromosomes 1 and 6,whereas ICM3 is syntenic to the remainder of Fv6. | Mirjana Vukosavljev Paul Arens Roeland E Voorrips Wendy P C van't Westende G D Esselink Peter M Bourke Peter Cox W Eric van de Weg Richard G F Visser Chris Maliepaard Marinus J M Smulders | 2016 | Horticulture Research2016，3，1： | 6 |
| 10 | Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV)for assessment of qualitative classification of Norway spruce in temperate forest stands显示文摘The study investigates the potential of UAV-based remote sensing technique for monitoring of Norway spruce health condition in the affected forest areas.The objectives are:(1)to test the applicability of UAV visible an near-infrared(VNIR)and geometrical data based on Z values of point dense cloud(PDC)raster to separate forest species and dead trees in the study area;(2)to explore the relationship between UAV VNIR data and individual spruce health indicators from field sampling;and(3)to explore the possibility of the qualitative classification of spruce health indicators.Analysis based on NDVI and PDC raster was successfully applied for separation of spruce and silver fir,and for identification of dead tree category.Separation between common beech and fir was distinguished by the object-oriented image analysis.NDVI was able to identify the presence of key indicators of spruce health,such as mechanical damage on stems and stem resin exudation linked to honey fungus infestation,while stem damage by peeling was identified at the significance margin.The results contributed to improving separation of coniferous(spruce and fir)tree species based on VNIR and PDC raster UAV data,and newly demonstrated the potential of NDVI for qualitative classification of spruce trees.The proposed methodology can be applicable for monitoring of spruce health condition in the local forest sites. | Olga Brovkina Emil Cienciala Peter Surový Přemysl Janata | 2018 | Geo-Spatial Information Science2018，21，1： | 6 |
| 11 | Oral eplerenone for the management of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy显示文摘AIM: To examine eplerenone(Inspra, Pfizer), a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, as a treatment option for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy(CSCR).METHODS: A retrospective consecutive case series was conducted for patients receiving oral eplerenone for chronic CSCR. At baseline and each follow-up visit,spectral domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT)imaging was performed, including manual measurements of the height and diameter size of subretinal fluid. The primary outcome measure was the reduction in subretinal fluid following initiation of therapy.RESULTS: A total of 17 eyes of 13 patients treated with25 and 50 mg of oral eplerenone per day were identified.Subretinal fluid(SRF) decreased over time following eplerenone therapy(P = 0.007 and P =0.002, diameter and height respectively). Maximum SRF height decreased from a mean of 131.5 μm at baseline to 15.3 μm at day181+. SRF diameter decreased from an average of 2174.4μm at baseline to 46.9 μm at day 181 +. Log MAR visual acuity improved from 0.42(Snellen equivalent: 20/53) at baseline to 0.29(Snellen equivalent: 20/39) at day 181 +(P = 0.024). Central subfield thickness(CST) decreased from 339.5 μm at baseline to 270.3 μm at day 181+(P = 0.029).CONCLUSION: Eplerenone therapy resulted in significant anatomic and visual improvements in eyes with chronic CSCR. | Rishi P Singh Jonathan E Sears Rumneek Bedi Andrew P Schachat Justis P Ehlers Peter K Kaiser | 2015 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2015，8，2： | 6 |
| 12 | 21世纪心电图在临床与科研中的作用显示文摘心电学是心脏病学的一个分支,其主要研究心脏的电活动。经典的12导联心电图通过体表12个位置的探查电极记录心脏的电活动。心电图机是记录心电活动的装置,内置的生物电放大器可以放大各种生物电信号,电流计根据心肌的除极、复极事件进行相应的移动从而描记出心电图. | 张莉 André s Ricardo Pé rez Riera Peter R. Kowey 刘元伟(译) | 2008 | 临床心电学杂志2008，17，6： | 5 |
| 13 | Colonic manifestations of PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome: Case series and systematic review显示文摘AIM:To investigate our clinical experience with the colonic manifestations of phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome ten(PTEN)hamartoma tumor syndrome(PHTS)and to perform a systematic literature review regarding the same.METHODS:This study was approved by the appropriate institutional review board prior to initiation.A clinical genetics database was searched for patients with PHTS or a component syndrome that received gastrointestinal endoscopy or pathology interpretation at our center.These patient’s records were retrospectively reviewed for clinical characteristics(including family history and genetic testing),endoscopy results and pathology findings.We also performed a systematic review of the literature for case series of PHTS or component syndromes that reported gastrointestinal manifestations and investigations published after consensus diagnostic criteria were established in 1996.These results were compiled and reported.RESULTS:Eight patients from our institution met initial inclusion criteria.Of these,5 patients underwent4.2 colonoscopies at mean age 45.8±10.8 years.All were found to have colon polyps during their clinical course and polyp histology included adenoma,hyperplastic,ganglioneuroma and juvenile.No malignant lesions were identified.Two had multiple histologic types.One patient underwent colectomy due to innumerable polyps and concern for future malignant potential.Systematic literature review of PHTS patients undergoing endoscopy revealed 107 patients receiving colonoscopy at mean age 37.4 years.Colon polyps were noted in92.5%and multiple colon polyp histologies were reported in 53.6%.Common polyp histologies included hyperplastic(43.6%),adenoma(40.4%),hamartoma(38.3%),ganglioneuroma(33%)and inflammatory(24.5%)polyps.Twelve(11.2%)patients had colorectal cancer at mean age 46.7 years(range 35-62).Clinical outcomes secondary to colon polyposis and malignancy were not commonly reported.CONCLUSION:PHTS has a high prevalence of colon polyposis with multiple histologic types.It should be considered a mixed polyposis syndrome.Systematic review found an increased prevalence of colorectal cancer and we recommend initiating colonoscopy for colorectal cancer surveillance at age 35 years. | Peter P Stanich Robert Pilarski Jonathan Rock Wendy L Frankel Samer El-Dika Marty M Meyer | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，7： | 5 |
| 14 | Long-term irritable bowel syndrome symptom control with reintroduction of selected FODMAPs显示文摘AIM To investigate the long-term effect of dietary education on a low fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide and polyol(FODMAP) diet on irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) symptoms and quality of life(Qo L).METHODS Participants with IBS(Rome III) were randomized to two groups. Group I commenced a low FODMAP diet at baseline. At three months, group II, so far a comparator group, crossed over to a low FODMAP diet while group I started re-challenging foods. All patients completed the IBS SSS(IBS symptom severity scoring system, 0-500 points increasing with severity), IBS Qo L questionnaire(0-100 increasing with Qo L), a FODMAP specific food frequency questionnaire and provided a stool sample at baseline, three and six months for microbiome analysis.RESULTS Fifty participants were enrolled into group I(n = 23) or group II(n = 27). Participants in both groups were similar in baseline values but with more men in group I. There was a significantly lower IBS SSS(275.6 ± 63.6 to 128.8 ± 82.5 vs 246.8 ± 71.1 to 203.6 ± 70.1)(P < 0.0002) and increased Qo L(68.5 ± 18.0 to 83 ± 13.4 vs 72.9 ± 12.8 to 73.3 ± 14.4)(P < 0.0001) in group I vs group II at 3 mo. The reduced IBS SSS was sustained at 6 mo in group I(160 ± 102) and replicated in group II(124 ± 76). Fiber intake decreased on the low FODMAP diet(33 ± 17 g/d to 21 ± 8 g/d)(P < 0.01) and after re-introducing FODMAP containing foods increased again to 27 ± 9 g/d. There was no change seen in the intestinal microbiome when participants adopted a low FODMAP diet.CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that a reduction in FODMAPs improves symptoms in IBS and this improvement can be maintained while reintroducing FODMAPs. | Ruth M Harvie Alexandra W Chisholm Jordan E Bisanz Jeremy P Burton Peter Herbison Kim Schultz Michael Schultz | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，25： | 5 |
| 15 | Inflammatory bowel disease in Asia: A systematic review显示文摘 | Lani Prideaux Michael A Kamm Peter P De Cruz Francis K L Chan Siew C Ng | 2012 | Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology2012，，8： | 5 |
| 16 | Effects of radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide versus radiotherapy alone on survival in glioblastoma in a randomised phase III study: 5-year analysis of the EORTC-NCIC trial显示文摘 | Roger Stupp Monika E Hegi Warren P Mason Martin J van den Bent Martin JB Taphoorn Robert C Janzer Samuel K Ludwin Anouk Allgeier Barbara Fisher Karl Belanger Peter Hau Alba A Brandes Johanna Gijtenbeek Christine Marosi Charles J Vecht Karima Mokhtari Piet | 2009 | Lancet Oncology2009，，5： | 4 |
| 17 | Prevalence of H pylori associated 'high risk gastritis' for development of gastric cancer in patients with normal endoscopic findings显示文摘AIM: To investigate the prevalence of H pylori associated corpus-predominant gastritis (CPG) or pangastritis, severe atrophy, and intestinal metaplasia (IM) in patients without any signifi cant abnormal fi ndings during upper- GI endoscopy. METHODS: Gastric biopsies from 3548 patients were obtained during upper GI-endoscopy in a 4-year period. Two biopsies from antrum and corpus were histologically assessed according to the updated Sydney-System. Eight hundred and forty-fi ve patients (mean age 54.8 ± 2.8 years) with H pylori infection and no peptic ulcer or abnormal gross fi ndings in the stomach were identifi ed and analyzed according to gastritis phenotypes using different scoring systems. RESULTS: The prevalence of severe H pylori associated changes like pangastritis, CPG, IM, and severe atrophy increased with age, reaching a level of 20% in patients of the age group over 45 years. No differences in frequencies between genders were observed. The prevalence of IM had the highest increase, being 4-fold higher at the age of 65 years versus in individuals less than 45 years. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of gastritis featuring at risk for cancer development increases with age. These findings reinforce the necessity for the histological assessment, even in subjects with normal endoscopic appearance. The age-dependent increase in prevalence of severe histopathological changes in gastric mucosa, however, does not allow estimating the individual risk forgastric cancer development-only a proper follow-up can provide this information. | Andreas Leodolter Matthias P Ebert Ulrich Peitz Kathlen Wolle Stefan Kahl Michael Vieth Peter Malfertheiner | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，34： | 4 |
| 18 | Fas stimulation of T lymphocytes promotes rapid intercellular exchange of death signals via membrane nanotubes显示文摘Fas/CD95 表面受体调停各种各样的房间的快速的死亡打字,包括有为触发 autoimmunity 的潜力的 autoreactive T 房间。这里,我们表明那的船边交货的现在的新奇方面定义一种“社会”的尺寸到导致受体的 apoptosis。船边交货刺激很快导致在附近的 T 房间之间的广泛的膜 nanotube 形成。这极其依赖于 Rho GTPases 然而并非在 caspase 激活上。包括活跃 caspases 的膜和 cytosolic 元素的双向转移能被观察经由这些 nanotubes 发生。Nanotube 形成和死亡信号的细胞间的交换在从有在船边交货受体的自体免疫的 lymphoproliferative 症候群 harbouring 变化的病人的 T 淋巴细胞是有缺点的。我们断定调停 nanotube 的交换组成扩充在附近的 T 房间之间发信号的死亡的繁殖的细胞间的通讯的一种新奇形式。 | Peter D Arkwright Francesca Luchetti Julien Tour Charlotte Roberts Rahna Ayub Ana P Morales Jose J Rodriguez Andrew Gilmore Barbara Canonico Stefano Papa Mauro Degli Esposti | 2010 | Cell Research2010，20，1： | 4 |
| 19 | Biological therapy in inflammatory bowel diseases:Access in Central and Eastern Europe显示文摘Biological drugs opened up new horizons in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD).This study focuses on access to biological therapy in IBD patients across 9 selected Central and Eastern European(CEE)countries,namely Bulgaria,the Czech Republic,Estonia,Hungary,Latvia,Lithuania,Poland,Romania and Slovakia.Literature data on the epidemiology and disease burden of IBD in CEE countries was systematically reviewed.Moreover,we provide an estimation on prevalence of IBD as well as biological treatment rates.In all countries with the exception of Romania,lower biological treatment rates were observed in ulcerative colitis(UC)compared to Crohn’s disease despite the higher prevalence of UC.Great heterogeneity(up to 96-fold)was found in access to biologicals across the CEE countries.Poland,Bulgaria,Romania and the Baltic States are lagging behind Hungary,Slovakia and the Czech Republic in their access to biologicals.Variations of reimbursement policy may be one of the factors explaining the differences to a certain extent in Bulgaria,Latvia,Lithuania,and Poland,but association with other possible determinants(differences in prevalence and incidence,price of biologicals,total expenditure on health,geographical access,and cost-effectiveness results)was not proven.We assume,nevertheless,that healthdeterioration linked to IBD might be valued differently against other systemic inflammatory conditions in distinct countries and which may contribute to the immense diversity in the utilization of biological drugs for IBD.In conclusion,access to biologicals varies widely among CEE countries and this difference cannot be explained by epidemiological factors,drug prices or total health expenditure.Changes in reimbursement policy could contribute to better access to biologicals in some countries. | Fanni Rencz Márta Péntek Martin Bortlik Edyta Zagorowicz Tibor Hlavaty Andrzej Sliwczyński Mihai M Diculescu Limas Kupcinskas Krisztina B Gecse László Gulácsi Peter L Lakatos | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，6： | 4 |
| 20 | Role of interleukin-1 and its antagonism of hepatic stellate cell proliferation and liver fibrosis in the Abcb4^(-/-) mouse model显示文摘AIM: To study the interleukin-1(IL-1) pathway as a therapeutic target for liver fibrosis in vitro and in vivo using the ATP-binding cassette transporter b4^(-/-)(Abcb4^(-/-)) mouse model.METHODS: Female and male Abcb4^(-/-) mice from 6 to 13 mo of age were analysed for the degree of cholestasis(liver serum tests), extent of liver fibrosis(hydroxyproline content and Sirius red staining) and tissue-specific activation of signalling pathways such as the IL-1 pathway [quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR)]. For in vivo experiments, murine hepatic stellate cells(HSCs) were isolated via pronasecollagenase perfusion followed by density gradient centrifugation using female mice. Murine HSCs were stimulated with up to 1 ng/m L IL-1β with or without 2.5 μg/m L Anakinra, an IL-1 receptor antagonist, respectively. The proliferation of murine HSCs was assessed via the Brd U assay. The toxicity of Anakinra was evaluated via the fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis(FDH) assay. In vivo 8-wk-old Abcb4^(-/-) mice with an already fully established hepatic phenotype were treated with Anakinra(1 mg/kg body-weight daily intraperitoneally) or vehicle and liver injury and liver fibrosis were evaluated via serum tests, q PCR, hydroxyproline content and Sirius red staining. RESULTS: Liver fibrosis was less pronounced in males than in female Abcb4^(-/-) animals as defined by a lower hydroxyproline content(274 ± 64 μg/g vs 436 ± 80 μg/g liver, respectively; n = 13-15; P < 0.001; MannWhitney U-test) and lower m RNA expression of the profibrogenic tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP)(1 ± 0.41 vs 0.66 ± 0.33 fold, respectively; n = 13-15; P < 0.05; Mann-Whitney U-test). Reduced liver fibrosis was associated with significantly lower levels of F4/80 m RNA expression(1 ± 0.28 vs 0.71 ± 0.41 fold, respectively; n = 12-15; P < 0.05; Mann-Whitney U-test) and significantly lower IL-1β m RNA expression levels(1 ± 0.38 vs 0.44 ± 0.26 fold, respectively; n = 13-15; P < 0.001; Mann-Whitney U-test). No gender differences in the serum liver parameters [bilirubin; alanine aminotransferase(ALT); aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase(AP)] were found. In vitro, the administration of IL-1β resulted in a significant increase in HSC proliferation [0.94 ± 0.72 arbitrary units(A.U.) in untreated controls, 1.12 ± 0.80 A.U. at an IL-1β concentration of 0.1 ng/m L and 1.18 ± 0.73 A.U. at an IL-1β concentration of 1 ng/m L in samples from n = 6 donor animals; P < 0.001; analyses of variance(ANOVA)]. Proliferation was reduced significantly by the addition of 2.5 μg/m L Anakinra(0.81 ± 0.60 A.U. in untreated controls, 0.92 ± 0.68 A.U. at an IL-1β concentration of 0.1 ng/m L, and 0.91 ± 0.69 A.U. at an IL-1β concentration of 1 ng/m L; in samples from n = 6 donor animals; P < 0.001; ANOVA) suggesting an anti-proliferative effect of this clinically approved IL-1 receptor antagonist. The FDH assay showed this dose to be non-toxic in HSCs. In vivo, Anakinra had no effect on the hepatic hydroxyprolinecontent, liver serum tests(ALT and AP) and profibrotic(collagen 1α1, collagen 1α2, transforming growth factor-β, and TIMP-1) and anti-fibrotic [matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP2), MMP9 and MMP13 ] gene expression after 4 wk of treatment. Furthermore, the hepatic IL-1β and F4/80 m RNA expression levels were unaffected by Anakinra treatment.CONCLUSION: IL-1β expression is associated with the degree of liver fibrosis in Abcb4^(-/-) mice and promotes HSC proliferation. IL-1 antagonism shows antifibrotic effects in vitro but not in Abcb4^(-/-) mice. | Florian P Reiter Ralf Wimmer Lena Wottke Renate Artmann Jutta M Nagel Manuel O Carranza Doris Mayr Christian Rust Peter Fickert Michael Trauner Alexander L Gerbes Simon Hohenester Gerald U Denk | 2016 | World Journal of Hepatology2016，8，8： | 3 |
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