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| 1 | 全球重要农业文化遗产:一个有助于提高农业、生态与传统社会可持续性的综合观点显示文摘20世纪90年代以来,可持续发展理念在全球取得了广泛共识并延伸到农业生产系统,根据可持续发展战略和环境议程的需要,各个国家均已构建了许多自然资源可持续管理的途径并付诸实施,支持了乡村社区的发展并提高了他们的生计水平。本文简要概括了一种自然资源可持续管理的途径及其背景和特点。这种综合管理途径,如全球重要农业文化遗产的动态保护以及与其相关的农业和生态知识系统,至今仍然对传统社会、应对全球气候变化和维持生计有着重要的影响,值得进一步重新审视。 2002年,联合国粮农组织发起的重要活动之一就是全球重要农业文化遗产(GIAHS)的保护与适应性管理,该项目旨在对全球重要的、受到威胁的传统农业文化遗产系统进行保护。全球重要农业文化遗产是指:'农村与其所处环境长期协同进化和动态适应下所形成的独特的土地利用系统和农业景观,这些系统与景观具有丰富的生物多样性,而且可以满足当地社会经济与文化发展的需要,有利于促进区域可持续发展',是在当地资源条件、不断发展变化的知识体系与经过长期验证的丰富经验的基础上,反映了人类与文化多样性的协同发展,揭示了人与自然和谐共生的深刻关系。这些生动鲜活且不断演变进化的系统和社区,一直保持着与诸如自然、家庭、社区、历史以及对其自然环境的归属感等融为一体所具有的特性。全球重要农业文化遗产的动态保护,是综合管理途径的一个具体实例,是一个将农业、生态与传统社会可持续性融合在一起的综合观点。这项计划正在全球范围实施,以促进对全球重要农业文化遗产的认识并保障其继续协同发展。该项目所推动的动态保护途径将:1)在国际和国家层面上,进一步推动公众对全球重要农业文化遗产内在价值的认识;2)在试点国家制定部门内部及部门间的计划和政策时,将GIAHS中的全球重要农业生物多样性的保护和适应性管理作为主要内容;3)通过采用考虑到生态与文化相互作用的新技术,促进当地社区社会政策与经济的发展;)通过实践和经验交流,进一步推广和扩大GIAHS的保护。 | Mary Jane Dela Cruz Parviz Koohafkan | 2009 | 资源科学2009，31，6： | 24 |
| 2 | Anti-fungal and anti-bacterial activities of ethanol extracts of selected traditional Chinese medicinal herbs显示文摘Objective:To evaluate in ritro antimicrobial activities of selected 58 ethno-medicinal plant extracts with a view to assess their therapeutic potential.Methods:A total of 58 traditional Chinese medicinal plants were carefully selected based on the literature review and their traditional use.The antimicrobial activities of ethanol extracts of these medicinal plants were tested against fungi(Aspergillus funigaius),yeast(Candida albicans),gram-negative(Acirelobacter haumannii and Pseudornnruis aeruginosa)and gram-positive bacteria(Staphglococcus aureus).The activities were tested at three different concentrations of 1.00,0.10 and 0.01 mg/mL.The data was analysed using Gene data Screener program.Results:The measured antimicrobial activities indicated that out of the 58 plant extracts,15 extracts showed anti-fungal activity and 23 extracts exhibited anti-bacterial activity.Eight plant extracts have exhibited both anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities.For instance,Eucommia ulmoides,Pohgonum cuspidcrtum,Poria cocas and Uncaria rhineophylla showed activity against both bacterial and fungal strains,indicating their broad spectrum of activity.Conclusions:The results revealed that the ethanol extracts of 30 plants out of the selected 58 possess significant antimicrobial activities.It is interesting to note that the findings from the current study are consistent with the traditional use.A clear correlation has also been found between the antimicrobial activity and the flavonoid content of the plant extracts which is in agreement with the literature.Hence.the results presented here can be used to guide the selection of potential plant species for the isolation and structure elucidation of novel antimicrobial compounds in order to establish the structure-activity relationship.This in turn is expected to lead the way to the discovery of novel antimicrobial agents for therapeutic use. | Lin Zhang Anjaneya S.Ravipati Sundar R Koyyalamudi Sang Chul Jeong Narsimha Reddy John Bartlett Paul T.Smith Mercedes de la Cruz Maria Cndida Monteiro ngeles Melguizo Ester Jimnez Francisca Vicente | 2013 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2013，6，9： | 23 |
| 3 | 基于人工智能干预措施的临床试验方案指南:SPIRIT-AI扩展显示文摘《干预试验方案报告标准》(Standard Protocol Items:Recommendations for Interventional Trials,SPIRIT)2013通过为试验最小条目集的确定提供基于证据的建议,旨在改善临床试验方案报告的完整性。该指南有助于促进新干预措施的透明评估。近年来,人们越来越认识到,涉及人工智能(artificial interlligence,AI)的干预措施需要经过严格的前瞻性临床研究评估,以证明其对健康结局的影响。《人工智能干预试验方案报告标准(Standard Protocol Items:Recommendations for Interventional Trials-Artificial Intelligence,SPIRIT-AI)扩展》是一份新的评估AI干预措施的临床试验方案的报告指南。它与配套的《人工智能试验报告统一标准》(Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials-Artificial Intelligence,CONSORT-AI)是同步编制的。这两项指南的编制通过分阶段的文献回顾和专家咨询等过程达成共识,产生26项候选条目。由国际多方利益相关小组在两阶段德尔菲调查(103个利益相关者)中对这些条目进行了咨询,并在共识会议上达成一致意见(31个利益相关者),通过34个试点参与进行了改进和优化。SPI RI T-AI扩展包括15项对AI干预的临床试验方案非常重要的新条目。除SPIRIT 2013的核心条目外,这些新条目也应定期报告。SPIRIT-AI建议研究人员提供关于AI干预的清晰描述,包括使用AI所需的说明和操作技能、AI干预集成环境的设置、输入和输出数据处理的注意事项、人-AI交互和错误案例分析。SPI RI T-AI将有助于提高AI干预临床试验方案的透明度和完整性,也有助于编辑、同行评审以及普通读者理解、解释和严格评估临床试验的设计和偏倚风险。 | 熊云云(译) 李子孝(译) 丁玲玲(译) 谷鸿秋(译) 王春娟(译) 王春雪(译) 赵性泉(译) 王拥军(译) CRUZ RIVERA S LIU X CHAN A | 2020 | 中国卒中杂志2020，15，11： | 20 |
| 4 | 人工智能干预性临床试验报告指南:CONSORT-AI扩展显示文摘《试验报告统一标准》(Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials,CONSORT)2010声明提供了报告随机试验的最低准则。它的广泛使用有助于保证评估新的干预措施的透明性。最近,人们越来越认识到,涉及人工智能(artificial intelligence,AI)的干预需要经过严格的前瞻性评估,以明确其对健康的影响。《人工智能试验报告统一标准》(Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials Artificial Intelligence,CONSORT-AI)是一个新的临床试验报告指南,用以评估具有AI成分的干预。它是与《人工智能干预试验方案报告标准》(Standard ProtocolItems:Recommendations forI nterventional Trials-Artificial Intelligence,SPIRIT-AI)同步编制的。这两项指南的编制通过分阶段的文献回顾和专家咨询等过程达成共识,产生29项候选条目。由国际多方利益相关者小组在两阶段德尔菲调查(103个利益相关者)中对这些条目进行了咨询,并在共识会议上达成一致意见(31个利益相关者),通过34个试点参与进行改进和优化。CONSORT-AI扩展包括14项新条目,这些新条目对于AI干预非常重要,除了2010年CONSORT声明的核心条目之外,试验报告还应常规包含这些内容。CONSORT-AI建议研究人员提供关于AI干预的清晰描述,包括使用AI所需的说明和技能、AI干预集成环境的设置、输入和输出数据处理的注意事项、人-AI交互和错误案例分析。CONSORT-AI将有助于提高AI干预临床试验方案的透明度和完整性,也有助于编辑、同行评审以及普通读者理解、解释和严格评估临床试验的设计和偏倚风险。 | 李子孝(译) 熊云云(译) 丁玲玲(译) 王春雪(译) 赵性泉(译) 王拥军(译) WANG Chun-Juan LIU X X CRUZ RIVERA S MOHER D | 2020 | 中国卒中杂志2020，15，12： | 19 |
| 5 | WJBC 5^(th) Anniversary Special Issues(2): Proteomics In 2014, can we do better than CA125 in the early detection of ovarian cancer?显示文摘Ovarian cancer is a lethal gynecologic malignancy with greater than 70% of women presenting with advanced stage disease. Despite new treatments, long term outcomes have not significantly changed in the past 30 years with the five-year overall survival remaining between 20% and 40% for stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ disease. In contrast patients with stage Ⅰ disease have a greater than 90% five-year overall survival. Detection of ovarian cancer at an early stage would likely have significant impact on mortality rate. Screening biomarkers discovered at the bench have not translated to success in clinical trials. Existing screening modalities have not demonstrated survival benefit in completed prospective trials. Advances in high throughput screening are making it possible to evaluate the development of ovarian cancer in ways never before imagined. Data in the form of human '-omes' including the proteome, genome, metabolome, and transcriptome are now available in various packaged forms. With the correct pooling of resources including prospective collection of patient specimens, integration of high throughput screening, and use of molecular heterogeneity in biomarker discovery, we are poised to make progress in ovarian cancer screening. This review will summarize current biomarkers, imaging, and multimodality screening strategies in the context of emerging technologies. | Joshua G Cohen Matthew White Ana Cruz Robin Farias-Eisner | 2014 | World Journal of Biological Chemistry2014，5，3： | 18 |
| 6 | The effect of environmental contaminants on testicular function显示文摘男繁殖健康在最后几十年更加败坏了。营养,社会经济,生活方式和环境因素(在其它之中) 被归因于损害男繁殖健康。在最近的年里,一条大量证据积累了那建议减少的男富饶的趋势(以精子,计数,质量和其它处于男繁殖健康变化) 可能由于到环境有毒物的暴露。这些环境沾染物能模仿自然雌激素并且指向 Sertoli 和 Leydig 房间的阴囊的精子发生, steroidogenesis,和功能。最环境的有毒物被显示了导致反应的氧种类,从而在睾丸的各种各样的分隔空间引起氧化应力的一个状态。然而,睾丸上的环境有毒物的行动的分子的机制还得被阐明。这评论通过氧化应力和 apoptosis 的正式就职在阴囊的功能上讨论一些更通常使用的环境沾染物的效果。 | Premendu Prakash Mathur Shereen Cynthia D'Cruz | 2011 | Asian Journal of Andrology2011，13，4： | 13 |
| 7 | 全球重要农业文化遗产(GIAHS)保护与适应性管理(英文)显示文摘世界各地世代居住的农牧民,以多样化的自然资源为基础,通过因地制宜的生产实践活动,创造、形成并保持着许多独具特色的农业系统和景观。这些在本土知识和传统经验基础上所建立起来的农业文化遗产巧夺天工,充分反映了人类及其文化多样性和与自然环境之间深刻关系的演进历程。这些系统不仅维持并适应了具有全球重要意义的农业生物多样性,形成了丰富的本土知识体系,而且更为重要的是,还为人类持续提供了多样化的产品和服务,保障了食物安全和生计安全,提高了人们的生活质量。但是,许多这样的农业生产系统正面临着包括全球化在内的多种影响因素的威胁。2002年,联合国粮农组织发起了一个国际合作计划'全球重要农业文化遗产(GIAHS)保护与适应性管理'。这一全球性倡议旨在建立这些农业文化遗产及其有关的生物多样性、食物与生计安全、景观与文化的保护体系,并在世界范围内得到认可,实现动态保护和可持续管理。 | Parviz KOOHAFKAN Mary Jane dela CRUZ | 2011 | Journal of Resources and Ecology2011，2，1： | 13 |
| 8 | No apparent lock-in depth of the Laschamp geomagnetic excursion: Evidence from the Malan loess显示文摘The first-order chronological framework of the long-term Chinese loess/paleosol sequences was based mainly on magnetostratigraphy. However, there remain arguments on the lock-in ages of the major geomagnetic reversals. This study systematically compared the stratigraphic locations of the Laschamp excursion and Henrich events (H4 at~39 ka and H5 at~48 ka) recorded by the Luochuan loess profile in the central Chinese Loess Plateau. Results show that the Lascchamp excursion is bracketed well by these two cold events, and the corresponding estimated age is between about 41.7-43.7 ka, which is close to the widely accepted age of ~40-41 ka for the excursion.Therefore, our new results do not suggest apparent lock-in effects in the last glacial Malan loess. | ZHU Rixiang1, LIU Qingsong1,2, PAN Yongxin1, DENG Chenglong1, ZHANG Rui1 & WANG Xianfeng3 1. Paleomagnetism and Geochronology Laboratory (SKL of Lithosphere Evolution), Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chi- nese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China 2. Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Geophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA 3. Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA | 2006 | Science China Earth Sciences2006，49，9： | 12 |
| 9 | Conserving Agricultural Heritage Systems through Tourism: Exploration of Two Mountainous Communities in China显示文摘Community plays an important role in the preservation of agricultural heritage system(AHS).Recently, many AHS have been valorized as interesting resources for rural tourism. The expectations are that tourism development(TD) can be supportive for the conservation of AHS while creating benefits for local communities. In this study,two mountainous pilot villages(Longxian and Xiaohuang) in a global conservation project for traditional agricutural systems – Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS) were selected to identify the relationship between AHS conservation and TD. The study undertook in-depth interviews,and questionnaires of village residents and informal discussions with local villagers. A t-test and a linear regression model were implemented to explore the comparative dimensions of the two communities with different geographical location, economic situation,and stage of TD. The research found some similarities and differences in the two mountainous communities during AHS conservation and TD. Firstly, AHS are preservaed well in both villages unconsiously, while the residents in Xiaohuang value more highly the heritage elements than the respondents in Longxian,and the villagers in Xiaohuang are more worried about their heritage system; Secondly, both villages expect lots of benefits from TD and they clearly perceive more positive than negative impact from tourism and thus approve TD, while the hugedifferent perception on transportation and accessibility in the two villages reflects the bottleneck of TD in Xiaohuang village. At the same time, the respondents from Xiaohuang perceive more positive and fewer negative impact from tourism than the respondents from Longxian. Thirdly, the respondents in the two villages all show positive attitudes towards participation in tourism mostly motivated by the high income expectation. The main factors to determine the community perception in two villages were also analyzed based on the data process. A location-based conceputal framework of AHS conservation in partnership with TD at community scale is proposed at the end of the paper. The dynamics of tourism development, that could enhance a better understanding of the complex relationship between conservation objectives and tourism development are discussed. | SUN Ye-hong Mary Jane DELA CRUZ MIN Qing-wen LIU Mou-cheng ZHANG Ling-yun | 2013 | Journal of Mountain Science2013，10，6： | 11 |
| 10 | Root and leaf functional trait relations in Poaceae species: implications of differing resource- acquisition strategies显示文摘Aims root systems play an essential role in grassland functioning in both acquisition and storage of resources.Nevertheless,root functional traits have not received as much attention as those measured on above-ground organs,and little is known about their relations.our objec-tives were to test whether morphological and root system traits allowed identification of grass species’functional strategies and to determine whether a relation exists between above-and below-ground traits.Methods Functional traits of root tissues(specific root length,diameter,tissue density and nitrogen concentration),whole root systems(root mass,root length density,root mass percentage below a depth of 20 cm and fine root%)and two major leaf traits(specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content)were determined under field conditions and their rela-tions were analysed in eleven perennial temperate Poaceae species.Important Findings Canonical correspondence analysis along axis 1 revealed a gra-dient of species,from those with deep,dense and coarse root systems with a large root mass to those with shallow root sys-tems,thin roots and high specific root length;this suggests strong correlations among root traits.Correlations between specific root length and specific leaf area reveal two groups of species,which probably indicates different drought-tolerance capacities.root trait syndromes enable ranking grasses along a gradient from conservative-strategy species(from stressful habitats),which display a deep and coarse root system,to acquisitive species(from rich and moist meadows),which display a shallow and thin root system.although both types display similar above-ground strategies,drought-tolerant species have lower specific root lengths than drought-sensitive species,revealing more conservative root strategies. | Florian Fort Claire Jouany Pablo Cruz | 2013 | Journal of Plant Ecology2013，6，3： | 11 |
| 11 | Inflammatory bowel disease serology in Asia and the West显示文摘AIM:To study serological antibodies in Caucasians and Asians,in health and inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),in Australia and Hong Kong(HK).METHODS:Anti-glycan antibodies[anti-chitobioside(ACCA),anti-laminaribioside(ALCA)],and anti-mannobioside(AMCA),anti-Saccharomyces cervisiae(gASCA);and atypical perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody(pANCA)were tested in IBD patients,their unaffected relatives,and healthy controls in Australia and HK(China).Antibody status(positive or negative)and titre was compared between subjects of different geography,ethnicity and disease state.RESULTS:Ninety subjects were evaluated:21 Crohn’s disease(CD),32 ulcerative colitis(UC),29 healthy controls,and 8 IBD patient relatives.Forty eight subjects were Australian(29 Caucasian and 19 ethnic Han Chinese)and 42 were from HK(all Han Chinese).Caucasian CD patients had a significantly higher antibody prevalence of gASCA(67%vs 3%,P<0.001),ALCA(44%vs 6%,P=0.005),and AMCA(67%vs 15%,P=0.002),whereas HK CD patients had a higher prevalence of only AMCA(58%vs 25%,P=0.035),when compared with UC and healthy subjects in both countries.Caucasian CD had significantly higher gASCA prevalence(67%vs 0%,P<0.001)and titre(median59 vs 9,P=0.002)than HK CD patients.Prevalence and titres of ALCA,ACCA and AMCA did not differ between CD in the two countries.Presence of at least one antibody was higher in Caucasian than HK CD patients(100%vs 58%,P=0.045).pANCA did not differ between countries or ethnicity.CONCLUSION:Serologic CD responses differ between HK Asian and Australian Caucasian patients.Different genetic,environmental or disease pathogenic factors may account for these differences. | Lani Prideaux Michael A Kamm Peter De Cruz Daniel R van Langenberg Siew C Ng Iris Dotan | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，37： | 10 |
| 12 | Comparison of clinical outcomes between femtosecond laser-assisted versus conventional phacoemulsification显示文摘Background:To compare femtosecond laser-assisted versus conventional phacoemulsification in terms of visual and refractive outcomes,cumulative dissipated energy,anterior chamber inflammation and endothelial cell loss.Methods:In this retrospective cohort study,records of eyes that underwent femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery(FLACS)or conventional phacoemulsification(CP)were reviewed.The Victus femtosecond laser(Bausch and Lomb,Germany)was used to carry out corneal incisions,anterior capsulotomy,and lens fragmentation in FLACS procedures.Manifest refraction spherical equivalence(MRSE),uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA),corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA),cumulative dissipated energy(CDE),postoperative cells and flare and endothelial cell count data were collected.Subgroup analysis of the visual acuity tests was performed based on the type of intraocular lens implanted(monofocal,monofocal toric,multifocal,multifocal toric,accommodating).Results:A total of 735 eyes were included in the study(296 eyes for the FLACS group and 439 eyes for the CP group).At one year follow-up,120 eyes comprised the FLACS group and 265 eyes for the CP group.MRSE in the FLACS group was−0.16±0.58 D and−0.20±0.52 D in the CP group(P=0.50).UDVA in the FLACS group was 20/25(mean logMAR 0.12±0.13)and 20/25(mean logMAR 0.11±0.13)in the CP group(P=0.48).CDVA was 20/20(mean logMAR 0.03±0.07)in the FLACS group and 20/20(mean logMAR 0.02±0.06)in the CP group(P=0.15).No statistically significant trend was seen for FLACS versus CP by intraocular type for visual acuity.CDE for the different cataract grades ranged from 6.97±5.74 to 29.02±16.07 in the FLACS group and 7.59±6.42 to 35.69±18.30 in the CP group.The FLACS group was significantly lower for post-operative central corneal edema(P=0.05),cells and flare(P=0.01),and endothelial cell loss(P=0.04).Conclusions:Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery and conventional phacoemulsification had similar refractive and visual outcomes.Phacoemulsification energy,anterior chamber inflammation and corneal endothelial cell loss were less in the femtosecond laser group. | Robert Edward Ty Ang Michelle Marie Salcedo Quinto Emerson Marquez Cruz Mark Christian Reyes Rivera Gladness Henna Austria Martinez | 2018 | Eye and Vision2018，5，1： | 10 |
| 13 | 全球重要农业文化遗产——中国浙江青田稻鱼共生系统项目实施框架显示文摘水稻是世界上最主要的农作物之一。长期以来,亚洲许多地方一直有在稻田中养鱼(并作或连作)的传统。据历史记录和考古研究成果,中国稻田养鱼的历史可以追溯到2000多年以前。稻鱼共生系统不仅是一种独特的生产方式,而且还是一种具有丰富内涵的传统文化。稻鱼共生系统可以提供多种产品和服务功能:保障粮食安全,提高营养水平,增加农民收入,防止疟疾传染,生物多样性保护,病虫害控制,促进授粉过程,促进碳氮循环,水土保持,以及文化传承和休憩等。但是,正像其他许多传统农业技术一样,由于受到快速经济增长、城市化和现代农业技术的影响,稻鱼共生系统也面临着严峻威胁。中国是联合国首批农业文化遗产保护试点国家之一,浙江省青田县龙现村的传统稻鱼共生系统被列为首批试点之一,其目的就是开发出一种农业文化遗产'动态保护和适应性管理'的方法论并进行推广。本文是按照粮农组织要求所编制的项目实施的国家框架,在全面分析中国,特别是青田稻鱼共生系统发展历史和基本特征的基础上,确定了项目实施的总体目标和具体目标。根据项目的总体要求和稻鱼共生系统在我国的发展前景,预期的主要成果包括:建立国家农业文化遗产认定标准体系,确定国家农业文化遗产名录,并作为推荐为全球重要农业文化遗产的基础;促进将全球重要农业文化遗产中具有重要意义的农业生物多样性的保护和适应性管理纳入国家有关部门的保护和发展规划与政策中;通过对社区广泛参与,促进试点地方的具有全球意义的农业生物多样性得到可持续的利用与保护,并通过采取适当的技术和政策手段促进传统农业系统生态过程与文化过程的发展;将试点所得到的经验向更大范围进行推广,建立国家农业文化遗产保护网络,促进全球农业文化遗产网络的建立。此外,还介绍了为达到这些目标所应采取的措施和开展的具体活动,提出了促进机制建设、资金支持、社会发展、生态保护的可持续性途径,给出了促进项目实施的具体执行框架和各利益相关方的责任与义务。 | 闵庆文 孙业红 Frank van Schoubroeck 梁洛辉 Mary Jane Dela Cruz | 2009 | 资源科学2009，31，1： | 10 |
| 14 | Hepatic abscess induced by foreign body:Case report and literature review显示文摘Hepatic abscess due to perforation of the gastrointestinal tract caused by ingested foreign bodies is uncommon. Pre-operative diagnosis is difficult as patients are often unaware of the foreign body ingestion and symptoms and imagiology are usually non-specific. The authors report a case of 62-year-old woman who was admitted with fever and abdominal pain. Further investigation revealed hepatic abscess, without resolution despite antibiotic therapy. A liver abscess resulting from perforation and intra-hepatic migration of a bone coming from the pilorum was diagnosed by surgery. The literature concerning foreign body-induced perforation of the gastrointestinal tract complicated by liver abscess is reviewed. | Sofia A Santos Sara CF Alberto Elsa Cruz Eduardo Pires Tomás Figueira lia Coimbra José Estevez Mário Oliveira Luís Novais Joo R Deus | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，9： | 10 |
| 15 | Update on hepatitis B and C virus diagnosis显示文摘Viral hepatitis B and C virus(HBV and HCV) are responsible for the most of chronic liver disease worldwide and are transmitted by parenteral route, sexual and vertical transmission. One important measure to reduce the burden of these infections is the diagnosis of acute and chronic cases of HBV and HCV. In order to provide an effective diagnosis and monitoring of antiviral treatment, it is important to choose sensitive, rapid, inexpensive, and robust analytical methods. Primary diagnosis of HBV and HCV infection is made by using serological tests for detecting antigens and antibodies against these viruses. In order to confirm primary diagnosis, to quantify viral load, to determine genotypes and resistance mutants for antiviral treatment, qualitative and quantitative molecular tests are used. In this manuscript, we review the current serological and molecular methods for the diagnosis of hepatitis B and C. | Livia Melo Villar Helena Medina Cruz Jakeline Ribeiro Barbosa Cristianne Sousa Bezerra Moyra Machado Portilho Letícia de Paula Scalioni | 2015 | World Journal of Virology2015，4，4： | 9 |
| 16 | Physiopathology of ischemic stroke and its modulation using memantine:evidence from preclinical stroke显示文摘Ischemic stroke is the most common type of cerebrovascular disease and is caused by an interruption of blood flow in the brain.In this disease,two different damage areas are identifying:the lesion core,in which cells quickly die;and the penumbra(surrounding the lesion core),in which cells are functionally weakened but may recover and restore their functions.The currently approved treatments for ischemic stroke are the recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and endovascular thrombectomy,but they have a short therapeutic window(4.5 and 6 hours after stroke onset,respectively)and a low percentage of stroke patients actually receive these treatments.Memantine is an approved drug for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.Memantine is a noncompetitive,low affinity and use-dependent antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor.Memantine has several advantages over developing a new drug to treat focal ischemic stroke,but the most important is that it has sufficient safe probes in preclinical models and humans,and if the preclinical studies provide more evidence about pharmacological actions in tissue protection and repair,this could help to increase the number of clinical trials.The present review summarizes the physiopathology of isquemic stroke and the pharmacological actions in neuroprotection and neuroplasticity of memantine in the post stroke stage of preclinical stroke models,to illustrate their potential to improve functional recovery in human patients. | Hilda Martínez-Coria Isabel Arrieta-Cruz María-Esther Cruz Héctor E.López-Valdés | 2021 | Neural Regeneration Research2021，16，3： | 8 |
| 17 | Release of interleukin-10 and neurotrophic factors in the choroid plexus:possible inductors of neurogenesis following copolymer-1 immunization after cerebral ischemia显示文摘Copolymer-1(Cop-1) is a peptide with immunomodulatory properties, approved by the Food and Drug Administration of United States in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Cop-1 has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects and induce neurogenesis in cerebral ischemia models. Nevertheless, the mechanism involved in the neurogenic action of this compound remains unknown. The choroid plexus(CP) is a network of cells that constitute the interphase between the immune and central nervous systems, with the ability to mediate neurogenesis through the release of cytokines and growth factors. Therefore, the CP could play a role in Cop-1-induced neurogenesis. In order to determine the participation of the CP in the induction of neurogenesis after Cop-1 immunization, we evaluated the gene expression of various growth factors(brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor 1, neurotrophin-3) and cytokines(tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon-gamma, interleukin-4(IL-4), IL-10 and IL-17), in the CP at 14 days after ischemia. Furthermore, we analyzed the correlation between the expression of these genes and neurogenesis. Our results showed that Cop-1 was capable of stimulating an upregulation in the expression of the genes encoding for brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor 1, neurotrophin-3 and IL-10 in the CP, which correlated with an increase in neurogenesis in the subventricular and subgranular zone. As well, we observed a downregulation of IL-17 gene expression. This study demonstrates the effect of Cop-1 on the expression of growth factors and IL-10 in the CP, in the same way, presents a possible mechanism involved in the neurogenic effect of Cop-1. | Yolanda Cruz Edna E.García Jessica V.Gálvez Stella V.Arias-Santiago Horacio G.Carvajal Raúl Silva-García Herlinda Bonilla-Jaime Julio Rojas-Castaneda Antonio Ibarra | 2018 | Neural Regeneration Research2018，13，10： | 7 |
| 18 | hsa-miR-29c and hsa-miR-135b differential expression aspotential biomarker of gastric carcinogenesis显示文摘AIM: To investigate the expression profiles of hsa-mi R-29 c and hsa-mi R-135 b in gastric mucosal samples and their values as gastric carcinogenesis biomarkers. METHODS: The expression levels of hsa-mi R-29 c and hsa-mi R-135 b in normal gastric mucosa, non-atrophic chronic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and intestinaltype gastric adenocarcinoma were analysed using quantitative real-time PCR. The difference between hsa-mi R-29 c and hsa-mi R-135 b expression profiles in the grouped samples was evaluated by ANOVA and Student's t-test tests. The results were adjusted for multiple testing by using Bonferroni's correction. P values ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant. To evaluate hsa-mi R-29 c and hsa-mi R-135 b expressions as potential biomarkers of gastric carcinogenesis, we performed a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and the derived area under the curve, and a Categorical Principal Components Analysis. In silico identification of the genetic targets of hsa-mi R-29 c and hsa-mi R-135 b was performed using different prediction tools, in order to identify possible genes involved in gastric carcinogenesis.RESULTS: The expression levels of hsa-mi R-29 c were higher in normal gastric mucosal samples, and decreased progressively in non-atrophic chronic gastritis samples, intestinal metaplasia samples and intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma samples. The expression of hsa-mi R-29 c in the gastric lesions showed that non-atrophic gastritis have an intermediate profile to gastric normal mucosa and intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma, and that intestinal metaplasia samples presented an expression pattern similar to that in intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma. This micro RNA(mi RNA) has a good discriminatory accuracy between normal gastric samples and(1) intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma; and(2) intestinal metaplasia, and regulates the DMNT3 A oncogene. hsa-mi R-135 b is up-regulated in non-atrophic chronic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia samples and down-regulated in normal gastric mucosa and intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma samples. Non-atrophic chronic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia are significantly different from normal gastric mucosa samples. hsa-mi R-135 b expression presented a greater discriminatory accuracy between normal samples and gastric lesions. This mi RNA was associated with Helicobacter pylori presence in non-atrophic chronic gastritis samples and regulates the APC and KLF4 tumour suppressor genes.CONCLUSION: Our results provide evidence of epigenetic alterations in non-atrophic chronic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia and suggest that hsa-mi R-29 c and hsa-mi R-135 b are promising biomarkers of gastric carcinogenesis. | Amanda Ferreira Vidal Aline MP Cruz Leandro Magalhães Adenilson L Pereira Ana KM Anaissi Nélisson CF Alves Paulo JBS Albuquerque Rommel MR Burbano Samia Demachki Ândrea Ribeiro-dos-Santos | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，6： | 7 |
| 19 | Animal models of acute gastric mucosal injury: Macroscopic and microscopic evaluation显示文摘Acute gastric mucosal injury is a common disorder of the gastrointestinal tract and the search for new therapeutics is ongoing. The aim of this study is to update and expand the information related to the most widely used rat models of acute gastric ulcer, the ethanol‐induced ulcer and the indomethacin‐induced ulcer. These two models are compared in terms of macroscopic and microscopic features. Experimentally, ethanol was given orally in a single dose and indomethacin was subcutaneously injected into male Wistar rats. After ulcerative challenges, the stomachs were removed and visually inspected. Anti‐ulcerative drugs were used to validate the models. Histological analysis of the stomachs determined the microscopic score. The methodology used for model evaluation applied to macroscopic and microscopic gastric lesions. With these methods it was possible to induce lesions in the gastric mucosa. Microscopic evaluation permitted assessment of the inflammatory and apoptotic impact in the mucosa not observable by macroscopic evaluation. Groups of animals were treated with two standard drugs: sulcralfate suspension or lansoprazole solution. Both drugs reduced macroscopic and microscopic lesions, particularly the hemorrhagic ones. Both models induced acute gastric mucosal injury and no single evaluation method can address all the aspects of the pathology of gastric lesions. As a complement to macroscopic evaluation, microscopy appears to be a relevant tool to selectively identify specific aspects of the development of mucosal injury, quantify the extent of lesions, and contribute to an appropriate interpretation of results. The score systems established here offer a reliable method for testing antiulcer drugs. | Sandra Simoes Rui Lopes Maria Celeste Dias Campos Maria Joao Marruz Maria Eugenia Meirinhos da Cruz Luisa Corvo | 2019 | Animal Models and Experimental Medicine2019，2，2： | 7 |
| 20 | Immunohistochemical expression of SP-NK-1R-EGFR pathway and VDR in colonic inflammation and neoplasia显示文摘AIM:To determine the expression of neurokinin-1receptor(NK-1R),phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor(p EGFR),cyclooxygenase-2(Cox-2),and vitamin D receptor(VDR)in normal,inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),and colorectal neoplasia tissues from Puerto Ricans.METHODS:Tissues from patients with IBD,colitisassociated colorectal cancer(CAC),sporadic dysplasia,and sporadic colorectal cancer(CRC),as well as normal controls,were identified at several centers in Puerto Rico.Archival formalin-fixed,paraffin-embedded tissues were de-identified and processed by immunohistochemistry for NK-1R,p EGFR,Cox-2,and VDR.Pictures of representative areas of each tissues diagnosis were taken and scored by three observers using a4-point scale that assessed intensity of staining.Tissues with CAC were further analyzed by photographing representative areas of IBD and the different grades of dysplasia,in addition to the areas of cancer,within each tissue.Differences in the average age between the five patient groups were assessed with one-way analysis of variance and Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons test.The mean scores for normal tissues and tissues with IBD,dysplasia,CRC,and CAC were calculatedand statistically compared using one-way analysis of variance and Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test.Correlations between protein expression patterns were analyzed with the Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient.Data are presented as mean±SE.RESULTS:On average,patients with IBD were younger(34.60±5.81)than normal(63.20±6.13,P<0.01),sporadic dysplasia(68.80±4.42,P<0.01),sporadic cancer(74.80±4.91,P<0.001),and CAC(57.50±5.11,P<0.05)patients.NK-1R in cancer tissue(sporadic CRC,1.73±0.34;CAC,1.57±0.53)and sporadic dysplasia(2.00±0.45)were higher than in normal tissues(0.73±0.19).p EGFR was significantly increased in sporadic CRC(1.53±0.43)and CAC(2.25±0.47)when compared to normal tissue(0.07±0.25,P<0.05,P<0.001,respectively).Cox-2 was significantly increased in sporadic colorectal cancer(2.20±0.23 vs 0.80±0.37 for normal tissues,P<0.05).In comparison to normal(2.80±0.13)and CAC(2.50±0.33)tissues,VDR was significantly decreased in sporadic dysplasia(0.00±0.00,P<0.001 vs normal,P<0.001 vs CAC)and sporadic CRC(0.47±0.23,P<0.001 vs normal,P<0.001 vs CAC).VDR levels negatively correlated with NK-1R(r=-0.48)and p EGFR(r=-0.56)in normal,IBD,sporadic dysplasia and sporadic CRC tissue,but not in CAC.CONCLUSION:Immunohistochemical NK-1R and p EGFR positivity with VDR negativity can be used to identify areas of sporadic colorectal neoplasia.VDR immunoreactivity can distinguish CAC from sporadic cancer. | Raymond A Isidro Myrella L Cruz Angel A Isidro Axel Baez Axel Arroyo William A González-Marqués Carmen González-Keelan Esther A Torres Caroline B Appleyard | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，6： | 7 |
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