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| 1 | 辣椒热泵干燥特性及工艺参数优化显示文摘为了提高干制辣椒品质,降低干燥能耗,该文应用热泵干燥技术干燥辣椒。首先探究干燥温度和铺料厚度对干燥特性的影响,绘制出含水率和干燥速率变化曲线。在此基础上,将分阶段控温和改变铺料厚度结合起来对辣椒进行热泵干燥,运用响应面法中的Box-Behnken设计,考察第一阶段温度、第二阶段温度、铺料厚度和三者的交互作用对品质得分、单位能耗、干燥时间的影响,并建立回归方程,得出最佳工艺参数。结论如下:温度越高,干燥速率越大,含水率下降越快;铺料厚度越大,干燥速率越小,含水率下降越慢;第一阶段温度是影响单位能耗的主要因素(P<0.05),较低的第一阶段温度能降低单位能耗;第二阶段温度对品质得分影响显著(P<0.05),对干燥时间影响极显著(P<0.01),第二阶段温度在60℃左右时能得到品质较佳的干辣椒,且在一定程度上提高了干燥效率;铺料厚度对品质得分、干燥时间的影响极显著(P<0.01),对单位能耗的影响显著(P<0.05),铺料厚度在45 mm左右干燥获得的辣椒品质较佳,而且能节约能耗,提高干燥效率。综合优化参数为:第一阶段温度48℃、第二阶段温度61℃、铺料厚度44 mm,在此工艺条件下获得的干燥辣椒品质得分为8.64,单位能耗为92.05 k J/kg,干燥时间为896.02 min。研究结果为热泵干燥技术应用于辣椒干制提供参考。 | 姬长英 蒋思杰 张波 郭俊 Muhammad Sohail Memon | 2017 | 农业工程学报2017，33，13： | 30 |
| 2 | 仿鼹鼠足趾排列的旋耕-秸秆粉碎锯齿刀片设计与试验显示文摘随着保护性耕作的不断发展,实际作业中对旋耕刀性能要求愈发严格,该文在国标旋耕刀基础上,将正、侧切削刃上设计成锯齿状,然后考察实际作业过程中功耗、受力以及作业质量,检测仿鼹鼠足趾排列的旋耕-秸秆粉碎锯齿刀片的田间作业功耗和作业质量。针对该锯齿刀片和国标旋耕刀片在有秸秆颗粒和无秸秆颗粒下进行仿真分析,对比可知:在有秸秆颗粒下,由于刀具要与秸秆接触并发生挤压和剪切作用,从而导致受力以及扭矩值较大。结合理论分析,利用扭矩传感器对仿生锯齿刀和国标旋耕刀进行田间试验。根据0.5 m×0.5 m地表设置不同质量秸秆,分别为0、0.375和0.75 kg(0%、50%、100%),测定拖拉机输出扭矩以及功耗,并依照国标测试方法测定作业质量。田间试验得到扭矩与仿真变化趋势一致。当地表无秸秆和地表含50%秸秆时,锯齿刀片扭矩分别为404.05和438.33 N·m;国标旋耕刀片上扭矩分别为389.27和443.79 N·m。当地表秸秆质量分数为100%时,锯齿刀和国标旋耕刀片上扭矩分别为557.92和507.34 N·m。耕作后地表秸秆和土壤评价结果显示:不同质量含量秸秆覆盖下,仿生锯齿刀耕作后的秸秆掩埋率、土壤破碎率、长度≤15 cm秸秆比例等方面都优于国标旋耕刀。田间试验和仿真结果都显示当地表覆盖秸秆量为0%和100%时,仿生锯齿刀的扭矩高于国标旋耕刀。虽然仿生锯齿刀只在秸秆覆盖量为50%时扭矩与功耗优于国标旋耕刀,但在3种秸秆覆盖量下仿生锯齿刀的耕后地表质量都明显优于国标旋耕刀。综上考虑,在实际作业中,可适当收集田间秸秆。该研究为实现只应用一种刀片来完成旋耕和秸秆粉碎2种不同作业目标提供了参考。 | 郭俊 张庆怡 Muhammad Sohail Memon 姬长英 赵正 | 2017 | 农业工程学报2017，33，6： | 27 |
| 3 | 中国电动拖拉机研究进展显示文摘作为解决能源短缺和环境污染的主要措施,电动车辆发展得到世界各国广泛认同。与电动汽车相比,电动拖拉机发展较为缓慢,随着相关基础研究的不断进步,电动拖拉机经过电网供电第一发展阶段,已经进入车载电源供电第二发展阶段。通过筛选第二发展阶段相关研究成果,从整机结构设计及其性能分析、电池及能量管理、电机驱动及其控制、系统仿真技术和其他相关研究等五个方面总结中国电动拖拉机研究进展。电动拖拉机整机结构不必完全遵循拖拉机传统方式,应以适应农业作业环境为导向,提升作业性能为要求为方向。加快第二代动力锂电池在电动拖拉机中的应用,设计符合农业工况的拖拉机用电池能量管理系统。紧密联系电机研发厂商,开发适合农用的电机及其驱动和控制技术。进一步探索电动拖拉机系统仿真技术,以加快电动拖拉机开发速度。要以第三代智能控制理论为发展方向,全面提升电动拖拉机的智能化作业能力和使用性能,实现我国农业机械的跨越式发展。 | 沈文龙 周俊 姬长英 顾宝兴 Muhammad Sohail Memon | 2017 | 中国农机化学报2017，38，10： | 23 |
| 4 | 中小型规模智慧农业物联网终端节点设计显示文摘为了能够向中小规模农业生产经营者提供深度定制的农业物联网技术,该研究研发了一种可用于农业设备信息化的智慧农业物联网终端节点。通过该终端节点将农业设备柔性接入物联网体系,并依托管理服务层App实现应用层App功能开发。系统硬件利用可编程片上系统的IP核重用技术实现对各种农业设备的接入,实现各农业场景中根据设备具体情况进行定制化应用。系统传输层采用LoRa广域网与蓝牙技术,支撑集中式与分布式农业管理服务体系。管理服务层App对底层节点设备操作与Android功能操作进行封装,实现应用层与底层功能结构的解耦,避免了应用层App开发时结构复杂、对底层功能结构变化适应性差、开发周期长等问题。实践应用结果表明,该农业物联网终端节点可有效实现对农业设备的接入,具有1500VDC的电磁隔离能力;节点的LoRa无线数据通道在无严重降雨的天气中数据包传输成功率接近100%,蓝牙可支持周围3m范围内的移动设备现场接入;管理服务层App可有效支撑应用层功能快速开发;在直连上位机模式下,应用层App到节点设备间的功能延时分别小于400与1700 ms,系统运行稳定,功能支撑可靠。该方法可为国内中小规模农业经营者的物联网信息化建设提供支持与参考。 | 万雪芬 郑涛 崔剑 蒋学芹 Sardar Muhammad Sohail 杨义 | 2020 | 农业工程学报2020，36，13： | 21 |
| 5 | 地下LoRa无线传感器网络的传输测试系统研究显示文摘【目的】以智能手机为核心,研制成本低、使用简单的面向LoRa地下无线数据传输的测试系统。【方法】该测试系统由安装了测试用的App智能手机和与之匹配的地下测试节点组成。利用该系统进行场景测试,测定影响土壤中LoRa无线数据传输效果的因素并讨论对应的数据传输方法。【结果】测试结果表明,该系统运行可靠、使用方便灵活,LoRa低功耗广域网技术亦可以较为可靠地满足土壤介质中的无线传感器网络数据传输需求。【结论】本系统可为未来地下LoRa无线传感器网络的工程应用提供相应的测试手段。 | 万雪芬 崔剑 杨义 蒋学芹 Sardar Muhammad SOHAIL | 2018 | 华南农业大学学报2018，39，3： | 19 |
| 6 | 基于智能手机的LoRa无线传输效能测试研究显示文摘基于LoRa的低功耗广域网技术有望成为未来物联网的主干支撑技术之一。为了给工作在不同应用环境中的LoRa无线传感器网络节点间的传输提供简单有效、易于使用、成本低廉的测试手段,提出一种基于智能手机的LoRa无线传输效能测试系统。该系统由智能手机及与之配套的低成本测试节点组成。对组成系统的智能手机端App及测试节点设计进行讨论,系统完成后利用其在智能楼宇与智慧农业的应用场景下进行测试。测试结果表明,LoRa无线传输在不同的应用环境中会受到外界因素的干扰,通过本系统可方便、有效、快捷地获得分散在较长时间周期内的数据,为基于LoRa的无线传感器网络在设计、安装与维护中提供以数据传输效果为表征的参考测试数据。 | 万雪芬 崔剑 杨义 蒋学芹 SARDAR Muhammad Sohail | 2018 | 现代电子技术2018，41，21： | 10 |
| 7 | 用于煤矿设备信息化升级的无线数据传输节点显示文摘针对现有煤矿无线数据传输技术存在多径效应显著、传输距离短、耐噪特性较差和灵敏度较低等不足,以及煤炭行业大规模设备信息互联互通的需求,设计了用于煤矿设备信息化升级的无线数据传输节点。该节点通过LoRa-CSS技术建立设备间的可靠无线数据通道,利用基于IP核结构的可编程片上系统PSoC灵活适配各种煤矿设备的数据接口,并采用统一规格化数据格式进行指令和数据信息交互。电磁隔离特性测试结果表明,该节点具有较强的隔离特性,不受冲击电压影响,可以有效地将短时高强度浪涌信号降到设备容限值以下。实际应用结果表明,各无线数据传输节点与上位机和煤矿设备之间的数据通信效果较为理想,可以有效地构建由中心站到设备的稳定数据传输通道。 | 万雪芬 崔剑 杨义 SARDAR Muhammad Sohail | 2019 | 工矿自动化2019，45，6： | 8 |
| 8 | 基于LoRa与可编程片上系统的纺织设备无线数传节点显示文摘为满足纺织企业设备信息化、智能化升级中对无线数据传输的需求,基于LoRa技术,并结合可编程片上系统,设计一种可用于纺织设备的无线数传节点。该节点具有功能伸缩性强、传输效果好、使用方便、网络拓扑简洁、面向设备开发维护便捷、电磁隔离效果好、成本低廉等优点。测试结果表明,该无线数传节点可以有效地作为纺织企业中设备无线信息交互的手段。 | 万雪芬 杨义 崔剑 Sardar Muhammad Sohail 兰芸 | 2019 | 现代电子技术2019，42，7： | 7 |
| 9 | “新医科”背景下泌尿外科双语教学模式在“5+3”一体化医学生规培中的应用显示文摘目的研究“新医科”背景下泌尿外科双语教学模式在“5+3”一体化医学生规培轮转中的应用效果,探索提高专业英语水平的方法。方法选择于我院泌尿外科规培的“5+3”一体化医学生70人,随机分为对照组及观察组,分别有35人,对照组采用常规住院医师规范化培训带教模式,观察组采用双语教学模式并有留学生参与,规培1月后分别进行英文水平测试、教育环境量表评估并进行教学评价。结果干预后对照组英文翻译、病例分析较干预前未见显著性差异(P>0.05),干预后观察组英文翻译、病例分析较干预前显著升高(P<0.05),显著高于对照组干预后成绩(P<0.05)。比较两组DREEM评分,观察组对学习的知觉、对教师的知觉、对学术的知觉评分较对照组均有显著性升高(P<0.05)。观察组增加学习兴趣、拓宽国际化视野和学习气氛评分较对照组均有明显升高(P<0.05)。结论采用双语教学模式可以提高“新医科”背景下“5+3”一体化医学生的专业英语水平、英文学习能力和对学术认知,采用双语教学对提高泌尿外科规培带教质量有积极的意义。 | 张连栋 李和程 高明 张鹏 种铁 Muhammad Sohail Khan 王子明 | 2022 | 医学教育研究与实践2022，30，1： | 6 |
| 10 | NS1 antigen: A new beam of light in the early diagnosis of dengue infection显示文摘Objective: To evaluate NS1 antigen detection ELISA for the early laboratory diagnosis of dengue virus infection. Methods: The present study was conducted to evaluate the overall positivity of NS1 antigen detection ELISA and its comparison with viral RNA detection via real time PCR and Ig M antibodies detection by ELISA. Results: A total of 1 270 serum samples were tested 86%(1 097/1 270) were detected positive by one or more than one diagnostic test. Out of 1 270, 64%(807/1 270) were positive by NS1 ELISA and 52%(662/1 270), 51%(646/1 270) were positive by real-time RT-PCR and Ig M ELISA respectively.Conclusions: NS1 antigen detection ELISA is highly suitable diagnostic tools and it also has great value for use in outbreak and epidemic situation. | Muhammad Suleman Rani Faryal Muhammad Masroor Alam Salmaan Sharif Shahzad Shaukat Uzma Bashir Aamir Adnan Khurshid Mehar Angez Massab Umair Mian Muhammad Sufian Yasir Arshad Ghulam Mujtaba Syed Sohail Zahoor Zaidi | 2016 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2016，9，12： | 6 |
| 11 | Compliant lightweight non-invasive standalone“Marine Skin”tagging system显示文摘Current marine research primarily depends on weighty and invasive sensory equipment and telemetric network to understand the marine environment,including the diverse fauna it contains,as a function of animal behavior and size,as well as equipment longevity.To match animal morphology and activity within the surrounding marine environment,here we show a physically flexible and stretchable skin-like and waterproof autonomous multifunctional system,integrating Bluetooth,memory chip,and high performance physical sensors.The sensory tag is mounted on a swimming crab(Portunus pelagicus)and is capable of continuous logging of depth,temperature,and salinity within the harsh ocean environment.The fully packaged,ultra-lightweight(<2.4 g in water),and compliant“Marine Skin”system does not have any wired connection enabling safe and weightless cuttingedge approach to monitor and assess marine life and the ecosystem’s health to support conservation and management of marine ecosystems. | Joanna M.Nassar Sherjeel M.Khan Seneca J.Velling Andrea Diaz-Gaxiola Sohail F.Shaikh Nathan R.Geraldi Galo A.Torres Sevilla Carlos M.Duarte Muhammad M.Hussain | 2018 | npj Flexible Electronics2018，2，1： | 4 |
| 12 | Prussian blue and its analogues as advanced supercapacitor electrodes显示文摘Remarkable attention has been directed to Prussian blue(PB) and its analogues(PBA) as one of the most widely used metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) especially in the field of energy storage devices due to their fabulous features such as 3D open framework, high surface area, controllable distribution of pores and the low cost. Nevertheless, their depressed conductivity causes some insulation when being used as an electrode for supercapacitors leading to be restricted in further applications particularly the electronics. To the best of our knowledge, our review aimed primarily to give a total picture of the research that was done on utilizing PB and PBA for fabricating the electrodes of supercapacitor, studying their synthesis approaches in addition to the hybridization with other materials such as graphene, CNTs and conducting polymer. It also addresses the transformation of PB or PBA into other interesting nanostructures such as oxides, sulfides, and bicomponent of graphitic carbon nitride/metal oxides, as well. Furthermore,It exhibits various avenues for overcoming their disadvantages of bad cycle life, retention rate and not achieving the desired values of energy/power densities opening the door for enlarging the number of researches on their application as supercapacitors. | Emad S.Goda Seungho Lee Muhammad Sohail Kuk Ro Yoon | 2020 | Journal of Energy Chemistry2020，29，11： | 3 |
| 13 | Luminous composite ultrathin films of CdTe quantum dots/silk fibroin co-assembled with layered doubled hydroxide:Enhanced photoluminescence and biosensor application显示文摘Quantum dots(QDs)luminescent films are extensively applied to optoelectronics and optical devices.However,QDs aggregation results in the quenching of their fluorescence property which limits their practical applications to a greater extent.In order to resolve this issue,3-mercaptopropionic acid(3-MPA)functionalized Cadmium Tellurium(CdTe)QDs were stabilized by silk fibroin(SB)and coassembled with layered doubled hydroxide(LDH)to form(QDs@SF/LDH)_(n)ultrathin films(UTFs)via the layer-by-layer(LBL)technique.UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy showed a stepwise and normal growth of the films upon increasing the number of deposition cycles.XRD and AFM studies confirmed the formation of a periodic layered structure and regular surface morphology of the thin films.As compared to(CdTe QDs/LDH)_(n)UTFs,the(CdTe QDs@SF/LDH)_(n)UTFs displayed fluorescence enhancement and longer fluorescent lifetime,both in solid states and aqueous solutions.Furthermore compared with the solution state,the fluorescence enhancement of SF-RC and SF-β are,respectively,7 times and 17 times in the(CdTe QDs@SF/LDH)_(n)UTFs,indicating that the LDH nanosheets favor the fluorescence enhancement effect on the CdTe QDs@SF.The fabricated materials displayed fluorescence response to a biological molecule such as immune globulin,lgG.Thus,the(CdTe QDs@SF/LDH)_(n)UTFs has a potential to be used as biosensor. | Muhammad Sohail Haroone Ling Li Aftab Ahmad Yaping Huang Ruili Ma Ping Zhang Yuehua Hu Qari Muhammad Kaleem Jun Lu | 2018 | Journal of Materiomics2018，4，2： | 3 |
| 14 | Mutagenic and cytotoxic potential of Endosulfan and Lambda-cyhalothrin—In vitro study describing individual and combined effects of pesticides显示文摘Excessive use of pesticides poses increased risks to non target species including humans. In the developing countries, lack of proper awareness about the toxic potential of pesticides makes the farmer more vulnerable to pesticide linked toxicities, which could lead to diverse pathological conditions. The toxic potential of a pesticide could be determined by their ability to induce genetic mutations and cytotoxicity. Hence, determination of genetic mutation and cytotoxicity of each pesticide is unavoidable to legislate health and safety appraisal about pesticides. The objective of current investigation was to determine the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of Endosulfan(EN) and Lambda-cyhalothrin(LC); individually and in combination. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide(MTT) assay was utilized to determine cytotoxicity, while two mutant histidine dependent Salmonella strains(TA98, TA100) were used to determine the mutagenicity of EN and LC.Moreover, mutagenicity assay was conducted with and without S9 to evaluate the effects of metabolic activation on mutagenicity. Even though a dose dependent increase in the number of revertant colonies was detected with EN against both bacterial strains, a highly significant(p < 0.05) increase in the mutagenicity was detected in TA98 with S9. In comparison, data obtained from LC revealed less mutagenic potential than EN. Surprisingly,the non-mutagenic individual-concentrations of EN and LC showed dose dependent mutagenicity when combined. Combination of EN and LC synergistically induced mutagenicity both in TA98 and TA100. MTT assay spotlighted comparable dose dependent cytotoxicity effects of both pesticides. Interestingly, the combination of EN and LC produced increased reversion and cytotoxicity at lower doses as compared to each pesticide, concluding that pesticide exposure even at sub-lethal doses can produce cytotoxicity and genetic mutations, which could lead to carcinogenicity. | Umber Saleem Sohail Ejaz Muhammad Ashraf Muhammad Ovais Omer Imran Iltaf Zainab Batool Riffat Fatima Msbah Afzal | 2014 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2014，26，7： | 3 |
| 15 | 面向农业观光服务的无线传感网节点布局优化显示文摘【目的】探讨面向农业观光园区分布式服务的无线传感器网络节点布局优化方案,为提高农业观光园区服务质量及提升游客游园体验提供依据。【方法】利用社会力模型结合观光园区规划信息,采用Anylogic行人仿真平台获取游客在园中的空间分布数据,用传统K-means算法和改进K-means算法分别对游客空间分布数据进行聚类分析,并根据节点优化布局评价指标,计算节点最优位置。【结果】采用传统K-means算法和改进K-means算法对选取的12组游客空间分布数据进行单日游客聚类分析得到两组节点位置;改进K-means算法聚类得到的节点最终位置对节点被接入次数的均衡效果均优于传统K-means算法,其节点被接入次数均方差的均值降低约41.8%。因此,改进K-means算法更适合运用于观光园区节点的布局优化,得到的节点最终位置即为该观光园区节点最优位置。【建议】在面向农业观光服务的混合型无线传感器网络建设中,应基于社会力模型预估游客空间分布,实现观光服务优化;通过合理部署节点位置,延长融合智能设备的混合型无线传感器网络生存时间;更好地打造面向游客服务、整合移动智能设备的农业物联网系统。 | 杨义 张静文 万雪芬 郑涛 崔剑 Sardar Muhammad Sohail | 2018 | 南方农业学报2018，49，8： | 3 |
| 16 | Diagnostically untypable hepatitis C virus variants:It is time to resolve the problem显示文摘Pakistan is a low income country with more than 10million hepatitis C virus(HCV)infections and the burden is on continuous raise.Accurate viral genotyping is very critical for proper treatment of the infected individuals as the sustained virological response of the standard antiviral interferon therapy is genotype dependent.We observed at our diagnostic center that15.6%of HCV patient’s samples were not genotypeable by using Ohno et al method.The genotyped samples showed that 3a(68.3%)is the major prevalent genotype in Pakistan followed by 2a(10.3%),3b(2.6%),1b(1.5%),2b(1.2%)and 1a(0.5%).Presence of large number of untypable HCV variants in the current study highlights an important issue of health care setup in Pakistan.Untypable HCV cases create difficulties in treatment of these patients.The problem of routine diagnostics setup of Pakistan should be addressed on priority basis to facilitate the medical professionals in patient’s treatment and to help in achieving the maximum sustained virological response. | Muhammad Sohail Afzal Muhammad Yousaf Khan Muhammad Ammar Sadia Anjum Najm us Sahar Sadaf Zaidi | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，46： | 2 |
| 17 | Primary esophageal tuberculosis mimicking esophageal carcinoma on computed tomography: A case report显示文摘BACKGROUND Tuberculosis(TB)has a rare extrapulmonary manifestation known as esophageal tuberculosis,accounting for 0.2%of total TB patients.Esophageal TB typically presents with dysphagia,with retrosternal pain or odynophagia,but generalized symptoms such as low-grade fever,decreased appetite,and weight loss are also observed.Esophageal carcinoma and Crohn’s disease of the esophagus are important differential diagnoses with similar presentation.CASE SUMMARY We present a case of a 25-year-old male,who presented with esophageal TB mimicking an esophageal carcinoma.Lab work-up,Mantoux test,and chest X-ray were normal.Barium-swallow examination showed moderate dilatation of distal esophagus with a nodular and irregular mucosa.Computed tomography showed significant thickening of thoracic and distal esophagus with infiltration into the lesser omentum and large,centrally necrotic lymph nodes on gastro-hepatic ligament suggestive of a possible malignancy.Esophagoscopy was performed and a biopsy of mural thickening was performed and sent for histopathological examination.The histopathology report and TB-polymerase chain reaction confirmed the diagnosis of esophageal TB.The patient was started on antituberculous therapy(ATT),and complete resolution of symptoms and disease was achieved in 6 mo.CONCLUSION Esophageal TB is an extremely rare,yet important differential diagnosis in a patient presenting with dysphagia.Esophageal TB can mimic esophageal carcinoma on computed tomography scan.The patient responded well to a complete course of ATT. | Muhammad Salman Khan Muhammad Hassaan Arif Maan Amir Humza Sohail Wasim Ahmed Memon | 2019 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2019，11，9： | 2 |
| 18 | Why more research needs to be done on echinococcosis in Pakistan显示文摘Background:Echinococcosis has a worldwide geographical distribution with endemic foci on every inhabited continent.Due to the frequent outbreaks in different parts of Pakistan in the recent past,echinococcosis is being described as a neglected tropical disease and is considered one of the most neglected parasitic diseases in the country.In endemic regions,predominantly settings with limited resources,there are high numbers of echinococcosis patients,as these communities do not have access to appropriate treatment.In Pakistan,there are limited reports on echinococcosis.The disease is prevalent in human and livestock,but this has not been sufficiently explored yet.Pakistan is an agricultural country and due to the disease’s zoonotic mode of transmission,there is a dire need of future research on it.The present paper is an effort to highlight the importance of echinococcosis in Pakistan.Discussion:There is a dire need for future research on echinococcosis in Pakistan as very few investigations had been carried out on this topic thus far.The prevalence of the disease in neighbouring countries highlights that Pakistan might be at severe risk of this zoonotic infection and further supports the need for more research.In Pakistan,the majority of the population lives in rural areas with limited acess to proper hygienic/sanitary facilities.These conditions favour the outbreak of diseases such as echinococcosis.The limited available data could result in higher outbreaks in the future,and thus cause the already weak healthcare system to overburden.The country has a meagre annual budget for health,which is being spent on known infections such as polio,dengue fever and hepatic viral infections.A proper surveillance system for echinococcosis is required across the country as treatment is usually expensive,complicated and may require extensive surgery and/or prolonged drug therapy.Development of new/novel drugs and other treatment modalities receives very little,if any,attention.Prognostic awareness programmes against this infection involve deworming of the infected animals,improved food inspection and slaughterhouse hygiene,and public education campaigns.Conclusion:Future research on echinococcosis is anticipated to demonstrate whether the epidemiology,diagnosis and recombinant vaccines/antibodies relating to echinococcosis can meet the quality standards(purity,potency,safety and efficacy)defined by the World Health Organization.Research work should be carried out on the epidemiology and serodiagnosis of echinocossis in the different areas of Pakistan,which will be useful for the proper eradication of echinococcosis in this region.The health department should implement awareness-raising campaigns for the general public in order to reduce the burden of disease. | Haroon Ahmed Shahzad Ali Muhammad Sohail Afzal Abid Ali Khan Hamid Raza Zaheer Hussain Shah Sami Simsek | 2017 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2017，6，1： | 2 |
| 19 | Management and Outcome of Permanent Pacemaker and Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Infections显示文摘 | Muhammad R. Sohail Daniel Z. Uslan Akbar H. Khan Paul A. Friedman David L. Hayes Walter R. Wilson James M. Steckelberg Sarah Stoner Larry M. Baddour | 2007 | Journal of the American College of Cardiology2007，，18： | 2 |
| 20 | High Refractive Index Ti3O5 Films for Dielectric Metasurfaces显示文摘Ti_3 O_5 films are deposited with the help of an electron beam evaporator for their applications in metasurfaces.The film of subwavelength(632 nm) thickness is deposited on a silicon substrate and annealed at 400°C. The ellipsometr.y result shows a high refractive index above 2.5 with the minimum absorption coefficient in the visible region, which is necessary for high efficiency of transparent metasurfaces. Atomic force microscopy analysis is employed to measure the roughness of the as-deposited films. It is seen from micrographs that the deposited films are very smooth with the minimum roughness to prevent scattering and absorption losses for metasurface devices. The absence of grains and cracks can be seen by scanning electron microscope analysis, which is favorable for electron beam lithography. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy reveals the transmission and reflection obtained from the film deposited on glass substrates. The as-deposited film shows high transmission above 60%,whieh is in good agreement with metasurfaces. | Sohail Abdul Jalil Mahreen Akram Gwanho Yoon Ayesha Khalid Dasol Lee Niloufar Raeis-Hosseini Sunae So Inki Kim Qazi Salman Ahmed Junsuk Rho Muhammad Qasim Mehmoo | 2017 | Chinese Physics Letters2017，34，8： | 2 |
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