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| 1 | Engineering Broad-Spectrum Bacterial Blight Resistance by Simultaneously Disrupting Variable TALE-Binding Elements of Multiple Susceptibility Genes in Rice显示文摘Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae(Xoo),the causal agent of bacterial blight of rice,employs the transcription activator-like effectors(TALEs)to induce the expression of the OsSWEET family of putative sugar transporter genes,which function in conferring disease susceptibility(S)in rice plants.To engineer broadspectrum bacterial blight resistance,we used CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing to disrupt the TALEbinding elements(EBEs)of two S genes,OsSWEETH and OsSWEET14,in rice cv.Kitaake,which harbors the recessive resistance allele of Xa25/OsSWEET13.The engineered rice line MS14K exhibited broadspectrum resistance to most Xoo strains with a few exceptions,suggesting that the compatible strains may contain new TALEs.We identified two PthXo2-like TALEs,Tal5LN18 and Tal7PX061,as major virulence factors in the compatible Xoo strains LN18 and PX061,respectively,and found that Xoo encodes at least five types of PthXo2-like effectors.Given that PthXo2/PthXo2.1 target OsSlVEETf3 for transcriptional activation,the genomes of 3000 rice varieties were analyzed for EBE variationsin the OsSWEET13 promoter,and 10Xa25-like haplotypes were identified.We found that Tal5LN18 and Tal7PX〇6i bind slightly different EBE sequences in the OsSWEET13 promoter to activate its expression.CRISPR/Cas9 technology was then used to generate InDels in the EBE of the OsSWEET13 promoter in MS14K to creat a new germplasm with three edited OsSWEET EBEs and broad-spectrum resistance against all Xoo strains tested.Collectively,our findings illustrate how to disarm TALE-S co-evolved loci to generate broad-spectrum resistance through the loss of effector-triggered susceptibility in plants. | Zhengyin Xu Xiameng Xu Qiang Gong Ziyang Li Ying Li Sai Wang Yangyang Yang Wenxiu Ma Longyu Liu Bo Zhu Lifang Zou Gongyou Chen | 2019 | Molecular Plant2019，12，11： | 29 |
| 2 | Urban Three-dimensional Expansion and Its Driving Forces——A Case Study of Shanghai,China显示文摘Urban expansion is a phenomenon of urban space increase,and an important measuring index of the process of urbanization.Taking Shanghai as an example,the changes of urban average height and built-up area were studied to represent city's vertical and horizontal increases respectively,and statistical methods were used to analyze the driving forces of urban expansion.The research drew following conclusions:1) The urban expansion process of Shanghai from 1985 to 2006 had a clear periodic feature,and could be divided into three stages:vertical expansion in dominance,coordinated vertical and horizontal expansion,and horizontal expansion in dominance.2) The average height and quantity of buildings in core city were significantly bigger than those in suburbs,but the changing speed of the latter was faster.And 3) urbanization process was the major driving force for the city's horizontal expansion,while industrial structure improvement was the key driving factor for the vertical expansion.Those two driving forces were simultaneously affected by city's political factors. | SHI Longyu SHAO Guofan CUI Shenghui LI Xuanqi LIN Tao YIN Kai ZHAO Jingzhu | 2009 | Chinese Geographical Science2009，19，4： | 20 |
| 3 | Codon 249 mutation in exon 7 of p53 gene in plasma DNA:maybe a new early diagnostic marker of hepatocellular carcinoma in Qidong risk area,China显示文摘AIM: One of the characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Qidong area is the selective mutation resulting in a serine substitution at codon 249 of the p53 gene (1,20),and it has been identified as a 'hotspot' mutation in heptocellular carcinomas occurring in populations exposed to aflatoxin and with high prevalence of hepatitis B virus carriers (2, 3, 9, 10, 16, 24). We evaluated in this paper whether this 'hotspot' mutation could be detected in cellfree DNA circulating in plasma of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis in Qidong, China, and tried to illustrate the significance of the detection of this molecular biomarker.METHODS: We collected blood samples from 25hepatocellular carcinoma patients, 20 cirrhotic patients and 30 healthy controls in Qidong area. DNA was extracted and purified from 200 μl of plasma from each sample. The 249ser p53 mutation was detected by restriction digestion analysis and direct sequencing of exon-7 PCR products.RESULTS: We found in exon 7 of p53 gene G→T transversion at the third base of codon 249 resulting 249Arg→249ser mutation in 10/25 (40%) hepatocellular carcinoma cases,4/20 (20%) cirrhotics, and 2/30 (7 %) healthy controls.The adjusted odds ratio for having the mutation was 22.1(95 % CI, 3.2~91.7) for HCC cases compared to controls.CONCLUSION: These data show that the 249ser p53mutation in plasma is strongly associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in Qidong patients. We found this mutation was also detected, although it was at a much lower frequency,in plasma DNA of Qidong cirrhotics and healthy controls;We consider that these findings, together with the usual method of HCC diagnosis, will give more information in early diagnosis of HCC, and 249ser p53 mutation should be developed to a new early diagnostic marker for HCC. | Xing-HuaHuang Lu-HongSun Dong-DongLu YanSun Li-JieMa Xi-RanZhang JianHuang LongYu | 2003 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2003，9，4： | 18 |
| 4 | A Facile Recovery Process for Cathodes from Spent Lithium Iron Phosphate Batteries by Using Oxalic Acid显示文摘A simplistic and novel leaching process is developed to dispose spent lithium iron phosphate(LiFePO_(4))batteries.In this paper,oxalic acid is selected as a leaching reagent to recover lithium as a resource and remove phosphorus from LiFePO_(4) batteries,benefiting from its low natural effects.The physical properties of spent cathode materials(before leaching)and residues(after leaching)are identified by X-ray diffraction(XRD)and scanning electronic microscopy(SEM)with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS).The total amounts of Li and Fe are analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy(ICP-AES).The process occurs under conditions of a 0.3 mol·L^(-1) oxalic acid concentration,a temperature of 80℃,a reaction time of 60 min and a solid/liquid ratio of 60 g·L^(-1).It can effectively precipitate92%ferrum in terms of FeC_(2)O_(4)·2H_(2)O from LiFePO4,with the leaching efficiency of Li achieving up to 98%.This method demonstrates a new strategy for dealing with spent lithium iron phosphate batteries with a low cost and low environmental impact. | Li Li Jun Lu Longyu Zhai Xiaoxiao Zhang Larry Curtiss Yi Jin Feng Wu Renjie Chen Khalil Amine | 2018 | CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems2018，4，2： | 12 |
| 5 | Genomic landscape and genetic manipulation of the black soldier fly Hermetia illucens,a natural waste recycler显示文摘The black soldier fly(BSF),Hermetia illucens(Diptera:Stratiomyidae),is renowned for its bioconversion of organic waste into a sustainable source of animal feed.We report a high-quality genome of 1.1 Gb and a consensus set of 16,770 gene models for this beneficial species.Compared to those of other dipteran species,the BSF genome has undergone a substantial expansion in functional modules related to septic adaptation,including immune system factors,olfactory receptors,and cytochrome P450s.We further profiled midgut transcriptomes and associated microbiomes of BSF larvae fed with representative types of organic waste.We find that the pathways related to digestive system and fighting infection are commonly enriched and that Firmicutes bacteria dominate the microbial community in BSF across all diets.To extend its potential practical applications,we further developed an efficient CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing approach and implemented this to yield flightless and enhanced feeding capacity phenotypes,both of which could expand BSF production capabilities.Our study provides valuable genomic and technical resources for optimizing BSF lines for industrialization. | Shuai Zhan Gangqi Fang Minmin Cai Zongqing Kou Jun Xu Yanghui Cao Liang Bai Yixiang Zhang Yongmao Jiang Xingyu Luo Jian Xu Xia Xu Longyu Zheng Ziniu Yu Hong Yang Zhijian Zhang Sibao Wang Jeffery K.Tomberlin Jibin Zhang Yongping Huang | 2020 | Cell Research2020，30，1： | 9 |
| 6 | Whole genome re-sequencing reveals evolutionary patterns of sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera)显示文摘Sacred lotus(Nelumbo nucifera or lotus) is an important aquatic plant in horticulture and ecosystems. As a foundation for exploring genomic variation and evolution among different germplasms, we re-sequenced 19 individuals from three cultivated temperate lotus subgroups(rhizome,seed and flower lotus), one wild temperate lotus subgroup(wild lotus), one tropical lotus group(Thai lotus) and an outgroup(Nelumbo lutea). Through genetic diversity and polymorphism analysis by non-missing SNP sites widely distributed in the whole genome, we confirmed that wild and Thai lotus exhibited greater differentiation with a higher genomic diversity compared to cultivated lotus. Rhizome lotus had the lowest genomic diversity and a closer relationship to wild lotus, whereas the genomes of seed and flower lotus were admixed. Genes in energy metabolism process and plant immunity evolved rapidly in lotus, reflecting local adaptation.We established that candidate genes in genomic regions with significant differentiation associated with temperate and tropical lotus divergence always exhibited highly divergent expression pattern. Together, this study comprehensive and credible interpretates important patterns of genetic diversity and relationships, gene evolution, and genomic signature from ecotypic differentiation of sacred lotus. | Longyu Huang Mei Yang Ling Li Hui Li Dong Yang Tao Shi Pingfang Yang | 2018 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2018，60，1： | 8 |
| 7 | Construction of human liver cancer vascular endothelium cDNA expression library and screening of the endothelium-associated antigen genes显示文摘AIM: To gain tumor endothelium associated antigen genes from human liver cancer vascular endothelial cells (HLCVECs)cDNA expression library, so as to find some new possible targets for the diagnosis and therapy of liver tumor.METHODS: HLCVECs were isolated and purified from a fresh hepatocellular carcinoma tissue sample, and were cultured and proliferated in vitro. A cDNA expression library was constructed with the mRNA extracted from HLCVECs.Anti-sera were prepared from immunized BALB/c mice through subcutaneous injection with high dose of fixed HLCVECs, and were then tested for their specificity against HLCVECs and angiogenic effects in vitro, such as inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis of tumor endothelial cells, using immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence,cell cycle analysis and M-I-l- assays, etc. The identified xenogeneic sera from immunized mice were employed to screen the library of HLCVECs by modified serological analyses of recombinant cDNA expression libraries (SEREX).The positive clones were sequenced and analyzed by bioinformatics.RESULTS: The primary cDNA library consisted of 2×10^6 recombinants. Thirty-six positive clones were obtained from 6× 10^5 independent dones by immunoscreening. Bio-informatics analysis of cDNA sequences indicated that 36 positive clones represented 18 different genes. Among them, 3 were new genes previously unreported, 2 of which were hypothetical genes. The other 15 were already known ones. Series analysis of gene expression (SAGE) database showed that ERP70,GRP58, GAPDH, SSB, $100A6, BMP-6, DVS27, HSP70 and NAC alpha in these genes were associated with endothelium and angiogenesis, but their effects on HLCVECs were still unclear. GAPDH, $100A6, BMP-6 and hsp70 were identified by SEREX in other tumor cDNA expression libraries.CONCLUSION: By screening of HLCVECs cDNA expression library using sera from immunized mice with HLCVECs,the functional genes associated with tumor endothelium or angiogenesis were identified. The modified SEREX,xenogeneic functional serum screening, was demonstrated to be effective for isolation and identification of antigen genes of tumor endothelium, and also for other tumor cell antigen genes. These antigen genes obtained in this study could be a valuable resource for basic and clinical studies of tumor angiogenesis, thus facilitating the development of anti-angiogenesis targeting therapy of tumors. | XingZhong Yu-LiangRan Jin-NingLou DongHu LongYu Yu-ShanZhang ZhuanZhou Zhi-HuaYang | 2004 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2004，10，10： | 6 |
| 8 | Photoreductive degradation of sulfur hexafluoride in the presence of styrene显示文摘硫 hexafluoride (SF6 ) 在空气作为最强大的温室气体之一被知道。由苯乙烯的 SF6 的减少的相片降级被学习了以达到为硫 hexafluoride 污染开发新奇补习。破坏和 SF6 的移动效率(DRE ) 上的反应条件的效果在这研究被检验。两起始的 styrene-to-SF6 比率和起始的氧集中对 DRE 施加重要影响。SF6 移动效率在 0.2 的起始的 styrene-to-SF6 比率到达最大的价值。DRE 与增加氧集中在 0 ~ 0.09 mol/m3 然后减少的范围上与氧集中增加,这被发现。当水蒸汽被喂进煤气的混合时, DRE 稍微在整个学习时间规模上被提高。X光检查光电子光谱学( XPS )分析,和煤气的层析团,光谱测定( GCMS )和 Fourier 转变红外线的光谱学(英尺红外)分析,证明那是将近居住在煤气的阶段的起始的氟的符号在 SiF4 形式的所有,而,起始的硫在元素的硫形式被扔,在相片降级以后。从有毒的副产品免费,相片降级可以为 SF6 消退面对苯乙烯用作一种有希望的技术。 | HUANG Li GU Dinghong Yang Longyu Xia Lanyan ZHANG Renxi HOU Huiqi | 2008 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2008，20，2： | 5 |
| 9 | A Context-Based Analgesia Model in Rats: Involvement of Prefrontal Cortex显示文摘Cognition and pain share common neural substrates and interact reciprocally: chronic pain compromises cognitive performance, whereas cognitive processes modulate pain perception. In the present study, we established a non-drug-dependent rat model of context-based analgesia,where two different contexts(dark and bright) were matched with a high(52°C) or low(48°C) temperature in the hot-plate test during training. Before and after training,we set the temperature to the high level in both contexts.Rats showed longer paw licking latencies in trials with the context originally matched to a low temperature than those to a high temperature, indicating successful establishment of a context-based analgesic effect in rats. This effect was blocked by intraperitoneal injection of naloxone(an opioid receptor antagonist) before the probe. The context-based analgesic effect also disappeared after optogenetic activation or inhibition of the bilateral infralimbic or prelimbic sub-region of the prefrontal cortex. In brief, we established a context-based, non-drug dependent, placebo-like analgesia model in the rat. This model provides a new and useful tool for investigating the cognitive modulation of pain. | Lingchi Xu Yalan Wan Longyu Ma Jie Zheng Bingxuan Han Feng-Yu Liu Ming Yi You Wan | 2018 | Neuroscience Bulletin2018，34，6： | 4 |
| 10 | Factor decomposition of carbon emissions in Chinese megacities显示文摘In this article, per capita urban carbon emissions were decomposed into manufacturing,transportation, and construction sectors using logarithmic mean Divisia index(LMDI)method. This new decomposition method can provide information about specific drivers of carbon emissions, including urban growth and resident living standards, rather than general demographic and economic factors identified by traditional methods. Using four Chinese megacities(Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing) as case studies, we analyzed the factors that influenced per capita carbon emissions from 2010 to 2015. The results showed that per capita carbon emissions increased in Tianjin and Chongqing whereas decreased in Beijing and Shanghai, and that manufacturing was a key driving force. In these four megacities,energy conservation strategies were successfully implemented despite poor energy structure optimization during 2010–2015. Development of manufacturing and improvement of resident living standards in the cities led to an increase in carbon emissions. The unique dual-core urban form of Tianjin might mitigate the increased carbon emissions caused by the transportation sector. Reductions in carbon emissions could be achieved by further optimizing energy structures, limiting the number of private cars, and controlling per capita construction. | Longyu Shi Jing Sun Jianyi Lin Yang Zhao | 2019 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2019，31，1： | 4 |
| 11 | Establishment of transgenic mice carrying gene encoding human zinc finger protein 191显示文摘AIM:Human zinc finger protein 191 (ZNF191) was cloned and characterized as a Krueppel-like transcription factor, which might be relevant to many diseases such as liver cancer,neuropsychiatric and cardiovascular diseases. Although progress has been made recently, the biological function of ZNF191 remains largely unidentified. The aim of this study was to establish a ZNF191 transgenic mouse model,which would promote the functional study of ZNF191.METHODS:Transgene fragments were microinjected into fertilized eggs of mice.The manipulated embryos were transferred into the oviducts of pseudo-pregnant female mice.The offsprings were identified by PCR and Southern blot analysis.ZNF191 gene expression was analyzed by RT-PCR.Transgenic founder mice were used to establish transgenic mouse lineages.The first generation (F1) and the second generation (F2) mice were identified by PCR analysis.Ten-week transgenic mice were used for pathological examination.RESULTS: Four mice were identified as carrying copies of ZNF191 gene.The results of RT-PCR showed that ZNF191 gene was expressed in the liver,testis and brain in one of the transgenic mouse lineages.Genetic analysis of transgenic mice demonstrated that ZNF191 gene was integrated into the chromosome at a single site and could be transmitted stably. Pathological analysis showed that the expression of ZNF 191 did not cause obvious pathological changes in multiple tissues of transgenic mice.CONCLUSION:ZNF191 transgenic mouse model would facilitate the investigation of biological functions of ZNF191 in vivo. | Jian-ZhongLi XiaChen HuaYang Shui-LiangWang Xue-LianGong HaoFeng Bao-YuGuo LongYu Zhu-GangWang Ji-LiangFu | 2004 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2004，10，2： | 3 |
| 12 | The Xanthomonas typeⅢeffector Xop AP prevents stomatal closure by interfering with vacuolar acidification显示文摘Plant stomata close rapidly in response to a rise in the plant hormone abscisic acid(ABA)or salicylic acid(SA)and after recognition of pathogenassociated molecular patterns(PAMPs).Stomatal closure is the result of vacuolar convolution,ion efflux,and changes in turgor pressure in guard cells.Phytopathogenic bacteria secrete typeⅢeffectors(T3Es)that interfere with plant defense mechanisms,causing severe plant disease symptoms.Here,we show that the virulence and infection of Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzicola(Xoc),which is the causal agent of rice bacterial leaf streak disease,drastically increased in transgenic rice(Oryza sativa L.)plants overexpressing the Xoc T3E gene Xop AP,which encodes a protein annotated as a lipase.We discovered that Xop AP binds to phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate(Ptd Ins(3,5)P_(2)),a memb rane phospholipid that functions in p H control in lysosomes,membrane dynamics,and protein trafficking.Xop AP inhibited the acidification of vacuoles by competing with vacuolar H^(+)-pyrophosphatase(V-PPase)for binding to Ptd Ins(3,5)P_(2),leading to stomatal opening.Transgenic rice overexpressing Xop AP also showed inhibition of stomatal closure when challenged by Xoc infection and treatment with the PAMP flg22.Moreover,Xop AP suppressed flg22-induced gene expression,reactive oxygen species burst and callose deposition in host plants,demonstrating that Xop AP subverts PAMP-triggered immunity during Xoc infection.Taken together,these findings demonstrate that Xop AP overcomes stomatal immunity in plants by binding to lipids. | Longyu Liu Ying Li Zhengyin Xu Huan Chen Jingyi Zhang Brittany Manion Fengquan Liu Lifang Zou Zheng Qing Fu Gongyou Chen | 2022 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2022，64，10： | 3 |
| 13 | Recent diagnostic developments at the 100 kJ-level laser facility in China显示文摘A 100 kJ-level laser facility has been designed to study inertial confinement fusion physics in China.This facility incorporates various diagnostic techniques,including optical,x-ray imaging,x-ray spectrum,and fusion product diagnostics,as well as general diagnostics assistance systems and central control and data acquisition systems.This paper describes recent developments in diagnostics at the facility. | Feng Wang Shaoen Jiang Yongkun Ding Shenye Liu Jiamin Yang Sanwei Li Tianxuan Huang Zhurong Cao Zhenghua Yang Xin Hu Wenyong Miao Jiyan Zhang Zhebin Wang Guohong Yang Rongqing Yi Qi Tang Longyu Kuang Zhichao Li Dong Yang Yulong Li Xiaoshi Peng Kuan Ren Baohan Zhang | 2020 | Matter and Radiation at Extremes2020，5，3： | 2 |
| 14 | ZAR1 resistosome and helper NLRs:Bringing in calcium and inducing cell death显示文摘To protect themselves from infectious diseases,plants have deployed a two-tiered surveillance system to recognize invading pathogens(Fu and Dong,2013).In the first layer of the immune system,plants evolved extracellular patter n recognition receptors to detect con served pathoge n-associated molecular patterns(PAM Ps)and activate PAMP-triggered immunity(PTI)(Boiler and Felix,2009). | Jian Chen Min Li Longyu Liu Gongyou Chen Zheng Qing Fu | 2021 | Molecular Plant2021，14，8： | 2 |
| 15 | Effect of Cryopreservation on Seed Viability of 4 Species显示文摘In order to explore the feasibility of cryopreservation on dormant forest tree seeds,the seed viability of 4 species(Malus baccata,Prunus davidiana,P.armenica and Amygdalu persica) with moisture content(MC) changing was tested after 30-day storage in liquid nitrogen of -196℃.The results showed that all the 4 species of seeds can keep a stable viability after cryopreservation.In the procedure,the optimum MC was 48 g/kg for M.baccata,27 g/kg for P.davidiana,31 g/kg for P.armenica and 45 g/kg for A.persica,... | LIU Yan~1 LI Qingmei~(2**) LIU Guangquan~(1**) DUAN Xinfang~3 HOU Longyu~1 1.International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation,Beijing 100044,P.R.China 2.Research Institute of Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,P.R.China 3.Institute of New Forestry Technology,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,P.R.China | 2009 | Chinese Forestry Science and Technology2009，8，2： | 2 |
| 16 | Development and application of perfect SSR markers in cotton显示文摘Background:This study aimed to develop a set of perfect simple sequence repeat(SSR)markers with a single copy in the cotton genome,to construct a DNA fingerprint database suitable for authentication of cotton cultivars.We optimized the polymerase chain reaction(PCR)system for multi-platform compatibility and improving detection efficiency.Based on the reference genome of upland cotton and 10×resequencing data of 48 basic cotton germplasm lines,single-copy polymorphic SSR sites were identified and developed as diploidization SSR markers.The SSR markers were detected by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE)for initial screening,then fluorescence capillary electrophoresis for secondary screening.The final perfect SSR markers were evaluated and verified using 210 lines from different sources among Chinese cotton regional trials.Results:Using bioinformatics techniques,1246 SSR markers were designed from 26626 single-copy SSR loci.Adopting a stepwise(primary and secondary)screening strategy,a set of 60 perfect SSR markers was selected with high amplification efficiency and stability,easy interpretation of peak type,multiple allelic variations,high polymorphism information content(PIC)value,uniform chromosome distribution,and single-copy characteristics.A multiplex PCR system was established with ten SSR markers using capillary electrophoresis detection.Conclusions:A set of perfect SSR markers of cotton was developed and a high-throughput SSR marker detection system was established.This study lays a foundation for large-scale and standardized construction of a cotton DNA fingerprint database for authentication of cotton varieties. | WU Yuzhen HUANG Longyu ZHOU Dayun FU Xiaoqiong LI Chao WEI Shoujun PENG Jun KUANG Meng | 2020 | Journal of Cotton Research2020，3，3： | 2 |
| 17 | Biodiesel production from rice straw and restaurant waste employing black soldierfly assisted by microbes显示文摘 | Zheng Longyu Hou Yanfei Li Wu et a/ | 2012 | Energy2012，47，： | 1 |
| 18 | Preliminary investigation of the clinical significance of detecting circulating tumor cells en- riched from ling cancer patients显示文摘 | Chi Wu Huaijie Hao Longyue Li | 2009 | J Thorae Onco12009，4，： | 1 |
| 19 | Optimal index shooting policy for layered missile defense system显示文摘In order to cope with the increasing threat of the ballistic missile(BM)in a shorter reaction time,the shooting policy of the layered defense system needs to be optimized.The main decisionmaking problem of shooting optimization is how to choose the next BM which needs to be shot according to the previous engagements and results,thus maximizing the expected return of BMs killed or minimizing the cost of BMs penetration.Motivated by this,this study aims to determine an optimal shooting policy for a two-layer missile defense(TLMD)system.This paper considers a scenario in which the TLMD system wishes to shoot at a collection of BMs one at a time,and to maximize the return obtained from BMs killed before the system demise.To provide a policy analysis tool,this paper develops a general model for shooting decision-making,the shooting engagements can be described as a discounted reward Markov decision process.The index shooting policy is a strategy that can effectively balance the shooting returns and the risk that the defense mission fails,and the goal is to maximize the return obtained from BMs killed before the system demise.The numerical results show that the index policy is better than a range of competitors,especially the mean returns and the mean killing BM number. | LI Longyue FAN Chengli XING Qinghua XU Hailong ZHAO Huizhen | 2020 | Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics2020，31，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Investigation on Inlet Recirculation Characteristics of Double Suction Centrifugal Compressor with Unsymmetrical Inlet显示文摘The inlet recirculation characteristics of double suction centrifugal compressor with unsymmetrical inlet structures were studied in numerical method,mainly focused on three issues including the amounts and differences of the inlet recirculation in different working conditions,the circumferential non-uniform distributions of the inlet recirculation,the recirculation velocity distributions of the upstream slot of the rear impeller.The results show that there are some differences between the recirculation of the front impeller and that of the rear impeller in whole working conditions..In design speed,the recirculation flow rate of the rear impeller is larger than that of the front impeller in the large flow range,but in the small flow range,the recirculation flow rate of the rear impeller is smaller than that of the front impeller.In different working conditions,the recirculation velocity distributions of the front and rear impeller are non-uniform along the circumferential direction and their non-uniform extents are quite different.The circumferential non-uniform extent of the recirculation velocity varies with the working conditions change.The circumferential non-uniform extent of the recirculation velocity of front impeller and its distribution are determined by the static pressure distribution of the front impeller,but that of the rear impeller is decided by the coupling effects of the inlet flow distortion of the rear impeller,the circumferential unsymmetrical distribution of the upstream slot and the asymmetric structure of the volute.In the design flow and small flow conditions,the recirculation velocities at different circumferential positions of the mean line of the upstream slot cross-section of the rear impeller are quite different,and the recirculation velocities distribution forms at both sides of the mean line are different.The recirculation velocity distributions in the cross-section of the upstream slot depend on the static pressure distributions in the intake duct. | YANG Ce WANG Yingjun LAO Dazhong TONG Ding WEI Longyu LIU Yixiong | 2016 | Journal of Thermal Science2016，25，4： | 1 |
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