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| 1 | Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetes: From physiopathological interplay to diagnosis and treatment显示文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is highly prevalent in patients with diabetes mellitus and increasing evidence suggests that patients with type 2diabetes are at a particularly high risk for developing the progressive forms of NAFLD,non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and associated advanced liver fibrosis.Moreover,diabetes is an independent risk factor for NAFLD progression,and for hepatocellular carcinoma development and liver-related mortality in prospective studies.Notwithstanding,patients with NAFLD have an elevated prevalence of prediabetes.Recent studies have shown that NAFLD presence predicts the development of type2 diabetes.Diabetes and NAFLD have mutual pathogenetic mechanisms and it is possible that genetic and environmental factors interact with metabolic derangements to accelerate NAFLD progression in diabetic patients.The diagnosis of the more advanced stages of NAFLD in diabetic patients shares the same challenges as in non-diabetic patients and it includes imaging and serological methods,although histopathological evaluation is still considered the gold standard diagnostic method.An effective established treatment is not yet available for patients with steatohepatitis and fibrosis and randomized clinical trials including only diabetic patients are lacking.We sought to outline the published data including epidemiology,pathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD in diabetic patients,in order to better understand the interplay between these two prevalent diseases and identify the gaps that still need to be fulfilled in the management of NAFLD in patients with diabetes mellitus. | Nathalie C Leite Cristiane A Villela-Nogueira Claudia R L Cardoso Gil F Salles | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，26： | 21 |
| 2 | Necessity and feasibility of improving the residual resistance factor of polymer flooding in heavy oil reservoirs显示文摘The efficiency of water flooding in heavy oil reservoirs would be improved by increasing the viscosity of the displacing phase, but the sweep efficiency is not of significance due to the low mobility of the vicious oil. On the basis of mobility control theory, increasing the residual resistance factor not only reduces the water-oil mobility ratio but also decreases the requirement for viscosity enhancement of the polymer solution. The residual resistance factor caused by hydrophobic associating polymer solution is higher than that caused by polyacrylamide solution in brine containing high concentrations of calcium and magnesium ions. The results of numerical simulations show that the polymer flooding efficiency improved by increasing the residual resistance factor is far better than that by only increasing solution viscosity. The recovery factor of heavy oil reservoirs (70 mPa·s) can be enhanced by hydrophobic associating polymer solution of high residual resistance factor (more than 3) and high effective viscosity (24 mPa·s). Therefore, increasing the residual resistance factor of the polymer solution not only decreases the requirement for the viscosity of polymer solution injected into heavy oil reservoirs but also is favorable to enhanced oil recovery during polymer flooding. | Shi Leiting Ye Zhongbin Zhang Zhuo Zhou Changjiang Zhu Shanshan Guo Zhidong | 2010 | Petroleum Science2010，7，2： | 16 |
| 3 | Causes and consequences of microsatellite instability in gastric carcinogenesis显示文摘Loss of DNA mismatch repair(MMR) function, due to somatic or germline epi/genetic alterations of MMR genes leads to the accumulation of numerous mutations across the genome, creating a molecular phenotype known as microsatellite instability(MSI). In gastric cancer(g C), MSI occurs in about 15% to 30% of the cases. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying the acquisition of MSI in g C as well as on the clinic, pathologic and molecular consequences of the MSI phenotype. Additionally, current therapeutic strategies for g C and their applicability in the MSI subset are also discussed. | Sérgia Velho Maria Sofia Fernandes Marina Leite Ceu Figueiredo Raquel Seruca | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，44： | 14 |
| 4 | Stochastic optimization of mine production scheduling with uncertain ore/metal/waste supply显示文摘Optimization of long-term mine production scheduling in open pit mines deals with the management of cash flows, typically in the order of hundreds of millions of dollars. Conventional mine scheduling utilizes optimization methods that are not capable of accounting for inherent technical uncertainties such as uncertainty in the expected ore/metal supply from the underground, acknowledged to be the most critical factor. To integrate ore/metal uncertainty into the optimization of mine production scheduling a stochastic integer programming(SIP) formulation is tested at a copper deposit. The stochastic solution maximizes the economic value of a project and minimizes deviations from production targets in the presence of ore/metal uncertainty. Unlike the conventional approach, the SIP model accounts and manages risk in ore supply, leading to a mine production schedule with a 29% higher net present value than the schedule obtained from the conventional, industry-standard optimization approach, thus contributing to improving the management and sustainable utilization of mineral resources. | Leite Andre Dimitrakopoulos Roussos | 2014 | International Journal of Mining Science and Technology2014，24，6： | 13 |
| 5 | Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells versus adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells for peripheral nerve regeneration显示文摘Studies have confirmed that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) can be used for treatment of several nervous system diseases. However, isolation of bone marrow-derived MSCs(BMSCs) is an invasive and painful process and the yield is very low. Therefore, there is a need to search for other alterative stem cell sources. Adipose-derived MSCs(ADSCs) have phenotypic and gene expression profiles similar to those of BMSCs. The production of ADSCs is greater than that of BMSCs, and ADSCs proliferate faster than BMSCs. To compare the effects of venous grafts containing BMSCs or ADSCs on sciatic nerve injury, in this study, rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham(only sciatic nerve exposed), Matrigel(MG; sciatic nerve injury + intravenous transplantation of MG vehicle), ADSCs(sciatic nerve injury + intravenous MG containing ADSCs), and BMSCs(sciatic nerve injury + intravenous MG containing BMSCs) groups. Sciatic functional index was calculated to evaluate the function of injured sciatic nerve. Morphologic characteristics of nerves distal to the lesion were observed by toluidine blue staining. Spinal motor neurons labeled with Fluoro-Gold were quantitatively assessed. Compared with sham-operated rats, sciatic functional index was lower, the density of small-diameter fibers was significantly increased, and the number of motor neurons significantly decreased in rats with sciatic nerve injury. Neither ADSCs nor BMSCs significantly improved the sciatic nerve function of rats with sciatic nerve injury, increased fiber density, fiber diameters, axonal diameters, myelin sheath thickness, and G ratios(axonal diameter/fiber diameter ratios) in the sciatic nerve distal to the lesion site. There was no significant difference in the number of spinal motor neurons among ADSCs, BMSCs and MG groups. These results suggest that neither BMSCs nor ADSCs provide satisfactory results for peripheral nerve repair when using MG as the conductor for engraftment. | Marcela Fernandes Sandra Gomes Valente Rodrigo Guerra Sabongi Joao Baptista Gomes dos Santos Vilnei Mattioli Leite Henning Ulrich Arthur Andrade Nery Maria José da Silva Fernandes | 2018 | Neural Regeneration Research2018，13，1： | 10 |
| 6 | Effect of polymer solution structure on displacement efficiency显示文摘In this paper, a series of experiments, including atomic force microscope (AFM), environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM), and core displacement tests were conducted to investigate the effect of polymer solution structure on solution properties and oil displacement efficiency. The results show that in the HPAM solution polymer coils were formed and then aggregated into a loose structure, while the HAP2010 solution formed a strong network structure, which would significantly improve the solution viscosity and flow resistance so as to upgrade the capacity of piston-like oil displacement in highly permeable porous media. Meanwhile, the retention of the HAP2010 solution at pore throats were also enhanced, which could reduce water production during subsequent water flooding and enlarge the swept volume during polymer flooding. Therefore, enhancing the interaction among polymer molecules is an effective way to improve the displacement efficiency of polymer solutions in heavy oil reservoirs with high permeability. | Shi Leiting Chen Lei Ye Zhongbin Zhou Wei Zhang Jian Yang Jie Jin Jianbo | 2012 | Petroleum Science2012，9，2： | 9 |
| 7 | Thalidomide induces mucosal healing in Crohn's disease: Case report显示文摘Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract that is defi ned by relapsing and remitting episodes. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) appears to play a central role in the pathophysiology of the disease. Standard therapies for inflammatory bowel disease fail to induce remission in about 30% of patients. Biological therapies have been associated with an increased incidence of infections, especially infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Thalidomide is an oral immunomodulatory agent with anti-TNF-α properties. Recent studies have suggested that thalidomide is effective in refractory luminal and fistulizing Crohn's disease. Thalidomide costimulates T lymphocytes, with greater effect on CD8+ than on CD4+ T cells, which contributes to the protective immune response to Mtb infection. We present a case of Crohn's disease with gastric, ileal, colon and rectum involvement as well as steroid dependency, which progressed with loss of response to infliximabafter three years of therapy. The thorax computed tomography scan demonstrated a pulmonary nodule suspected to be Mtb infection. The patient was started on thalidomide therapy and exhibited an excellent response. | Márcio Rios Leite Sandra Sousa Santos André Castro Lyra Jaciane Mota Genoile Oliveira Santana | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，45： | 9 |
| 8 | Titanium dioxide induced inflammation in the small intestine显示文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPTiO 2 ) and microparticles (MPTiO 2 ) on the inflammatory response in the small intestine of mice. METHODS: Bl 57/6 male mice received distilled water suspensions containing TiO 2 (100 mg/kg body weight) as NPTiO 2 (66 nm), or MPTiO 2 (260 nm) by gavage for 10 d, once a day; the control group received only distilled water. At the end of the treatment the duodenum, jejunum and ileum were extracted for assessment of cytokines, inflammatory cells and titanium content. The cytokines interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, IL-23, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), intracellular interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in segments of jejunum and ileum (mucosa and underlying muscular tissue). CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells were evaluated in duodenum, jejunum and ileum samples fixed in 10% formalin by immuno-histochemistry. The titanium content was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. RESULTS: We found increased levels of T CD4 + cells (cells/mm 2 ) in duodenum:NP 1240 ± 139.4, MP 1070 ± 154.7 vs 458 ± 50.39 (P < 0.01); jejunum:NP 908.4 ± 130.3, MP 813.8 ± 103.8 vs 526.6 ± 61.43 (P < 0.05); and ileum:NP 818.60 ± 123.0, MP 640.1 ± 32.75 vs 466.9 ± 22.4 (P < 0.05). In comparison to the control group, the groups receiving TiO 2 showed a statistically significant increase in the levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-12, IL-4, IL-23, TNF-α, IFN-γ and TGF-β. The cytokine production was more pronounced in the ileum (mean ± SE):IL-12: NP 33.98 ± 11.76, MP 74.11 ± 25.65 vs 19.06 ± 3.92 (P < 0.05); IL-4: NP 17.36 ± 9.96, MP 22.94 ± 7.47 vs 2.19 ± 0.65 (P < 0.05); IL-23: NP 157.20 ± 75.80, MP 134.50 ± 38.31 vs 22.34 ± 5.81 (P < 0.05); TNFα: NP 3.71 ± 1.33, MP 5.44 ± 1.67 vs 0.99± 019 (P < 0.05); IFNγ: NP 15.85 ± 9.99, MP 34.08 ± 11.44 vs 2.81 ± 0.69 (P < 0.05); and TGF-β: NP 780.70 ± 318.50, MP 1409.00 ± 502.20 vs 205.50 ± 63.93 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION:Our findings indicate that TiO2 particles induce a Th1-mediated inflammatory response in the small bowel in mice. | Carolina Maciel Nogueira Walter Mendes de Azevedo Maria Lucia Zaidan Dagli Sérgio Hiroshi Toma AndréZonetti de Arruda Leite Maria Laura Lordello Iêda Nishitokukado Carmen Lúcia Ortiz-Agostinho Maria IrmaSeixas Duarte Marcelo Alves Ferreira Aytan Miranda Sipahi | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，34： | 8 |
| 9 | Gastrointestinal motility and absorptive disorders in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: Prevalence, diagnosis and treatment显示文摘Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD),Crohns disease and ulcerative colitis,are chronic conditions associated with high morbidity and healthcare costs.The natural history of IBD is variable and marked by alternating periods of flare and remission.Even though the use of newer therapeutic targets has been associated with higher rates of mucosal healing,a great proportion of IBD patients remain symptomatic despite effective control of inflammation.These symptoms may include but not limited to abdominal pain,dyspepsia,diarrhea,urgency,fecal incontinence,constipation or bloating.In this setting,commonly there is an overlap with gastrointestinal(GI)motility and absorptive disorders.Early recognition of these conditions greatly improves patient care and may decrease the risk of mistreatment.Therefore,in this review we describe the prevalence,diagnosis and treatment of GI motility and absorptive disorders that commonly affect patients with IBD. | Luísa Leite Barros Alberto Queiroz Farias Ali Rezaie | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，31： | 8 |
| 10 | Enamel microabrasion: An overview of clinical and scientific considerations显示文摘Superficial stains and irregularities of the enamelare generally what prompt patients to seek dental intervention to improve their smile. These stains or defects may be due to hypoplasia, amelogenesis imperfecta, mineralized white spots, or fluorosis, for which enamel microabrasion is primarily indicated. Enamel microabrasion involves the use of acidic and abrasive agents, such as with 37% phosphoric acid and pumice or 6% hydrochloric acid and silica, applied to the altered enamel surface with mechanical pressure from a rubber cup coupled to a rotatory mandrel of a lowrotation micromotor. If necessary, this treatment can be safely combined with bleaching for better esthetic results. Recent studies show that microabrasion is a conservative treatment when the enamel wear is minimal and clinically imperceptible. The most important factor contributing to the success of enamel microabrasion is the depth of the defect, as deeper, opaque stains, such as those resulting from hypoplasia, cannot be resolved with microabrasion, and require a restorative approach. Surface enamel alterations that result from microabrasion, such as roughness and microhardness, are easily restored by saliva. Clinical studies support the efficacy and longevity of this safe and minimally invasive treatment. The present article presents the clinical and scientific aspects concerning the microabrasion technique, and discusses the indications for and effects of the treatment, including recent works describing microscopic and clinical evaluations. | Núbia Inocencya Pavesi Pini Daniel Sundfeld-Neto Flavio Henrique Baggio Aguiar Renato Herman Sundfeld Luis Roberto Marcondes Martins José Roberto Lovadino Débora Alves Nunes Leite Lima | 2015 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2015，3，1： | 6 |
| 11 | Helicobacter pylori and EBV in gastric carcinomas:Methylation status and microsatellite instability显示文摘AIM:To verify the methylation status of CDH1, DAPK, COX2, hMLH1 and CDKN2A genes and to evaluate their association with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-cagA+ and Epstein Barr virus (EBV) infections in gastric adenocarcinomas.METHODS: Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) assay was performed in 89 primary gastric carcinomas (intestinal and diffuse types). Microsatellite instability (MSI) analysis was performed using the BAT26 primer set and PCR products were analyzed with the ABI PRISM 3100 Genetic Analyzer using Genescan 3.7 software (Applied Biosystems). Detection of H. pylori and genotyping were performed by PCR, using specifi c primers for ureaseC and cagA genes. The presence of EBV was assessed by in situ hybridization. Statistical analyses were performed using the χ2 or Fisher's exact test.RESULTS: The most frequent hypermethylated gene was COX-2 (63.5%) followed by DAPK (55.7%), CDH1 (51%), CDKN2A (36%) and hMLH1 (30.3%). Intestinal and diffuse adenocarcinomas showed different methylation profiles and there was an association between methylation of E-CDH1 and H. pylori-cagA+ in the intestinal adenocarcinoma type. MSI was correlated with hMLH1 methylation. There was an inverse correlation between DAPK hypermethylation and MSI.CONCLUSION: We found a strong association between CDH1 methylation and H. pylori-cagA+ in intestinal-type gastric cancer, association of MSI and better prognosis and an heterogeneous COX-2 overexpression. | Adriana Camargo Ferrasi Nídia Alice Pinheiro Silvia Helena Barem Rabenhorst Otávia Luisa Caballero Maria Aparecida Marchesan Rodrigues Fabrício de Carvalho Celso Vieira de Souza Leite Marcia Valéria Pitombeira Ferreira Marcos Aurélio Pessoa Barros Maria Inês de Moura Campos Pardini | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，3： | 6 |
| 12 | Advanced Fiber-Optic Acoustic Sensors显示文摘声学的察觉到是现在在现代社会起一个重要作用的一块很费力的地,用从监视到医药成像的结构的健康跨越的应用。Fiber-optics 能把许多优点带到这域,并且光纤的声学的传感器已经显示出能够基于压电的变换器与标准传感器竞争的性能层次。这评论在光纤的动态紧张察觉到的地里介绍最近的进展,特别地为声学的察觉。三种主导的技术是识别纤维布拉格栅栏, interferometric Mach-Zehnder,和 | Joao G. V. TEIXEIRA Ivo T. LEITE Susana SILVA Orlando FRAZAO | 2014 | Photonic Sensors2014，4，3： | 6 |
| 13 | Reallocation of foliicolous species of the genus Strigula into six genera(lichenized Ascomycota,Dothideomycetes,Strigulaceae)显示文摘Strigula sensu lato has been previously defined based on phenotype characters as a rather broad genus including tropical to temperate species growing on a wide array of substrata.In this study,based on a multilocus phylogenetic approach,we show that foliicolous species form six well-delimited clades that correlate with diagnostic phenotype features,including thallus morphology,carbonization of the involucrellum and excipulum,ascospore dimensions,and type of macroconidia.Given the topology,with five of the six clades emerging on long stem branches,and the strong phenotypical differentiation between the clades,we recognize these at the genus level,making mostly use of previously established genus names.Four genera,namely Phylloporis,Puiggariella,Raciborskiella,and Racoplaca,are resurrected for the S.phyllogena,S.nemathora,S.janeirensis,and S.subtilissima groups,respectively,whereas one new genus,Serusiauxiella gen.nov.,is introduced for a novel lineage with peculiar macroconidia.The only sequenced non-foliicolous species,S.jamesii,is not closely related to these six foliicolous lineages but clusters with Flavobathelium and Phyllobathelium,revealing it as an additional undescribed genus-level lineage being treated elsewhere.Within the new genus Serusiauxiella,three new species are described:Serusiauxiella filifera sp.nov.,S.flagellata sp.nov.,and S.sinensis sp.nov.In addition,ten new combinations are proposed:Phylloporis austropunctata comb.nov.,P.radiata comb.nov.,P.vulgaris comb.nov.,Puiggariella confluens comb.et stat.nov.,P.nemathora comb.nov.,P.nigrocincta comb.nov.,Racoplaca maculata comb.nov.,R.melanobapha comb.nov.,R.transversoundulata,and R.tremens comb.nov.We also report on a peculiar,previously unrecognized growth behaviour of the macroconidial appendages in Strigula s.lat. | Shu‑Hua Jiang Robert Lücking Amanda Barreto Xavier‑Leite Marcela E.S.Cáceres AndréAptroot Carlos Vinas Portilla Jiang‑Chun Wei | 2020 | Fungal Diversity2020，，3： | 5 |
| 14 | Postpartum depression:A systematic review of the genetics involved显示文摘Postpartum depression is one of the most prevalent psychopathologies. Its prevalence is estimated to be between 10% and 15%. Despite its multifactorial etiology, it is known that genetics play an important role in the genesis of this disorder. This paper reviews epidemiological evidence supporting the role of genetics in postpartum depression(PPD). The main objectives of this review are to determine which genes and polymorphisms are associated with PPD and discuss how this association may occur. In addition, this paper explores whether these genes are somehow related to or even the same as those linked to Major Depression(MD). To identify gaps in the current knowledge that require investigation, a systematic review was conducted in the electronic databases Pub Med, LILACS and Sci ELO using the index terms 'postpartum depression' and 'genetics'. Literature searches for articles in peerreviewed journals were made until April 2014. PPD was indexed 56 times with genetics. The inclusion criteria were articles in Portuguese, Spanish or English that were available by institutional means or sent by authors upon request; this search resulted in 20 papers. Genes and polymorphisms traditionally related to MD, which are those involved in the serotonin, catecholamine, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tryptophan metabolism, have been the most studied, and some have been related to PPD. The results are conflicting and some depend on epigenetics, which makes the data incipient. Further studies are required to determine the genes that are involved in PPD and establish the nature of the relationship between these genes and PPD. | Tiago Castro e Couto Mayra Yara Martins Brancaglion António Alvim-Soares Lafaiete Moreira Frederico Duarte Garcia Rodrigo Nicolato Humberto Corrêa Regina Amélia Lopes P Aguiar Henrique Vitor Leite | 2015 | World Journal of Psychiatry2015，5，1： | 5 |
| 15 | Experimental and Clinical Research of Dendritic Cell and Syngeneic Immunotherapy of Brain Glioma显示文摘 | NIUHongquan DONGZhen DONGFangyong ZHANGTao LEITing XUEDelin | 2004 | The Chinese-German Journal of Clinical Oncology2004，3，3： | 5 |
| 16 | Green tea polyphenols inhibit testosterone production in rat Leydig cells显示文摘这研究调查了绿茶摘录(GTE ) 和它的多酚的尖锐效果成分,(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG ) 和(-)-epicatechin (EC ) ,在由在 vitro 的老鼠 Leydig 房间的基础、刺激的睾丸激素生产上。在一个 Percoll 坡度净化的 Leydig 房间与 GTE, EGCG 或 EC 和睾丸激素先锋 androstenedione 为 3 h 被孵化,当面或任何一个蛋白质 kinase A (PKA ) 的缺席或蛋白质 kinase C (PKC ) 使活跃之物。效果的可逆性被 pretreating 房间与 GTE 或 EGCG 为 15 min 学习,允许他们为 1 h 恢复并且为有人的 chorionic 的 2 h 质问他们 gonadotropin (hCG ) , luteinizing 荷尔蒙释放荷尔蒙(LHRH ) , 22 (R)-hydroxycholesterol 或 androstenedione。GTE 和 EGCG,然而并非 EC,禁止了基础、刺激 kinase 的睾丸激素生产。在预告的处理条件下面, hCG/LHRH-stimulated 或 22 (R)-hydroxycholesterol-induced 睾丸激素生产上的 GTE/EGCG 的更高的集中的禁止的效果被维持,而支持 androstenedione 的睾丸激素生产回来了控制层次。在 GTE/EGCG 的更低的集中, 22 (R)-hydroxycholesterol-supported 睾丸激素生产上的这些多酚的禁止的效果被颠倒。GTE 的禁止的效果可以被它一个 gallate 组的主要部件, EGCG,和存在的行动在它的结构解释在禁止睾丸激素生产为它的高功效似乎重要。位于 GTE 和 EGCG 的效果下面的机制包含表明 P450 方面链劈开酶和 17-hydroxysteroid 脱氢酶功能的小径,以及抑制的 PKA/PKC 的抑制。 | Marina S. Figueiroa Juliany S. B. Cesar Vieira Disleide S. Leite Ruben C. O. Andrade Filho Fabiano Ferreira Patricia S. Gouveia Daniel P. Udrisar Maria I. Wanderley | 2009 | Asian Journal of Andrology2009，11，3： | 4 |
| 17 | Unbiased subgenome evolution following a recent whole-genome duplication in pear(Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.)显示文摘Genome fractionation(also known as diploidization)frequently occurs following paleopolyploidization events.Biased fractionation between subgenomes has been found in some paleo-allopolyploids,while this phenomenon is absent in paleo-autopolyploids.Pear(Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.)experienced a recent whole-genome duplication(WGD,~30 million years ago);however,the evolutionary fate of the two subgenomes derived from this WGD event is not clear.In this study,we identified the two paleo-subgenomes in pear using peach(Prunus persica)as an outgroup and investigated differences in the gene loss rate,evolutionary rate,gene expression level,and DNA methylation level between these two subgenomes.Fractionation bias was not found between the two pear subgenomes,which evolved at similar evolutionary rates.The DNA methylation level of the two subgenomes showed little bias,and we found no expression dominance between the subgenomes.However,we found that singleton genes and homeologous genes within each subgenome showed divergent evolutionary patterns of selective constraints,expression and epigenetic modification.These results provide insights into subgenome evolution following paleopolyploidization in pear. | Qionghou Li Xin Qiao Hao Yin Yuhang Zhou Huizhen Dong Kaijie Qi Leiting Li Shaoling Zhang | 2019 | Horticulture Research2019，6，1： | 4 |
| 18 | Optimizing outcomes for patients with gastric cancer peritoneal carcinomatosis显示文摘Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) from gastric cancer has traditionally been considered a terminal progression of the disease and is associated with poor survival out-comes. Positive peritoneal cytology similarly worsens the survival of patients with gastric cancer and treatment options for these patients have been limited. Recent ad-vances in multimodality treatment regimens have led to innovative ways to care for and treat patients with this disease burden. One of these advances has been to use neoadjuvant therapy to try and convert patients with positivecytologyorlow-volume PC to negative cytolo-gy with no evidence of active peritoneal disease.These strategies include the use of neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy alone,using neoadjuvant laparoscopic heated intraper itoneal chemotherapy(NLHIPEC)after systemic chemotherapy,or using neoadjuvant intra-peritoneal and systemic chemother apy(NIPS)in a bi-dir ectional manner. For patients with higher volume PC,cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intrape-ritoneal chemotherapy(HIPEC)have been mainstays of treatment. When used together, CRS and HIPEC can improve overall outcomes in properly selected patients,but overall survival outcomes remain unacceptably low.The extent of peritoneal disease, commonly measured by the peritoneal carcinomatosis index (PCI), and the com-pleteness of cytor eduction,has been shown to greatly impact outcomes in patients undergoing CRS and HIPEC.The uses of NLHIPEC and NLHIPEC plus NIPS have both been shown to decrease the PCI and thus increase the opportunity for complete cytoreduction. Newer therapies like pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemother apy and immunotherapy, such as catumaxomab, along with improved systemic chemotherapeutic regimens, are being explored with great interest.There is exciting progress being made in the management of PC from gastric can-cer and its’ treatment is no longer futile. | Jennifer L Leiting Travis E Grotz | 2018 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2018，10，10： | 4 |
| 19 | Distribution and origin of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments from an urban river basin at the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba,Brazil显示文摘The concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) were determined in surface sediment samples from nine sites located at the Iguau River Basin in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba,Brazil to evaluate their distribution and sources.The total concentration of the PAHs was greater for sediments from highly urbanized areas,while the sediments from the Iraí Environmental Protection Area(Iraí EPA) showed significantly low concentrations.The sediments from the Iguau and Barigui rivers were classified as highly contaminated,while those from the Cercado and Curralinho rivers were classified as moderately contaminated.The predominance of PAHs containing two to four aromatic rings in most of the samples suggested the direct input of raw sewage into the water resources evaluated.Benzo[g,h,i]perylene,dibenzo[a,h]anthracene and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene were predominant in sediments from the areas under the greatest urban and industrial development.The correlation between thermodynamic stability and the kinetics of evolution presented by the isomeric pairs indicated that combustion is the predominant source of PAHs in the sediments because the combustion of fossil fuels affected most of the points evaluated,followed by combustion of biomass and eventually combustion of oil product inputs.In general,the results showed that areas under strong urban influence,as well as the Iraí EPA,receive contributions of PAHs from similar sources. | Natalicio Ferreira Leite Patricio Peralta-Zamora Marco Tadeu Grassi | 2011 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2011，23，6： | 4 |
| 20 | Neurophysiological basis of penile erection显示文摘阴茎勃起包含在中央 nervoussystem 之间的一个复杂相互作用,本地 factors.It 是调制由的一个神经与血管的事件心理并且氮的氧化物的 hormonalfactors.The 发现(没有)作为为识别生理的位于下面的重要机制和 pathophysiological eventsin 的一个细胞间的送信人或 neurotransmitter pavedthe 方法阴茎,除了提供,为新治疗学的发展的知识基于分子和房间相互作用的 ona | Fernanda B M PRIVIERO Romulo LEITE R Clinton WEBB Cleber E TEIXEIRA | 2007 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2007，28，6： | 3 |
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