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| 1 | Subcurative radiation significantly increases cell proliferation, invasion, and migration of primary glioblastoma multiforme in vivo显示文摘Tumor cell proliferation, infiltration, migration, and neovascularization are known causes of treatment resistance in glioblastoma multiforme(GBM). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of radiation on the growth characteristics of primary human GBM developed in a nude rat. Primary GBM cells grown from explanted GBM tissues were implanted orthotopically in nude rats. Tumor growth was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging on day 77(baseline) after implantation. The rats underwent irradiation to a dose of 50 Gy delivered subcuratively on day 84 postimplantation(n = 8), or underwent no radiation(n = 8). Brain tissues were obtained on day 112(nonirradiated) or day 133(irradiated). Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine tumor cell proliferation(Ki-67) and to assess the expression of infiltration marker(matrix metalloproteinase-2, MMP-2) and cell migration marker(CD44). Tumor neovascularization was assessed by microvessel density using von-Willebrand factor(vWF) staining. Magnetic resonance imaging showed well-developed, infiltrative tumors in 11 weeks postimplantation. The proportion of Ki-67-positive cells in tumors undergoing radiation was(71 ± 15)% compared with(25 ± 12)% in the nonirradiated group(P = 0.02). The number of MMP-2-positive areas and proportion of CD44-positive cells were also high in tumors receiving radiation, indicating great invasion and infiltration. Microvessel density analysis did not show a significant difference between nonirradiated and irradiated tumors. Taken together, we found that subcurative radiation significantly increased proliferation, invasion, and migration of primary GBM. Our study provides insights into possible mechanisms of treatment resistance following radiation therapy for GBM. | Adarsh Shankar Sanath Kumar Asm Iskander Nadimpalli RS Varma Branislava Janic Ana deCarvalho Tom Mikkelsen Joseph A Frank Meser M Ali Robert A Knight Stephen Brown Ali S Arbab | 2014 | Chinese Journal of Cancer2014，33，3： | 5 |
| 2 | Innovativeness: Its antecedents and impact on business performance显示文摘 | HULT GTM HURLEY R F KNIGHT G A | 2004 | Industrial Marketing Management2004，33，5： | 1 |
| 3 | Effects of androgenic gland ablation on male primary and secondary sexual characteristics in the Malaysian prawn,Macrobrachium rosenbergii(de Man)(Decapoda Palaemomidae),with first evidence of induced feminization in a non-hermaphroditic decapod显示文摘 | Nagamine C Knight A W Maggenti A | 1980 | Gen Comp Endocrinol1980，41，4： | 1 |
| 4 | Cost-utility analysis of varenicline versus existing smoking cessation strategies using the BENESCO simulation model:Application to a population of US adult smokers显示文摘 | HOWARD P KNIGHT C BOLER A | 2008 | Pharmaco Economics2008，26，6： | 1 |
| 5 | Endlessly single-mode photonic crystal fiber显示文摘 | BIRKS T A KNIGHT J C RUSSELL P St J | 1997 | Opt Lett1997，22，96： | 1 |
| 6 | Endlessly single-mode photonic crystal fiber显示文摘 | Birks T A Knight J C Russell P St J | 1997 | Opt Lett1997，22，13： | 1 |
| 7 | Soliton Effects in Photonic Crystal Fibers at 800 nm显示文摘 | Wadsworth W J Knight J C Ortigosa-Blanch A | 2000 | Electron Lett2000，36，： | 1 |
| 8 | All si-lica single-mode optical fiber with photonic crystal cladding显示文摘 | Knight J C Birks T A Russell P St J | 1996 | Optics Letters1996，21，19： | 1 |
| 9 | Highly birefringence photonic crystal fibers显示文摘 | Ortigasta-Blanch A Knight J C Wadsworth W J | 2000 | Opt Lett2000，25，9： | 1 |
| 10 | Plant thermal hysteresis proteins显示文摘 | URRUTIA M E DUMAN J G KNIGHT C A | 1992 | Biochim Biophys Acta1992，1121，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Metabolic differences between 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid (HMB,Alimet) and D,1-methionine (DLM) during heat stress显示文摘 | Dibner J J Swick R A Knight C D | 1992 | Poult Sci1992，71，： | 1 |
| 12 | All-silica single-mode optical fiber with photonic crystal cladding显示文摘 | KNIGHT J C BIRKS T A RUSSELL P St J | 1996 | Opt Lett1996，21，19： | 1 |
| 13 | The role of epithelial injury and repair in the origins of asthma 显示文摘 | Haekett T L Knight D A | 2007 | Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol2007，7，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Prdx! inbibits tumorigenesis via regulating PTEN/AKT activity显示文摘 | Cao J Schulte ] Knight A | 2009 | EMBO J2009，28，10： | 1 |
| 15 | Genome size evolu- tion in relation to leaf strategy and metabolic rates revisited 显示文摘 | Beaulieu J M Leitch I J Knight C A | 2007 | Annals of Botany2007，99，： | 1 |
| 16 | Inhibition of recrystallization of ice by inset thermal hysteresis proteins: a possible cryopro- tective role显示文摘 | Knight C A Duman J G | 1986 | Cryobiology1986，23，： | 1 |
| 17 | A taxonomy of born-global firms显示文摘 | Knight G A Cavusgil S T | | 0，，03： | 1 |
| 18 | Mast cells dis- rupt epithelial barrier function during enteric nematode infection 显示文摘 | McDermott J R Bartram R E Knight P A | 2003 | PNAS2003，100，： | 1 |
| 19 | A flexible model of consumer country - of - origin perceptions 显示文摘 | Knight G A and Calantone R J | 2000 | Interna- tional Marketing Review2000，17，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Effect of interval from castration of bulls to slaughter on carcass characteristics and meat quality显示文摘 | Knight T W Cosgrove G P Death A F | 1999 | New Zea- land Journal of Agricultural Research1999，42，3： | 1 |
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