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| 1 | Recent advances and applications of machine learning in solidstate materials science显示文摘One of the most exciting tools that have entered the material science toolbox in recent years is machine learning.This collection of statistical methods has already proved to be capable of considerably speeding up both fundamental and applied research.At present,we are witnessing an explosion of works that develop and apply machine learning to solid-state systems.We provide a comprehensive overview and analysis of the most recent research in this topic.As a starting point,we introduce machine learning principles,algorithms,descriptors,and databases in materials science.We continue with the description of different machine learning approaches for the discovery of stable materials and the prediction of their crystal structure.Then we discuss research in numerous quantitative structure–property relationships and various approaches for the replacement of first-principle methods by machine learning.We review how active learning and surrogate-based optimization can be applied to improve the rational design process and related examples of applications.Two major questions are always the interpretability of and the physical understanding gained from machine learning models.We consider therefore the different facets of interpretability and their importance in materials science.Finally,we propose solutions and future research paths for various challenges in computational materials science. | Jonathan Schmidt Mário R.G.Marques Silvana Botti Miguel A.L.Marques | 2019 | npj Computational Materials2019，，1： | 49 |
| 2 | Portal vein thrombosis, mortality and hepatic decompensation in patients with cirrhosis: A meta-analysis显示文摘AIM: To determine the clinical impact of portal vein thrombosis in terms of both mortality and hepatic decompensations(variceal hemorrhage, ascites, portosystemic encephalopathy) in adult patients with cirrhosis.METHODS: We identified original articles reported through February 2015 in MEDLINE, Scopus, Science Citation Index, AMED, the Cochrane Library, and relevant examples available in the grey literature. Two independent reviewers screened all citations for inclusion criteria and extracted summary data. Random effects odds ratios were calculated to obtain aggregate estimates of effect size across included studies, with 95%CI.RESULTS: A total of 226 citations were identified and reviewed, and 3 studies with 2436 participants were included in the meta-analysis of summary effect. Patients with portal vein thrombosis had an increased risk of mortality(OR = 1.62, 95%CI: 1.11-2.36, P = 0.01). Portal vein thrombosis was associated with an increased risk of ascites(OR = 2.52, 95%CI: 1.63-3.89, P < 0.001). There was insufficient data available to determine the pooled effect on other markers of decompensation including gastroesophageal variceal bleeding or hepatic encephalopathy. CONCLUSION: Portal vein thrombosis appears to increase mortality and ascites, however, the relatively small number of included studies limits more generalizable conclusions. More trials with a direct comparison group are needed. | Jonathan G Stine Puja M Shah Scott L Cornella Sean R Rudnick Marwan S Ghabril George J Stukenborg Patrick G Northup | 2015 | World Journal of Hepatology2015，7，27： | 42 |
| 3 | Factors associated with time to laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis显示文摘AIM: To determine patient and process of care factors associated with performance of timely laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. METHODS: A retrospective medical record review of 88 consecutive patients with acute cholecystitis was conducted. Data collected included demographic data, co-morbidities, symptoms and physical findings at presentation, laboratory and radiological investigations, length of stay, complications, and admission service (medical or surgical). Patients not undergoing cholecystectomy during this hospitalization were excluded from analysis. Hierarchical generalized linear models were constructed to assess the association of pre-operative diagnostic procedures, presenting signs, and admitting service with time to surgery.RESULTS: Seventy cases met inclusion and exclusion criteria, among which 12 were admitted to the medical service and 58 to the surgical service. Mean ± SD time to surgery was 39.3 ± 43 h, with 87% of operations performed within 72 h of hospital arrival. In the adjusted models, longer time to surgery was associated with number of diagnostic studies and endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP, P = 0.01) as well with admission to medical service without adjustment for ERCP (P < 0.05). Patients undergoing both magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and computed tomography (CT) scans experienced the longest waits for surgery. Patients admitted to the surgical versus medical service underwent surgery earlier (30.4 ± 34.9 vs 82.7 ± 55.1 h, P < 0.01), had less post-operative complications (12% vs 58%, P < 0.01), and shorter length of stay (4.3 ± 3.4 vs 8.1 ± 5.2 d, P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: Admission to the medical service and performance of numerous diagnostic procedures, ERCP, or MRCP combined with CT scan were associated with longer time to surgery. Expeditious performance of ERCP and MRCP and admission of medically stable patients with suspected cholecystitis to the surgical service to speed up time to surgery should be considered. | Chris N Daniak David Peretz Jonathan M Fine Yun Wang Alan K Meinke William B Hale | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，7： | 13 |
| 4 | Abdominal applications of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging: Where do we stand?显示文摘Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is one of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences providing qualitative as well as quantitative information at a cellular level. It has been widely used for various applications in the central nervous system. Over the past decade, various extracranial applications of DWI have been increasingly explored, as it may detect changes even before signal alterations or morphological abnormalities become apparent on other pulse sequences. Initial results from abdominal MRI applications are promising, particularly in oncological settings and for the detection of abscesses. The purpose of this article is to describe the clinically relevant basic concepts of DWI, techniques to perform abdominal DWI, its analysis and applications in abdominal visceral MR imaging, in addition to a brief overview of whole body DWI MRI. | Ajaykumar C Morani Khaled M Elsayes Peter S Liu William J Weadock Janio Szklaruk Jonathan Russell Dillman Asra Khan Thomas L Chenevert Hero K Hussain | 2013 | World Journal of Radiology2013，5，3： | 12 |
| 5 | Augmenting peripheral nerve regeneration using stem cells: A review of current opinion显示文摘Outcomes following peripheral nerve injury remain frustratingly poor. The reasons for this are multifactorial, although maintaining a growth permissive environment in the distal nerve stump following repair is arguably the most important. The optimal environment for axonal regeneration relies on the synthesis and release of many biochemical mediators that are temporally and spatially regulated with a high level of incompletely understood complexity. The Schwann cell(SC) has emerged as a key player in this process. Prolonged periods of distal nerve stump denervation, characteristic of large gaps and proximal injuries, have been associated with a reduction in SC number and ability to support regenerating axons. Cell based therapy offers a potential therapy for the improvement of outcomes following peripheral nerve reconstruction. Stem cells have the potential to increase the number of SCs and prolong their ability to support regeneration. They may also have the ability to rescue and replenish populations of chromatolytic and apoptotic neurons following axotomy. Finally, they can be used in non-physiologic ways to preserve injured tissues such as denervated muscle while neuronal ingrowth has not yet occurred. Aside from stem cell type, careful consideration must be given to differentiation status, how stem cells are supported following transplantation and how they will be delivered to the site of injury. It is the aim of this article to review current opinions on the strategies of stem cell based therapy for the augmentation of peripheral nerve regeneration. | Neil G Fairbairn Amanda M Meppelink Joanna Ng-Glazier Mark A Randolph Jonathan M Winograd | 2015 | World Journal of Stem Cells2015，7，1： | 12 |
| 6 | 印度板块和亚洲大陆在何时何地碰撞显示文摘印度板块和亚洲大陆的初始碰撞时间是所有相关的喜马拉雅-西藏造山体系演化模式的主控条件,并严重影响到对众多与青藏高原隆升和东亚大陆挤出相关的地质过程速率的解释,以及对新生代全球气候变化的理解。尽管印度板块和亚洲大陆汇聚的速率在55Ma突然减缓被广泛地认为是初始碰撞的标志,但这次碰撞所造成的主要构造效应直到20多个百万年以后才显现出来。对印度板块和亚洲大陆相对位置的重新估算,表明它们在55Ma时并没有达到可以彼此发生碰撞的距离。基于来自西藏新的野外证据和对已有数据的重新评估,认为初始碰撞发生在始新世—渐新世之交(约34Ma),并对55Ma时发生的地质事件提出了另一种解释。 | Jonathan C Aitchison Jason R Ali Aileen M Davis 戴紧根(译) 赵西西(校) | 2008 | 地质通报2008，27，9： | 8 |
| 7 | Role of CD56-expressing immature biliary epithelial cells in biliary atresia显示文摘AIM: To analyze the clinical and pathological parameters and expression of the neural cell adhesion molecule(CD56) in patients with biliary atresia(BA).METHODS: Established clinical laboratory markers of hepatic function, including enzyme activity, protein synthesis, and bilirubin metabolism, were evaluated in patients with BA and compared with those in patients with choledochal cysts and neonatal hepatitis. Pathological changes in tissue morphology and fibrosis were examined by histological and tissue collagen staining. Immunohistochemical staining for the biliary epithelial cell markers CD56 and CK19 together with the Notch signaling related molecules Notch1 and Notch2 was performed in the context of alterations in the structure of intrahepatic biliary ducts.RESULTS: Differences in some clinical laboratoryparameters among the three diseases examined were observed, but they did not correlate with the pathological classification of fibrosis in BA. Immunohistochemical staining showed the presence of CD56-positive immature bile ducts in most patients(74.5%) with BA but not in patients with choledochal cysts or neonatal hepatitis. The number of CD56-expressing cells correlated with disease severity, with more positive cells present in the later stages of liver damage(81.8% vs 18.2%). Furthermore, bile plugs were mainly found in CD56-positive immature biliary ducts. Notch signaling was a key regulatory pathway in biliary duct formation and played a role in tissue fibrosis. Notch1 was co-expressed in CD56-positive cells, whereas Notch2 was found exclusively in blood vessels in the portal area of patients with BA. CONCLUSION: The maturation of biliary epithelial cells and the expression of Notch may play a role in the pathogenesis of BA. | Rui-Zhong Zhang Jia-Kang Yu Jiao Peng Feng-Hua Wang Hai-Ying Liu Vincent CH Lui John M Nicholls Paul KH Tam Jonathan R Lamb Yan Chen Hui-Min Xia | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，8： | 8 |
| 8 | 诊断性试验和策略的证据质量和推荐强度的分级显示文摘GRADE系统能对诊断性试验或策略的证据质量和推荐强度进行分级。本文旨在阐释在此过程中如何考虑患者的重要结局, | Holger J Schünemann Andrew D Oxman Jan Brozek Paul Glasziou Roman Jaeschke Gunn E Vist John W Williams Jr Regina Kunz Jonathan Craig Victor M Montori Patrick Bossuyt Gordon H Guyatt 李晓 黄程 陈耀龙 李幼平 | 2009 | 中国循证医学杂志2009，9，5： | 7 |
| 9 | Thrombus aspiration during primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction:A review of clinical evidence and guidelines显示文摘Acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI) is characterized by complete thrombotic occlusion of a major coronary artery. Early recanalization of the infarct-related artery is most efficiently delivered by primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PPCI),however this does not always restore normal myocardial perfusion,mainly due to distal embolization of the thrombus and microvascular obstruction. Early evidence for manual thrombus aspiration during PPCI was promising and this was once considered an important aspect of the procedure,especially in patients with a high thrombus burden. However,a large body of evidence from recent major randomized controlled trials(notably TASTE and TOTAL) does not support the routine use of manual thrombus aspiration in patients with STEMI undergoing PPCI. | Muhammad Muzaffar Mahmood Jonathan Watt Javed M Ahmed | 2015 | World Journal of Cardiology2015，7，12： | 7 |
| 10 | Clinical outcomes following salvage Gamma Knife radiosurgery for recurrent glioblastoma显示文摘Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor with a survival prognosis of 14-16 mo for the highest functioning patients. Despite aggressive, multimodal upfront therapies, the majority of GBMs will recur in approximately six months. Salvage therapy options for recurrent GBM(r GBM) are an area of intense research. This study compares recent survival and quality of life outcomes following Gamma Knife radiosurgery(GKRS) salvage therapy. Following a Pub Med search for studies usingGKRS as salvage therapy for malignant gliomas, nine articles from 2005 to July 2013 were identified which evaluated rG BM treatment. In this review, we compare overall survival following diagnosis, overall survival following salvage treatment, progression-free survival, time to recurrence, local tumor control, and adverse radiation effects. This report discusses results for rG BM patient populations alone, not for mixed populations with other tumor histology grades. All nine studies reported median overall survival rates(from diagnosis, range:16.7-33.2 mo; from salvage, range:9-17.9 mo). Three studies identified median progression-free survival(range:4.6-14.9 mo). Two showed median time to recurrence of GBM. Two discussed local tumor control. Six studies reported adverse radiation effects(range:0%-46% of patients). The greatest survival advantages were seen in patients who received GKRS salvage along with other treatments, like resection or bevacizumab, suggesting that appropriately tailored multimodal therapy should be considered with each rG BM patient. However, there needs to be a randomized clinical trial to test GKRS for rG BM before the possibility of selection bias can be dismissed. | Erik W Larson Halloran E Peterson Wayne T Lamoreaux Alexander R MacKay Robert K Fairbanks Jason A Call Jonathan D Carlson Benjamin C Ling John J Demakas Barton S Cooke Christopher M Lee | 2014 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2014，5，2： | 5 |
| 11 | Esophageal tissue engineering:A new approach for esophageal replacement显示文摘A number of congenital and acquired disorders require esophageal tissue replacement.Various surgical techniques,such as gastric and colonic interposition,are standards of treatment,but frequently complicated by stenosis and other problems.Regenerative medicine approaches facilitate the use of biological constructs to replace or regenerate normal tissue function.We review the literature of esophageal tissue engineering,discuss its implications,compare the methodologies that have been employed and suggest possible directions for the future.Medline,Embase,the Cochrane Library,National Research Register and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched with the following search terms:stem cell and esophagus,esophageal replacement,esophageal tissue engineering,esophageal substitution.Reference lists of papers identified were also examined and experts in this field contacted for further information.All full-text articles in English of all potentially relevant abstracts were reviewed.Tissue engineering has involved acellular scaffolds that were either transplanted with the aim of being repopulated by host cells or seeded prior to transplantation.When acellular scaffolds were used to replace patch and short tubular defects they allowed epithelial and partial muscular migration whereas when employed for long tubular defects the results were poor leading to an increased rate of stenosis and mortality.Stenting has been shown as an effective means to reduce stenotic changes and promote cell migration,whilst omental wrapping to induce vascularization of the construct has an uncertain benefit.Decellularized matrices have been recently suggested as the optimal choice for scaffolds,but smart polymers that will incorporate signalling to promote cell-scaffold interaction may provide a more reproducible and available solution.Results in animal models that have used seeded scaffolds strongly suggest that seeding of both muscle and epithelial cells on scaffolds prior to implantation is a prerequisite for complete esophageal replacement.Novel approaches need to be designed to allow for peristalsis and vascularization in the engineered esophagus.Although esophageal tissue engineering potentially offers a real alternative to conventional treatments for severe esophageal disease,important barriers remain that need to be addressed. | Giorgia Totonelli Panagiotis Maghsoudlou Jonathan M Fishman Giuseppe Orlando Tahera Ansari Paul Sibbons Martin A Birchall Agostino Pierro Simon Eaton Paolo De Coppi | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，47： | 5 |
| 12 | Colonic manifestations of PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome: Case series and systematic review显示文摘AIM:To investigate our clinical experience with the colonic manifestations of phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome ten(PTEN)hamartoma tumor syndrome(PHTS)and to perform a systematic literature review regarding the same.METHODS:This study was approved by the appropriate institutional review board prior to initiation.A clinical genetics database was searched for patients with PHTS or a component syndrome that received gastrointestinal endoscopy or pathology interpretation at our center.These patient’s records were retrospectively reviewed for clinical characteristics(including family history and genetic testing),endoscopy results and pathology findings.We also performed a systematic review of the literature for case series of PHTS or component syndromes that reported gastrointestinal manifestations and investigations published after consensus diagnostic criteria were established in 1996.These results were compiled and reported.RESULTS:Eight patients from our institution met initial inclusion criteria.Of these,5 patients underwent4.2 colonoscopies at mean age 45.8±10.8 years.All were found to have colon polyps during their clinical course and polyp histology included adenoma,hyperplastic,ganglioneuroma and juvenile.No malignant lesions were identified.Two had multiple histologic types.One patient underwent colectomy due to innumerable polyps and concern for future malignant potential.Systematic literature review of PHTS patients undergoing endoscopy revealed 107 patients receiving colonoscopy at mean age 37.4 years.Colon polyps were noted in92.5%and multiple colon polyp histologies were reported in 53.6%.Common polyp histologies included hyperplastic(43.6%),adenoma(40.4%),hamartoma(38.3%),ganglioneuroma(33%)and inflammatory(24.5%)polyps.Twelve(11.2%)patients had colorectal cancer at mean age 46.7 years(range 35-62).Clinical outcomes secondary to colon polyposis and malignancy were not commonly reported.CONCLUSION:PHTS has a high prevalence of colon polyposis with multiple histologic types.It should be considered a mixed polyposis syndrome.Systematic review found an increased prevalence of colorectal cancer and we recommend initiating colonoscopy for colorectal cancer surveillance at age 35 years. | Peter P Stanich Robert Pilarski Jonathan Rock Wendy L Frankel Samer El-Dika Marty M Meyer | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，7： | 5 |
| 13 | Capsule endoscopy in suspected small bowel Crohn's disease:Economic impact of disease diagnosis and treatment显示文摘AIM: To model clinical and economic benef its of capsule endoscopy (CE) compared to ileo-colonoscopy and small bowel follow-through (SBFT) for evaluation of suspected Crohn’s disease (CD). METHODS: Using decision analytic modeling, total and yearly costs of diagnostic work-up for suspected CD were calculated, including procedure-related adverse events, hospitalizations, off ice visits, and medications. The model compared CE to SBFT following ileo-colonoscopy and secondarily compared CE to SBFT for initial evaluation. RESULTS: Aggregate charges for newly diagnosed, medically managed patients are approximately $8295. Patients requiring aggressive medical management costs are $29 508; requiring hospitalization, $49 074. At sensitivity > 98.7% and specifi city of > 86.4%, CE is less costly than SBFT. CONCLUSION: Costs of CE for diagnostic evaluationof suspected CD is comparable to SBFT and may be used immediately following ileo-colonoscopy. | Jonathan A Leighton Ian M Gralnek Randel E Richner Michael J Lacey Frank J Papatheofanis | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，45： | 5 |
| 14 | Celiac plexus neurolysis in the management of unresectable pancreatic cancer:When and how?显示文摘Pancreatic cancer is the second most common abdominal cancer in North America with an estimated 20%resectability at diagnosis,and overall 5-year survival of 5%.Pain is common in pancreatic cancer patients with 70%-80%suffering substantial pain.Celiac plexus neurolysis(CPN)is a technique that can potentially improve pain control in pancreatic cancer while preventing further escalation of opioid consumption.CPN is performed by injecting absolute alcohol into the celiac plexus neural network of ganglia.This review sets out to explore the current status of CPN in non-resectable pancreatic cancer.We will examine:(1)the efficacy and safety of percutaneous-CPN and endoscopic ultrasound guided-CPN;(2)specific technique modifications including bilateral(vs central)injections and celiac ganglia neurolysis;and(3)the issue of CPN timing,early at pancreatic cancer diagnosis vs traditional late use as salvage therapy. | Jonathan M Wyse Yen-I Chen Anand V Sahai | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，9： | 4 |
| 15 | 选择性环氧化酶2抑制剂和传统非甾体抗炎药增加粥样血栓形成的风险吗?随机试验的荟萃分析显示文摘目的:评价选择性环氧化酶2(COX-2)抑制剂和传统的非甾体类抗炎药(NSMDs)在发生血管事件上的风险性。设计:对已发表和未发表随机试验的表格式资料进行荟萃分析,对传统 NSAIDs 的作用进行间接评估。资料来源:资料分别来源于 Medline 和 Embase(1966年1月至2005年4月);食品与药品管理局记录;以及诺华、辉瑞、默克公司的资料。回顾方法:符合以下条件的随机试验入组本研究:一种选择性 COX-2抑制剂与安慰剂比较或一种选择性 COX-2抑制剂与一种传统的 NSAID之间对比;用药持续时间至少4周;包含严重血管事件方面的信息,如心肌梗死、卒中或由于血管事件死亡。各个独立研究者和药厂为本研究提供了有关随机化的病人数目、血管事件的数目以及每个随机化小组中随访的人时(Person time)等信息。结果:在与安慰剂对比的试验中,选择性COX-2抑制剂使严重血管事件发生率增加42%(1.2%/年比0.9%/年;率比1.42,95%可信区间1.13~1.78;P=0.005);不同的选择性 COX-2抑制剂之间没有显著性差异。这主要归因于心肌梗死的风险增加(0.6%/年比0.3%/年;1.86,1.33~2.59;P=0.0003),在其他血管性事件上没有明显的区别。在为时至少1年的试验中(平均2.7年),血管事件的率比是1.45(1.12~1.89;P=0.005)。总的来说,严重血管事件的发生率在选择性 COX-2抑制剂和任何传统 NSAID 之间没有差异(1.0%/年比0.9%/年;1.16,0.97~1.38;P=0.1)。然而,在选择性 COX-2抑制剂与萘普生对比的试验(1.57,1.21~2.03)和选择性COX-2抑制剂与非萘普生类 NSAIDs 相比较的试验之间(0.88,O.69~1.12),我们发现了统计学差异。与安慰剂比较血管事件的总体比率如下:萘普生0.92(0.67~1.26),布洛芬1.51(0.96~2.37),双氯芬酸1.63(1.12~2.37)。结论:选择性 COX-2抑制剂可以中等度增加血管事件的风险性,大剂量布洛芬和双氯芬酸同样具有此作用,但大剂量萘普生不明显增加血管事件的风险性。 | Patricia M Kearney Colin Baigent Jon Godwin Heather Halls Jonathan R Emberson Carlo Patrono 徐东(译) 张卓莉(校) | 2006 | 英国医学杂志中文版2006，9，5： | 4 |
| 16 | Chronic myeloid leukemia-from the Philadelphia chromosome to specific target drugs:A literature review显示文摘Chronic myeloid leukemia(CML)is a myeloproliferative neoplasm and was the first neoplastic disease associated with a well-defined genotypic anomaly―the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome.The advances in cytogenetic and molecular assays are of great importance to the diagnosis,prognosis,treatment,and monitoring of CML.The discovery of the breakpoint cluster region(BCR)-Abelson murine leukemia(ABL)1 fusion oncogene has revolutionized the treatment of CML patients by allowing the development of targeted drugs that inhibit the tyrosine kinase activity of the BCR-ABL oncoprotein.Tyrosine kinase inhibitors(known as TKIs)are the standard therapy for CML and greatly increase the survival rates,despite adverse effects and the odds of residual disease after discontinuation of treatment.As therapeutic alternatives,the subsequent TKIs lead to faster and deeper molecular remissions;however,with the emergence of resistance to these drugs,immunotherapy appears as an alternative,which may have a cure potential in these patients.Against this background,this article aims at providing an overview on CML clinical management and a summary on the main targeted drugs available in that context. | Mariana Miranda Sampaio Maria Luísa Cordeiro Santos Hanna Santos Marques Vinícius Lima de Souza Gonçalves Glauber Rocha Lima Araújo Luana Weber Lopes Jonathan Santos Apolonio Camilo Santana Silva Luana Kauany de SáSantos Beatriz Rocha Cuzzuol Quézia Estéfani Silva Guimarães Mariana Novaes Santos Breno Bittencourt de Brito Filipe Antônio França da Silva Márcio Vasconcelos Oliveira Cláudio Lima Souza Fabrício Freire de Melo | 2021 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2021，12，2： | 3 |
| 17 | Efficacy of boceprevir, an NS3 protease inhibitor, in combination with peginterferon alfa-2b and ribavirin in treatment-naive patients with genotype 1 hepatitis C infection (SPRINT-1): an open-label, randomised, multicentre phase 2 trial显示文摘 | Paul Y Kwo Eric J Lawitz Jonathan McCone Eugene R Schiff John M Vierling David Pound Mitchell N Davis Joseph S Galati Stuart C Gordon Natarajan Ravendhran Lorenzo Rossaro Frank H Anderson Ira M Jacobson Raymond Rubin Kenneth Koury Lisa D Pedicone Clifford | 2010 | The Lancet2010，，9742： | 3 |
| 18 | Dysfunctional stem and progenitor cells impair fracture healing with age显示文摘Successful fracture healing requires the simultaneous regeneration of both the bone and vasculature;mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are directed to replace the bone tissue, while endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) form the new vasculature that supplies blood to the fracture site. In the elderly, the healing process is slowed, partly due to decreased regenerative function of these stem and progenitor cells. MSCs from older individuals are impaired with regard to cell number, proliferative capacity, ability to migrate, and osteochondrogenic differentiation potential. The proliferation, migration and function of EPCs are also compromised with advanced age. Although the reasons for cellular dysfunction with age are complex and multidimensional, reduced expression of growth factors, accumulation of oxidative damage from reactive oxygen species, and altered signaling of the Sirtuin-1 pathway are contributing factors to aging at the cellular level of both MSCs and EPCs. Because of these geriatric-specific issues, effective treatment for fracture repair may require new therapeutic techniques to restore cellular function. Some suggested directions for potential treatments include cellular therapies, pharmacological agents, treatments targeting age-related molecular mechanisms, and physical therapeutics. Advanced age is the primary risk factor for a fracture, due to the low bone mass and inferior bone quality associated with aging;a better understanding of the dysfunctional behavior of the aging cell will provide a foundation for new treatments to decrease healing time and reduce the development of complications during the extended recovery from fracture healing in the elderly. | Diane R Wagner Sonali Karnik Zachary J Gunderson Jeffery J Nielsen Alanna Fennimore Hunter J Promer Jonathan W Lowery M Terry Loghmani Philip S Low Todd O McKinley Melissa A Kacena Matthias Clauss Jiliang Li | 2019 | World Journal of Stem Cells2019，11，6： | 3 |
| 19 | A striking local esophageal cytokine expression profile in eosinophilic esophagitis显示文摘 | Carine Blanchard Emily M. Stucke Beatriz Rodriguez-Jimenez Karen Burwinkel Margaret H. Collins Annette Ahrens Eileen S. Alexander Bridget K. Buckmeier Butz Sean C. Jameson Ajay Kaul James P. Franciosi Jonathan P. Kushner Philip E. Putnam J. Pablo Abonia M | 2010 | The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology2010，，1： | 3 |
| 20 | Heparin resistance in severe thermal injury:a prospective cohort study显示文摘Background:Low molecular-weight heparin(LMWH)is routinely administered to burn patients for thromboprophylaxis.Some studies have reported heparin resistance,yet the mechanism(s)and prevalence have not been systematically studied.We hypothesized that nucleosomes,composed of histone structures with associated DNA released from injured tissue and activated immune cells in the form of neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs or NETosis),neutralize LMWH resulting in suboptimal anticoagulation,assessed by reduction in anti-factor Xa activity.Methods:Blood was sampled from>15%total body surface area(TBSA)burn patients receiving LMWH on days 5,10 and 14.Peak anti-factor Xa(AFXa)activity,anti-thrombin(ATIII)activity,cellfree DNA(cfDNA)levels and nucleosome levels were measured.Mixed effects regression was adjusted for multiple confounders,including injury severity and ATIII activity,and was used to test the association between nucleosomes and AFXa.Results:A total of 30 patients with severe burns were included.Mean TBSA 43%(SD 17).Twentythree(77%)patients were affected by heparin resistance(defined by AFXa activity<0.2 IU/mL).Mean peak AFXa activity across samples was 0.18 IU/mL(SD 0.11).Mean ATIII was 81.9%activity(SD 20.4).Samples taken at higher LWMH doses were found to have significantly increased AFXa activity,though the effect was not observed at all doses,at 8000 IU no samples were heparin resistant.Nucleosome levels were negatively correlated with AFXa(r=−0.29,p=0.050)consistent with the hypothesis.The final model,with peak AFXa as the response variable,was adjusted for nucleosome levels(p=0.0453),ATIII activity(p=0.0053),LMWH dose pre-sample(p=0.0049),drug given(enoxaparin or tinzaparin)(p=0.03),and other confounders including severity of injury,age,gender,time point of sample.Conclusions:Heparin resistance is a prevalent issue in severe burns.Nucleosome levels were increased post-burn,and showed an inverse association with AFXa consistent with the hypothesis that they may interfere with the anticoagulant effect of heparin in vivo and contribute to heparin resistance.Accurate monitoring of AFXa activity with appropriate therapy escalation plans are recommended with dose adjustment following severe burn injury. | Liam D Cato Benjamin Bailiff Joshua Price Christos Ermogeneous Jon Hazeldine William Lester Gillian Lowe Christopher Wearn Jonathan RB Bishop Janet M Lord Naiem Moiemen Paul Harrison | 2021 | Burns & Trauma2021，9，1： | 3 |
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