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| 1 | MicroRNAs as biomarkers of diabetic retinopathy and disease progression显示文摘Diabetes mellitus, together with its complications, has been increasing in prevalence worldwide. Its complications include cardiovascular disease(e.g., myocardial infarction, stroke), neuropathy, nephropathy, and eye complications(e.g., glaucoma, cataracts, retinopathy, and macular edema). In patients with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus, diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of visual impairment or blindness. It is characterized by progressive changes in the retinal microvasculature. The progression from nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy to a more advanced stage of moderate to severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy and proliferative diabetic retinopathy occurs very quickly after diagnosis of mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy. The etiology of diabetic retinopathy is unclear, and present treatments have limited effectiveness. Currently diabetic retinopathy can only be diagnosed by a trained specialist, which reduces the population that can be examined. A screening biomarker of diabetic retinopathy with high sensitivity and specificity would aid considerably in identifying those individuals in need of clinical assessment and treatment. The majority of the studies reviewed identified specific microRNAs in blood serum/plasma able to distinguish diabetic patients with retinopathy from those without retinopathy and for the progresion of the disease from nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy to proliferative diabetic retinopathy. In addition,certain microRNAs in vitreous humor were dysregulated in proliferative diabetic retinopathy compared to controls. A very high percentage of patients with diabetic retinopathy develop Alzheimer’s disease. Thus, identifying diabetic retinopathy by measurement of suitable biomarkers would also enable better screening and treatment of those individuals at risk of Alzheimer’s disease. | Bridget Martinez Philip V. Peplow | 2019 | Neural Regeneration Research2019，14，11： | 24 |
| 2 | 北京城区居民体质指数与慢性病危险因素关系分析显示文摘对 1 995~ 1 998年营养与食品安全所老年与临床营养室在北京地区慢性病社区防治研究中积累的1 2 4 6例 2 5~ 74岁居民的部分体检资料进行分析 ,观察不同人群体质指数 (BMI)、腰围 (WC)水平与慢性疾病相关因素 血清总胆固醇 (TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL C)、甘油三酯 (TG)、收缩压 (SBP)、舒张压 (DBP)、血糖 (FBG)及与高血压、高脂血症、糖尿病的检出率的关系。结果 :该人群超重及肥胖率男性为 41 7%及1 4 6 % ,女性为 32 0 %及 2 0 4%。超重及肥胖组高血压、高脂血症、糖尿病的检出率明显高于BMI正常组。相关分析结果表明BMI、WC与TC、TG、SBP、DBP呈显著正相关 ;与HDL C、HDL C TC呈显著负相关 ,WC与FBG呈显著正相关。提示为早期预防慢性病 ,应对BMI>2 | 付萍 薛安娜 姜垣 金水高 王淑琴 杨正雄 Bridget Hus-Hage Mark Wahlqvist | 2003 | 卫生研究2003，32，4： | 22 |
| 3 | MicroRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic tools for Alzheimer's disease: advances and limitations显示文摘Alzheimer's disease(AD) is the most common age-related, progressive neurodegenerative disease. It is characterized by memory loss and cognitive decline and responsible for most cases of dementia in the elderly. Late-onset or sporadic AD accounts for > 95% of cases, with age at onset > 65 years. Currently there are no drugs or other therapeutic agents available to prevent or delay the progression of AD. The cellular and molecular changes occurring in the brains of individuals with AD include accumulation of β-amyloid peptide and hyperphosphorylated tau protein, decrease of acetylcholine neurotransmitter, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Aggregation of β-amyloid peptide in extracellular plaques and the hyperphosphorylated tau protein in intracellular neurofibrillary tangles are characteristic of AD. A major challenge is identifying molecular biomarkers of the early-stage AD in patients as most studies have been performed with blood or brain tissue samples(postmortem) at late-stage AD. Subjects with mild cognitive impairment almost always have the neuropathologic features of AD with about 50% of mild cognitive impairment patients progressing to AD. They could provide important information about AD pathomechanism and potentially also highlight minimally or noninvasive, easy-to-access biomarkers. MicroRNAs are dysregulated in AD, and may facilitate the early detection of the disease and potentially the continual monitoring of disease progression and allow therapeutic interventions to be evaluated. Four recent reviews have been published of microRNAs in AD, each of which identified areas of weakness or limitations in the reported studies. Importantly, studies in the last three years have shown considerable progress in overcoming some of these limitations and identifying specific microRNAs as biomarkers for AD and mild cognitive impairment. Further large-scale human studies are warranted with less disparity in the study populations, and using an appropriate method to validate the findings. | Bridget Martinez Philip V.Peplow | 2019 | Neural Regeneration Research2019，14，2： | 18 |
| 4 | 妊娠糖尿病筛查与筛查阳性的危险因素分析显示文摘目的 在天津市区开展系统的妊娠糖尿病筛查、诊断和治疗 ,调查筛查阳性率和危险因素。方法 于 1999年在天津市内六区进行了妊娠糖尿病筛查。筛查孕周为 2 6~ 30周 ,使用 1小时 5 0g葡萄糖筛查试验 (GCT) ,血糖值≥7 8mmol/L的孕妇再进一步做口服葡萄糖耐量试验 (OGTT)。结果 筛查 94 71名孕妇 ,其中 9 38%的孕妇筛查阳性。 70 1名接受OGTT ,174名诊断为妊娠糖尿病。筛查阳性的危险因素有 :年龄 (OR :1 0 5 2 ,95 %CI:1 0 30~ 1 0 73) ,孕前体重 (OR :1 0 37,95 %CI:1 0 2 7~ 1 0 4 6 ) ,孕期增重 (OR :1 0 2 6 ,95 %CI:1 0 0 9~ 1 0 4 4 ) ,身高 (OR :0 94 3,95 %CI:0 92 7~ 0 95 9) ,糖尿病家族史 ,吸烟 (OR :3 2 84 ,95 %CI:1 0 5 2~ 10 2 5 3) ,妊高征 (OR :1 5 90 ,95 %CI:1 2 2 7~ 2 0 6 0 )。结论 天津市区妊娠糖尿病的筛选阳性率为 9 38%。高龄 ,身材矮 ,孕前体重高 ,孕期过多增重 ,糖尿病家族史 。 | 张红 杨西林 张翠萍 邵平 Bridget H-H Hsu-Hage | 2004 | 中国全科医学2004，7，2： | 16 |
| 5 | Acute kidney injury and post-reperfusion syndrome in liver transplantation显示文摘In the past decades liver transplantation(LT) has become the treatment of choice for patients with end stage liver disease(ESLD). The chronic shortage of cadaveric organs for transplantation led to the utilization of a greater number of marginal donors such as older donors or donors after circulatory death(DCD). The improved survival of transplanted patients has increased the frequency of long-term complications, in particular chronic kidney disease(CKD). Acute kidney injury(AKI) post-LT has been recently recognized as an important risk factor for the occurrence of denovo CKD in the long-term outcome. The onset of AKI post-LT is multifactorial, with pre-LT risk factors involved, including higher Model for End-stage Liver Disease score, more sever ESLD and pre-existing renal dysfunction, either with intra-operative conditions, in particular ischaemia reperfusion injury responsible for post-reperfusion syndrome(PRS) that can influence recipient's morbidity and mortality. Post-reperfusion syndrome-induced AKI is an important complication post-LT that characterizes kidney involvement caused by PRS with mechanisms not clearly understood and implication on graft and patient survival. Since preLT risk factors may influence intra-operative events responsible for PRS-induced AKI, we aim to consider all the relevant aspects involved in PRS-induced AKI in the setting of LT and to identify all studies that better clarified the specific mechanisms linking PRS and AKI. A Pub Med search was conducted using the terms liver transplantation AND acute kidney injury; liver transplantation AND post-reperfusion syndrome; acute kidney injury AND post-reperfusion syndrome; acute kidney injury AND DCD AND liver transplantation. Five hundred seventy four articles were retrieved on Pub Med search. Results were limited to title/abstract of English-language articles published between 2000 and 2015. Twenty-three studies were identified that specifically evaluated incidence, risk factors and outcome for patients developing PRS-induced AKI in liver transplantation. In order to identify intra-operative risk factors/mechanisms specifically involved in PRSinduced AKI, avoiding confounding factors, we have limited our study to 'acute kidney injury AND DCD AND liver transplantation'. Accordingly, three out of five studies were selected for our purpose. | Ilaria Umbro Francesca Tinti Irene Scalera Felicity Evison Bridget Gunson Adnan Sharif James Ferguson Paolo Muiesan Anna Paola Mitterhofer | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，42： | 16 |
| 6 | 大孔径闪烁仪与涡度相关系统对灌溉农田蒸散量的对比观测显示文摘蒸散是地表能量平衡的重要组成部分,在土壤-植物-大气连续体的能量、质量、动量交换过程中起着重要作用。大孔径闪烁仪(LAS)是近时期兴起的观测跨像元尺度地表通量的地面仪器,为验证其观测数据的可靠性,本文把专家认可且在中国生态系统研究网络(CERN)中广泛应用的涡度相关仪(EC)的观测数据作为参考依据,于2010年8月在中国科学院栾城农业生态系统试验站夏玉米田对大孔径闪烁仪计算结果进行验证。验证结果表明,两种仪器测定的地表感热通量日变化和月变化观测结果基本一致。由于下垫面属性、环境因子及观测范围等因素的影响,大孔径闪烁仪与涡度相关仪观测的蒸散量日变化之间有一定的差异,但日蒸散总量的测定基本一致。试验证明了大孔径闪烁仪观测数据的准确性。将大孔径闪烁仪计算的蒸散量与涡度相关仪观测值进行线性回归分析,二者的吻合度较高(R2=0.800 4)。研究结果显示,大孔径闪烁仪在地表水热通量的数据监测中具有很大的使用价值,为日后用大孔径闪烁仪验证遥感估算蒸散值奠定了基础。 | 杨凡 齐永青 张玉翠 Bridget R.Scanlon 沈彦俊 | 2011 | 中国生态农业学报2011，19，5： | 12 |
| 7 | Blood microRNAs as potential diagnostic and prognostic markers in cerebral ischemic injury显示文摘MicroRNAs are a family of small,genome-encoded endogenous RNAs that are transcribed but are not translated into proteins.They serve essential roles in virtually every aspect of brain function,including neurogenesis,neural development,and cellular responses leading to changes in synaptic plasticity.They are also implicated in neurodegeneration and neurological disorders,in responses to hypoxia and ischemia,and in ischemic tolerance induced by ischemic preconditioning.In recent developments,mi RNA expression profiling has been examined in stroke,and these studies indicate that mi RNAs have emerged as key mediators in ischemic stroke biology.Both increased and decreased mi RNA levels may be needed either as prevention or treatment of stroke.Novel approaches are being developed to get mi RNA related therapeutics into the brain across an intact blood-brain barrier,including chemical modification,use of targeting molecules and methods to disrupt the blood-brain barrier. | Bridget Martinez Philip V.Peplow | 2016 | Neural Regeneration Research2016，11，9： | 10 |
| 8 | MicroRNAs as disease progression biomarkers and therapeutic targets in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model of multiple sclerosis显示文摘Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by pronounced inflammatory infiltrates entering the brain,spinal cord and optic nerve leading to demyelination.Focal demyelination is associated with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis,while progressive forms of the disease show axonal degeneration and neuronal loss.The tests currently used in the clinical diagnosis and management of multiple sclerosis have limitations due to specificity and sensitivity.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are dysregulated in many diseases and disorders including demyelinating and neuroinflammatory diseases.A review of recent studies with the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis animal model(mostly female mice 6–12 weeks of age)has confirmed miRNAs as biomarkers of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis disease and importantly at the pre-onset(asymptomatic)stage when assessed in blood plasma and urine exosomes,and spinal cord tissue.The expression of certain miRNAs was also dysregulated at the onset and peak of disease in blood plasma and urine exosomes,brain and spinal cord tissue,and at the post-peak(chronic)stage of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis disease in spinal cord tissue.Therapies using miRNA mimics or inhibitors were found to delay the induction and alleviate the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis disease.Interestingly,experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis disease severity was reduced by overexpression of miR-146a,miR-23b,miR-497,miR-26a,and miR-20b,or by suppression of miR-182,miR-181c,miR-223,miR-155,and miR-873.Further studies are warranted on determining more fully miRNA profiles in blood plasma and urine exosomes of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis animals since they could serve as biomarkers of asymptomatic multiple sclerosis and disease course.Additionally,studies should be performed with male mice of a similar age,and with aged male and female mice. | Bridget Martinez Philip V.Peplow | 2020 | Neural Regeneration Research2020，15，10： | 10 |
| 9 | 美国高平原农业发展对地下水资源的影响及启示显示文摘全球范围内的高强度灌溉农业已经造成了严重的地下水危机,威胁农业生态系统和经济社会的可持续运行。在中国北方农耕区,依靠地下水支撑的农业系统正面临严重的水资源问题,其中以华北平原最为严重。美国高平原在近60年中依靠消耗地下水支撑农业生产,小麦、玉米的生产总量分别增加了2倍和10倍,这些农业上的成就却以累积消耗地下水约3 360亿m3为代价,并降低了农业系统应对极端干旱事件的能力。1980年以后,高平原北部地区依靠良好的地下水补给条件并通过地下水的禁采限采、推广喷灌技术等措施降低了地下水的消耗速率。然而由于高平原中、南部地下水采补依然失衡而导致地下水资源持续减少;北部地区在地下水保护的同时却未能有效减少农田的氮肥施用水平,导致地下水浅埋区比较严重的地下水污染。因此,在当下华北平原及我国北方地下水灌溉区大力治理地下水超采问题的实践中,必须与农业面源污染的控制和治理相向而行、质量兼顾、综合统筹。 | 裴宏伟 王彦芳 沈彦俊 马宏 Bridget R.Scanlon 刘昌明 | 2016 | 农业现代化研究2016，37，1： | 9 |
| 10 | MicroRNAs in blood and cerebrospinal fluid as diagnostic biomarkers of multiple sclerosis and to monitor disease progression显示文摘Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system.It is the main cause of non-traumatic neurological disability in young adults.Multiple sclerosis mostly affects people aged 20–50 years;however,it can occur in young children and much older adults.Factors identified in the distribution of MS include age,gender,genetics,environment,and ethnic background.Multiple sclerosis is usually associated with progressive degrees of disability.The disease involves demyelination of axons of the central nervous system and causes brain and spinal cord neuronal loss and atrophy.Diagnosing multiple sclerosis is based on a patient’s medical history including symptoms,physical examination,and various tests such as magnetic resonance imaging,cerebrospinal fluid and blood tests,and electrophysiology.The disease course of multiple sclerosis is not well correlated with the biomarkers presently used in clinical practice.Blood-derived biomarkers that can detect and distinguish the different phenotypes in multiple sclerosis may be advantageous in personalized treatment with disease-modifying drugs and to predict response to treatment.The studies reviewed have shown that the expression levels of a large number of miRNAs in peripheral blood,serum,exosomes isolated from serum,and cerebrospinal fluid are altered in multiple sclerosis and can distinguish the disease phenotypes from each other.Further studies are warranted to independently validate these findings so that individual or pairs of miRNAs in serum or cerebrospinal fluid can be used as potential diagnostic markers for adult and pediatric multiple sclerosis and for monitoring disease progression and response to therapy. | Bridget Martinez Philip V.Peplow | 2020 | Neural Regeneration Research2020，15，4： | 8 |
| 11 | MicroRNAs as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for traumatic brain injury显示文摘Traumatic brain injury(TBI) is characterized by primary damage to the brain from the external mechanical force and by subsequent secondary injury due to various molecular and pathophysiological responses that eventually lead to neuronal cell death. Secondary brain injury events may occur minutes, hours, or even days after the trauma, and provide valuable therapeutic targets to prevent further neuronal degeneration. At the present time, there is no effective treatment for TBI due, in part, to the widespread impact of numerous complex secondary biochemical and pathophysiological events occurring at different time points following the initial injury. Micro RNAs control a range of physiological and pathological functions such as development, differentiation, apoptosis and metabolism, and may serve as potential targets for progress assessment and intervention against TBI to mitigate secondary damage to the brain. This has implications regarding improving the diagnostic accuracy of brain impairment and long-term outcomes as well as potential novel treatments. Recent human studies have identified specific micro RNAs in serum/plasma(mi R-425-p,-21,-93,-191 and-499) and cerebro-spinal fluid(CSF)(mi R-328,-362-3 p,-451,-486 a) as possible indicators of the diagnosis, severity, and prognosis of TBI. Experimental animal studies have examined specific micro RNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for moderate and mild TBI(e.g., mi R-21, mi R-23 b). Micro RNA profiling was altered by voluntary exercise. Differences in basal micro RNA expression in the brain of adult and aged animals and alterations in response to TBI(e.g., mi R-21) have also been reported. Further large-scale studies with TBI patients are needed to provide more information on the changes in micro RNA profiles in different age groups(children, adults, and elderly). | Bridget Martinez Philip V.Peplow | 2017 | Neural Regeneration Research2017，12，11： | 7 |
| 12 | Amelioration of Alzheimer's disease pathology and cognitive deficits by immunomodulatory agents in animal models of Alzheimer's disease显示文摘The most common age-related neurodegenerative disease is Alzheimer's disease(AD) characterized by aggregated amyloid-β(Aβ) peptides in extracellular plaques and aggregated hyperphosphorylated tau protein in intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles,together with loss of cholinergic neurons,synaptic alterations,and chronic inflammation within the brain.These lead to progressive impairment of cognitive function.There is evidence of innate immune activation in AD with microgliosis.Classically-activated microglia(M1 state) secrete inflammatory and neurotoxic mediators,and peripheral immune cells are recruited to inflammation sites in the brain.The few drugs approved by the US FDA for the treatment of AD improve symptoms but do not change the course of disease progression and may cause some undesirable effects.Translation of active and passive immunotherapy targeting Aβ in AD animal model trials had limited success in clinical trials.Treatment with immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory agents early in the disease process,while not preventive,is able to inhibit the inflammatory consequences of both Aβ and tau aggregation.The studies described in this review have identified several agents with immunomodulatory properties that alleviated AD pathology and cognitive impairment in animal models of AD.The majority of the animal studies reviewed had used transgenic models of early-onset AD.More effort needs to be given to creat models of late-onset AD.The effects of a combinational therapy involving two or more of the tested pharmaceutical agents,or one of these agents given in conjunction with one of the cell-based therapies,in an aged animal model of AD would warrant investigation. | Bridget Martinez Philip V.Peplow | 2019 | Neural Regeneration Research2019，14，7： | 7 |
| 13 | MicroRNAs in Parkinson's disease and emerging therapeutic targets显示文摘Parkinson's disease(PD) is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder, with the clinical main symptoms caused by a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, corpus striatum and brain cortex. Over 90% of patients with PD have sporadic PD and occur in people with no known family history of the disorder. Currently there is no cure for PD. Treatment with medications to increase dopamine relieves the symptoms but does not slow down or reverse the damage to neurons in the brain. Increasing evidence points to inflammation as a chief mediator of PD with inflammatory response mechanisms, involving microglia and leukocytes, activated following loss of dopaminergic neurons. Oxidative stress is also recognized as one of the main causes of PD, and excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS) and reactive nitrogen species can lead to dopaminergic neuron vulnerability and eventual death. Micro RNAs control a range of physiological and pathological functions, and may serve as potential targets for intervention against PD to mitigate damage to the brain. Several studies have demonstrated that micro RNAs can regulate oxidative stress and prevent ROS-mediated damage to dopaminergic neurons, suggesting that specific micro RNAs may be putative targets for novel therapeutic strategies in PD. Recent human and animal studies have identified a large number of dysregulated micro RNAs in PD brain tissue samples, many of which were downregulated. The dysregulated micro RNAs affect downstream targets such as SNCA, PARK2, LRRK2, TNFSF13 B, LTA, SLC5 A3, PSMB2, GSR, GBA, LAMP-2 A, HSC. Apart from one study, none of the studies reviewed had used agomirs or antagomirs to reverse the levels of downregulated or upregulated micro RNAs, respectively, in mouse models of PD or with isolated human or mouse dopaminergic cells. Further large-scale studies of brain tissue samples collected with short postmortem interval from human PD patients are warranted to provide more information on the micro RNA profiles in different brain regions and to test for gender differences. | Bridget Martinez Philip V.Peplow | 2017 | Neural Regeneration Research2017，12，12： | 7 |
| 14 | Neuroprotection by immunomodulatory agents in animal models of Parkinson's disease显示文摘Parkinson's disease(PD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease for which the characteristic motor symptoms emerge after an extensive loss of dopamine containing neurons.The cell bodies of these neurons are present in the substantia nigra,with the nerve terminals being in the striatum.Both innate and adaptive immune responses may contribute to dopaminergic neurodegeneration and disease progression is potentially linked to these.Studies in the last twenty years have indicated an important role for neuroinflammation in PD through degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway.Characteristic of neuroinflammation is the activation of brain glial cells,principally microglia and astrocytes that release various soluble factors.Many of these factors are proinflammatory and neurotoxic and harmful to nigral dopaminergic neurons.Recent studies have identified several different agents with immunomodulatory properties that protected dopaminergic neurons from degeneration and death in animal models of PD.All of the agents were effective in reducing the motor deficit and alleviating dopaminergic neurotoxicity and,when measured,preventing the decrease of dopamine upon being administered therapeutically after 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine,6-hydroxydopamine,rotenone-lesioning or delivery of adeno-associated virus-α-synuclein to the ventral midbrain of animals.Some of these agents were shown to exert an anti-inflammatory action,decrease oxidative stress,and reduce lipid peroxidation products.Activation of microglia and astrocytes was also decreased,as well as infiltration of T cells into the substantia nigra.Pretreatment with fingolimod,tanshinoine I,dimethyl fumarate,thalidomide,or cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide as a preventive strategy ameliorated motor deficits and nigral dopaminergic neurotoxicity in brain-lesioned animals.Immunomodulatory agents could be used to treat patients with early clinical signs of the disease or potentially even prior to disease onset in those identified as having pre-disposing risk,including genetic factors. | Bridget Martinez Philip V.Peplow | 2018 | Neural Regeneration Research2018，13，9： | 7 |
| 15 | Immunomodulators and microRNAs as neurorestorative therapy for ischemic stroke显示文摘Most of all strokes are ischemic due to occlusion of a vessel, and comprise two main types, thrombotic and embolic. Inflammation and immune response play an important role in the outcome of ischemic stroke. Pharmaceutical and cell-based therapies with immunomodulatory properties could be of benefit in treating ischemic stroke. Possible changes in micro RNAs brought about by immunomodulatory treatments may be important. The pharmaceutical studies described in this review have identified several differentially regulated mi RNAs associated with disregulation of m RNA targets or the upregulation of several neuroprotective genes, thereby highlighting the potential neuroprotective roles of specific mi RNAs such as mi R-762,-1892,-200 a,-145. Mi R-124,-711,-145 are the strongly associated mi RNAs predicted to mediate anti-inflammatory pathways and microglia/macrophage M2-like activation phenotype. The cell-based therapy studies reviewed have mainly utilized mesenchymal stem cells or human umbilical cord blood cells and shown to improve functional and neurological outcomes in stroke animals. Mi R-145 and mi R-133 b were implicated in nerve cell remodeling and functional recovery after stroke. Human umbilical cord blood cells decreased proinflammatory factors and promoted M2 macrophage polarization in stroke diabetic animals. | Bridget Martinez Philip V.Peplow | 2017 | Neural Regeneration Research2017，12，6： | 5 |
| 16 | Relationship between HER-2 overexpression and brain metastasis in esophageal cancer patients显示文摘AIM:To study if HER-2 overexpression by locally advanced esophageal cancers increase the chance of brain metastasis following esophagectomy.METHODS:We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of esophageal cancer patients who underwent esophagectomy at University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics between 2000 and 2010.Data analyzed consisted of demographic and clinical variables.The brain metastasis tissue was assayed for HER-2 overexpression utilizing the FDA approved DAKO Hercept Test.RESULTS:One hundred and forty two patients were reviewed.Median age was 64 years(36-86 years).Eighty eight patients(62%) received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.Pathological complete and partial responses were achieved in 17(19%) and 71(81%) patients.Cancer relapsed in 43/142(30%) patients.The brain was the first site of relapse in 9/43 patients(21%,95% CI:10%-36%).HER-2 immunohistochemistry testing of the brain metastasis tissue showed that 5/9(56%) cases overexpressed HER-2(3+ staining).CONCLUSION:HER-2 overexpression might be associated with increased risk of brain metastasis in esophageal cancer patients following esophagectomy.Further studies will be required to validate this observation. | Taher Abu Hejleh Barry R DeYoung Eric Engelman Jeremy M Deutsch Bridget Zimmerman Thorvardur R Halfdanarson Daniel J Berg Kalpaj R Parekh William R Lynch Mark D Iannettoni Sudershan Bhatia Gerald Clamon | 2012 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2012，4，5： | 5 |
| 17 | miR-122 regulation of lipid metabolism revealed by in vivo antisense targeting显示文摘 | Christine Esau Scott Davis Susan F. Murray Xing Xian Yu Sanjay K. Pandey Michael Pear Lynnetta Watts Sheri L. Booten Mark Graham Robert McKay Amuthakannan Subramaniam Stephanie Propp Bridget A. Lollo Susan Freier C. Frank Bennett Sanjay Bhanot Brett P. Mo | 2006 | Cell Metabolism2006，，2： | 4 |
| 18 | 认知偏差及其对专家证人和法院的影响显示文摘专家证据为法院司法做出了巨大贡献。但是,在对人类思维方式和大脑信息处理过程有所知悉后,我们认识到,专家证据可能会受到情境信息和认知偏差的影响。认知科学能够发现这些潜在的弱点,并提出切实可行的办法来减少它们。 | Itiel E.Dror Bridget M.McCormack Jules Epstein 王进喜(译) 朱海(译) | 2019 | 证据科学2019，27，3： | 4 |
| 19 | MicroRNAs as potential biomarkers in temporal lobe epilepsy and mesial temporal lobe epilepsy显示文摘Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common form of focal epilepsy in adults,accounting for one third of all diagnosed epileptic patients,with seizures originating from or involving mesial temporal structures such as the hippocampus,and many of these patients being refractory to treatment with anti-epileptic drugs.Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common childhood neurological disorder and,compared with adults,the symptoms are greatly affected by age and brain development.Diagnosis of temporal lobe epilepsy relies on clinical examination,patient history,electroencephalographic recordings,and brain imaging.Misdiagnosis or delay in diagnosis is common.A molecular biomarker that could distinguish epilepsy from healthy subjects and other neurological conditions would allow for an earlier and more accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment to be initiated.Among possible biomarkers of pathological changes as well as potential therapeutic targets in the epileptic brain are micro RNAs.Most of the recent studies had performed micro RNA profiling in body fluids such as blood plasma and blood serum and brain tissues such as temporal cortex tissue and hippocampal tissue.A large number of micro RNAs were dysregulated when compared to healthy controls and with some overlap between individual studies that could serve as potential biomarkers.For example,in adults with temporal lobe epilepsy,possible biomarkers are miR-199a-3p in blood plasma and miR-142-5p in blood plasma and blood serum.In adults with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy,possible biomarkers are miR-153 in blood plasma and miR-145-3p in blood serum.However,in many of the studies involving patients who receive one or several anti-epileptic drugs,the influence of these on micro RNA expression in body fluids and brain tissues is largely unknown.Further studies are warranted with children with temporal lobe epilepsy and consideration should be given to utilizing mouse or rat and non-human primate models of temporal lobe epilepsy.The animal models could be used to confirm micro RNA findings in human patients and to test the effects of targeting specific micro RNAs on disease progression and behavior. | Bridget Martinez Philip V.Peplow | 2023 | Neural Regeneration Research2023，18，4： | 3 |
| 20 | Protective effects of pharmacological therapies in animal models of multiple sclerosis: a review of studies 2014–2019显示文摘Multiple sclerosis(MS)is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system.The disability caused by inflammatory demyelination clinically dominates the early stages of relapsing-remitting MS and is reversible.Once there is considerable loss of axons,MS patients enter a secondary progressive stage.Disease-modifying drugs currently in use for MS suppress the immune system and reduce relapse rates but are not effective in the progressive stage.Various animal models of MS(mostly mouse and rat)have been established and proved useful in studying the disease process and response to therapy.The experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis animal studies reviewed here showed that a chronic progressive disease can be induced by immunization with appropriate amounts of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein together with mycobacterium tuberculosis and pertussis toxin in Freund's adjuvant.The clinical manifestations of autoimmune encephalomyelitis disease were prevented or reduced by treatment with certain pharmacological agents given prior to,at,or after peak disease,and the agents had protective effects as shown by inhibiting demyelination and damage to neurons,axons and oligodendrocytes.In the cuprizone-induced toxicity animal studies,the pharmacological agents tested were able to promote remyelination and increase the number of oligodendrocytes when administered therapeutically or prophylactically.A monoclonal IgM antibody protected axons in the spinal cord and preserved motor function in animals inoculated with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus.In all these studies the pharmacological agents were administered singly.A combination therapy may be more effective,especially using agents that target neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration,as they may exert synergistic actions. | Bridget Martinez Philip V.Peplow | 2020 | Neural Regeneration Research2020，15，7： | 3 |
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