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| 1 | State-of-the-Art management of knee osteoarthritis显示文摘Osteoarthritis(OA) is the most common type of arthritis found in the United States' population and is also the most common disease of joints in adults throughout the world with the knee being the most frequently affected of all joints. As the United States' population ages along with the increasing trends in obesity prevalence in other parts of the world, it is expected that the burden of OA on the population, healthcare system, and overall economy will continue to increase in the future without making major improvements in managing knee OA. Numerous therapies aim to reduce symptoms of knee OA and continued research has helped to further understand the complex pathophysiology of its disease mechanism attempting to uncover new potential targets for the treatment of OA. This review article seeks to evaluate the current practices for managing knee OA and discusses emerging therapies on the horizon. These practices include non-pharmacological treatments such as providing patient education and self-management strategies, advising weight loss, strengthening programs, and addressing biomechanical issues with bracing or foot orthoses. Oral analgesics and anti-inflammatories are pharmacologicals that are commonly used and the literature overall supports that some of these medications can be helpful for managing knee OA in the short-term but are less effective for long-term management. Additionally, more prolonged use significantly increases the risk of serious associated side effects that are not too uncommon. Diseasemodifying osteoarthritis drugs are being researched as a treatment modality to potentially halt or slow disease progression but data at this time is limited and continued studies are being conducted to further investigate their effectiveness. Intra-articular injectables are also implemented to manage knee OA ranging from corticosteroids to hyaluronans to more recently plateletrich plasma and even stem cells while several other injection therapies are presently being studied. The goal of developing new treatment strategies for knee OA is to prolong the need for total knee arthroplasty which should be utilized only if other strategies have failed. High tibial osteotomy and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty are potential alternatives if only a single compartment is involved with more data supporting unicompartmental knee arthroplasty as a good treatment option in this scenario. Arthroscopy has been commonly used for many years to treat knee OA to address degenerative articular cartilage and menisci, however, several high-quality studies have shown that it is not a very effective treatment for the majority of cases and should generally not be considered when managing knee OA. Improving the management of knee OA requires a multi-faceted treatment approach along with continuing to broaden our understanding of this complex disease so that therapeutic advancements can continue to be developed with the goal of preventing further disease progression and even potentially reversing the degenerative process. | Kenton H Fibel Howard J Hillstrom Brian C Halpern | 2015 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2015，3，2： | 19 |
| 2 | Advancing research diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer’s disease: the IWG-2 criteria显示文摘 | Bruno Dubois Howard H Feldman Claudia Jacova Harald Hampel José Luis Molinuevo Kaj Blennow Steven T DeKosky Serge Gauthier Dennis Selkoe Randall Bateman Stefano Cappa Sebastian Crutch Sebastiaan Engelborghs Giovanni B Frisoni Nick C Fox Douglas Galasko Ma | 2014 | Lancet Neurology2014，，6： | 7 |
| 3 | A new numerical method to solve modified Reynolds equation for magnetic head/disk working in ultra-thin gas films显示文摘The modified Reynolds equation for ultra-thin gas films between magnetic head and disk assembly is difficult to solve with conventional numerical methods, since the bearing number is very large and there exist boundary layers where pressure changes rapidly. An iterative finite difference algorithm is introduced to solve the nonlinear modified Reynolds equation, with special treatment for the abrupt change in the thickness of the gas film. The numerical results for two types of magnetic heads demonstrate that the scheme is effective. | Howard H HU | 2008 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2008，51，4： | 7 |
| 4 | Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio:A prognostic tool in patients with inhospital cardiac arrest显示文摘BACKGROUND In-hospital cardiac arrest(IHCA) portends a poor prognosis and survival to discharge rate. Prognostic markers such as interleukin-6, S-100 protein and high sensitivity C reactive protein have been studied as predictors of adverse outcomes after return of spontaneous circulation(ROSC); however; these variables are not routine laboratory tests and incur additional cost making them difficult to incorporate and less attractive in assessing patient's prognosis. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio(NLR) is a marker of adverse prognosis for many cardiovascular conditions and certain types of cancers and sepsis. We hypothesize that an elevated NLR is associated with poor outcomes including mortality at discharge in patients with IHCA.AIM To determine the prognostic significance of NLR in patients suffering IHCA who achieve ROSC.METHODS A retrospective study was performed on all patients who had IHCA with the advanced cardiac life support protocol administered in a large urban community United States hospital over a one-year period. Patients were divided into two groups based on their NLR value(NLR < 4.5 or NLR ≥ 4.5). This cutpoint was derived from receiving operator characteristic curve analysis(area under the curve = 0.66) and provided 73% positive predictive value, 82% sensitivity and42% specificity for predicting in-hospital death after IHCA. The primary outcome was death or discharge at 30 d, whichever came first.RESULTS We reviewed 153 patients with a mean age of 66.1 ± 16.3 years; 48% were female.In-hospital mortality occurred in 65%. The median NLR in survivors was 4.9(range 0.6-46.5) compared with 8.9(0.28-96) in non-survivors(P = 0.001). A multivariable logistic regression model demonstrated that an NLR above 4.55[odds ratio(OR) = 5.20, confidence interval(CI): 1.5-18.3, P = 0.01], older age(OR= 1.03, CI: 1.00-1.07, P = 0.05), and elevated serum lactate level(OR = 1.20, CI:1.03-1.40, P = 0.02) were independent predictors of death.CONCLUSION An NLR ≥ 4.5 may be a useful marker of increased risk of death in patients with IHCA. | Vishal H Patel Philip Vendittelli Rajat Garg Susan Szpunar Thomas LaLonde John Lee Howard Rosman Rajendra H Mehta Hussein Othman | 2019 | World Journal of Critical Care Medicine2019，8，2： | 5 |
| 5 | Risk for emerging bipolar disorder, variants, and symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, now grown up显示文摘AIM: To determine the prevalence of bipolar disorder(BD) and sub-threshold symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) through 14 years' follow-up, when participants were between 21-24 years old.METHODS: First, we examined rates of BD type Ⅰ?and Ⅱ diagnoses in youth participating in the NIMH-funded Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD(MTA). We used the diagnostic interview schedule for children(DISC), administered to both parents(DISC-P) and youth(DISCY). We compared the MTA study subjects with ADHD(n = 579) to a local normative comparison group(LNCG, n = 289) at 4 different assessment points: 6, 8, 12, and 14 years of follow-ups. To evaluate the bipolar variants, we compared total symptom counts(TSC) of DSM manic and hypomanic symptoms that were generated by DISC in ADHD and LNCG subjects. Then we sub-divided the TSC into pathognomonic manic(PM) and non-specific manic(NSM) symptoms. We compared the PM and NSM in ADHD and LNCG at each assessment point and over time. We also evaluated the irritability as category A2 manic symptom in both groups and over time. Finally, we studied the irritability symptom in correlation with PM and NSM in ADHD and LNCG subjects.RESULTS: DISC-generated BD diagnosis did not differ significantly in rates between ADHD(1.89%) and LNCG 1.38%). Interestingly, no participant met BD diagnosis more than once in the 4 assessment points in 14 years. However, on the symptom level, ADHD subjects reported significantly higher mean TSC scores: ADHD 3.0; LNCG 1.7; P < 0.001. ADHD status was associated with higher mean NSM: ADHD 2.0 vs LNCG 1.1; P < 0.0001. Also, ADHD subjects had higher PM symptoms than LNCG, with PM means over all time points of 1.3 ADHD; 0.9 LNCG; P = 0.0001. Examining both NSM and PM, ADHD status associated with greater NSM than PM. However, Over 14 years, the NSM symptoms declined and changed to PM over time(df 3, 2523; F = 20.1; P < 0.0001). Finally, Irritability(BD DSM criterion-A2) rates were significantly higher in ADHD than LNCG(χ2 = 122.2, P < 0.0001), but irritability was associated more strongly with NSM than PM(df 3, 2538; F = 43.2; P < 0.0001).CONCLUSION: Individuals with ADHD do not appear to be at significantly greater risk for developing BD, but do show higher rates of BD symptoms, especially NSM. The greater linkage of irritability to NSM than to PM suggests caution when making BD diagnoses based on irritability alone as one of 2(A-level) symptoms for BD diagnosis, particularly in view of its frequent presentation with other psychopathologies. | Ahmed Z Elmaadawi Peter S Jensen L Eugene Arnold Brooke SG Molina Lily Hechtman Howard B Abikoff Stephen P Hinshaw Jeffrey H Newcorn Laurence Lee Greenhill James M Swanson Cathryn A Galanter | 2015 | World Journal of Psychiatry2015，5，4： | 3 |
| 6 | B7-1 and B7-2 costimulatory molecules activate differentially the Th1/Th2 developmental pathways: Application to autoimmune disease therapy显示文摘 | Vijay K Kuchroo Mercy Prabhu Das Julia A Brown Ann M Ranger Scott S Zamvil Raymond A Sobel Howard L Weiner Nasrin Nabavi Laurie H Glimcher | 1995 | Cell1995，，5： | 2 |
| 7 | Chestnut and hazel propagation by leafy summer euttings显示文摘 | Ponehia G Howard B H | 1988 | Aeta Hortieulturae1988，227，： | 1 |
| 8 | phenomena of scintillation noise in radar-tracking system显示文摘 | Dunn J H Howard D D king A M | 1959 | Proceedings of IRE1959，47，5： | 1 |
| 9 | The apparent, of polyphenol oxidase and phloridzin in the production of apple rooting cofactors显示文摘 | Bassuk N L Hunter L D Howard B H | 1981 | J Hort Sci1981，56，4： | 1 |
| 10 | Seismic performance assessment of water delivery systems显示文摘 | Hwang Howard H M Lin Huijie Shinozuka Masanobu | 1998 | Journal of Infrastructure Systems:ASCE1998，4，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Vaccination of boars with a GnRH(Improvac) eliminates boar taint and increases growth performance显示文摘 | Dunshea F R Colantoni C Howard H | 2001 | J Anim Sci2001，79，10： | 1 |
| 12 | Exacerbation of Acanthamoeba keratitis in animals treated with anti-macrophage inflammatory protein 2 or antineutrophil antibodies显示文摘 | Hurt M Apte S Leher H Howard K Niederkorn J Alizadeh H | 2001 | Infect Immun2001，69，： | 1 |
| 13 | Multiple antennas in celluar CDMA systems: Transmission, detection, and spectral efficiency 显示文摘 | Howard H Viswanathan H Foshini G J | 2002 | IEEE Trans on Wireless Commu2002，1，3： | 1 |
| 14 | An examination of methods of assessing interacting surface cracks by comparison with experimental data显示文摘 | Leek T H Howard I C | 1996 | Int J Pres & Piping1996，68，： | 1 |
| 15 | Retroeaval ureter report of 8 eases and the surgical management显示文摘 | Carrion H Howard MT Bredt DS | 1979 | J Urol1979，121，： | 1 |
| 16 | Internal short circuit in Li-ion cells 显示文摘 | Maleki H Howard J N | 2009 | JPower Sources2009，191，： | 1 |
| 17 | Are there other persistent organic pollutants? A challenge for environmental chemists显示文摘 | MUIR D C G HOWARD P H | 2006 | Environmental Science & Technology2006，40，23： | 1 |
| 18 | Wound healing dressings and drug delivery systems: A review显示文摘 | Joshua S B Kerr H M Howard N E S | 2008 | J Pharma- ceutical Sci2008，97，8： | 1 |
| 19 | Formation of polycyclic arom atic hydrocarbons and their growth to soot: A review of chemical reaction pathways显示文摘 | Richter H Howard J B | 2000 | Progress in Energy and Combustion Science2000，26，46： | 1 |
| 20 | Using a distributed approach to relieve and integrate information from heterogeneous distributed databases显示文摘 | Hazem T EL-Khatib Howard Williams David H Matwick | 2002 | Computer Journal2002，45，4： | 1 |
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