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| 1 | Risk for emerging bipolar disorder, variants, and symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, now grown up显示文摘AIM: To determine the prevalence of bipolar disorder(BD) and sub-threshold symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) through 14 years' follow-up, when participants were between 21-24 years old.METHODS: First, we examined rates of BD type Ⅰ?and Ⅱ diagnoses in youth participating in the NIMH-funded Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD(MTA). We used the diagnostic interview schedule for children(DISC), administered to both parents(DISC-P) and youth(DISCY). We compared the MTA study subjects with ADHD(n = 579) to a local normative comparison group(LNCG, n = 289) at 4 different assessment points: 6, 8, 12, and 14 years of follow-ups. To evaluate the bipolar variants, we compared total symptom counts(TSC) of DSM manic and hypomanic symptoms that were generated by DISC in ADHD and LNCG subjects. Then we sub-divided the TSC into pathognomonic manic(PM) and non-specific manic(NSM) symptoms. We compared the PM and NSM in ADHD and LNCG at each assessment point and over time. We also evaluated the irritability as category A2 manic symptom in both groups and over time. Finally, we studied the irritability symptom in correlation with PM and NSM in ADHD and LNCG subjects.RESULTS: DISC-generated BD diagnosis did not differ significantly in rates between ADHD(1.89%) and LNCG 1.38%). Interestingly, no participant met BD diagnosis more than once in the 4 assessment points in 14 years. However, on the symptom level, ADHD subjects reported significantly higher mean TSC scores: ADHD 3.0; LNCG 1.7; P < 0.001. ADHD status was associated with higher mean NSM: ADHD 2.0 vs LNCG 1.1; P < 0.0001. Also, ADHD subjects had higher PM symptoms than LNCG, with PM means over all time points of 1.3 ADHD; 0.9 LNCG; P = 0.0001. Examining both NSM and PM, ADHD status associated with greater NSM than PM. However, Over 14 years, the NSM symptoms declined and changed to PM over time(df 3, 2523; F = 20.1; P < 0.0001). Finally, Irritability(BD DSM criterion-A2) rates were significantly higher in ADHD than LNCG(χ2 = 122.2, P < 0.0001), but irritability was associated more strongly with NSM than PM(df 3, 2538; F = 43.2; P < 0.0001).CONCLUSION: Individuals with ADHD do not appear to be at significantly greater risk for developing BD, but do show higher rates of BD symptoms, especially NSM. The greater linkage of irritability to NSM than to PM suggests caution when making BD diagnoses based on irritability alone as one of 2(A-level) symptoms for BD diagnosis, particularly in view of its frequent presentation with other psychopathologies. | Ahmed Z Elmaadawi Peter S Jensen L Eugene Arnold Brooke SG Molina Lily Hechtman Howard B Abikoff Stephen P Hinshaw Jeffrey H Newcorn Laurence Lee Greenhill James M Swanson Cathryn A Galanter | 2015 | World Journal of Psychiatry2015，5，4： | 3 |
| 2 | Are there other persistent organic pollutants? A challenge for environmental chemists显示文摘 | MUIR D C G HOWARD P H | 2006 | Environmental Science & Technology2006，40，23： | 1 |
| 3 | High-temperature Sealing of Zirconia Ceramics Using Glass-ceramic Bond Materials显示文摘 | Howard P J Pyke S H Wood A | 2000 | Materials Technology2000，15，1： | 1 |
| 4 | Improved method for estimating bioconcentration/bioaccumulation factor from octanol/water partition coefficient显示文摘 | MEYLAN W M HOWARD P H BOETHLING R S | 1999 | Environ Toxicol Chem1999，18，4： | 1 |
| 5 | Neuroprotective signaling pathways are modulated by adenosine in the anoxia tolerant turtle显示文摘 | GAURI H N HOWARD M P SARAH L M | 2011 | J Cereb Blood Flow Metab2011，31，2： | 1 |
| 6 | Age-related changes in repro- ductive characters of four species of tortricid moths 显示文摘 | Foster S P Howard A J Ayers R H | 1995 | N Z J Zool1995，22，3： | 1 |
| 7 | The reaction of silicoorthoesters with certain acid anhydrides 显示文摘 | HOWARD W P CHARLES H H | 1940 | J Org Chem1940，40，5： | 1 |
| 8 | Predicting Ready Biodegradability in the Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry Test显示文摘 | TUNKEL J HOWARD P H BOETHLING R S | 2000 | Environmental Science and Technology2000，19，10： | 1 |
| 9 | 应用2017年美国心脏病学会/美国心脏协会血压指南预防潜在的心血管病事件显示文摘该研究在美国高血压成人患者比较血压达到2017年美国心脏病学会/美国心脏协会(American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association,ACC/AHA)指南推荐的血压目标与(1)当前血压水平,(2)达到2003年高血压预防、检测、评估和治疗全国联合委员会(the joint national committee on prevention,detection,evaluatioyl and treatment of highblood pressure,JNC)第七次报告(JNC7)目标;以及(3)达到2014年JNC第8次报告(JNCS)血压目标时可预防的心血管事件数和治疗相关严重不良事件的发生次数。 | Bress AP Colantonio LD Cooper R Kramer H Booth JN Odden MC Bibbins-Domingo K Shimbo D Whelton PK Levitan EB Howard G Bellows BK Kleindorfer D Safford MM Muntner P Andrew E 刘青 叶鹏 | 2018 | 中华高血压杂志2018，26，12： | 1 |
| 10 | Controlling pain after total hip and knee arthroplasty using a multimodal proteeol with local perlartieular injections: a prospective randomized study 显示文摘 | PARVATANENI H K SHAH V P HOWARD H | 2007 | J Arthroplasty2007，22，62： | 1 |
| 11 | Microsatellite instability in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck 显示文摘 | Field JK Kiaris H Howard P | 1995 | Br J Cancer1995，71，5： | 1 |
| 12 | Antioxidant vitamin supplements and cardiovascular disease显示文摘 | KRIS-ETHERTON P M LICHTENSTEIN A H HOWARD B V | 2004 | Circulation2004，110，5： | 1 |
| 13 | Active sites and structure-activity relationships of copper-based catalysts for carbon dioxide hydrogenation to methanol显示文摘 | NATESAKHAWAT S LEKSE J W BALTRUS J P OHODNICKI JR P R HOWARD B H DENG X Y MATRANGA C | 2012 | ACS Catal2012，2，8： | 1 |
| 14 | External Fixation or Plaster for Severely Displaced Comminuted Colles' Fractures?显示文摘 | Howard P W Stewart H D Hind R E | 1989 | JBJS1989，71，： | 1 |
| 15 | Controlling pain after total hip and knee arthroplasty using a multimodal protocol with local periarticular injections: a prospective ran- domized study 显示文摘 | Parvataneni H K Shah V P Howard H | 2007 | J Arthroplasty2007，22，62： | 1 |
| 16 | Wear tests of steel knife blades 显示文摘 | John D V Alfred H P Howard F Clark | 2008 | Wear2008，265，78： | 1 |
| 17 | Recombinant baculovirus-synthesized African horsesickness virus (AHSV) outer-capsid protein VP2 provides protection against virulent AHSV challenge显示文摘 | Roy P Bishop D H Howard S | 1996 | Journal of General Virology1996，77，20： | 1 |
| 18 | Autonomous driving in urban environments: Boss and the urban challenge 显示文摘 | URMSON C ANHALT J BAGNELL D BAKER C BITTNER R CLARK M N DOLAN J DUGGINS D GALATALI T GEYER C GITTLEMAN M HARBAUGH S HEBERT M HOWARD T M KOLSKI S KELLY A LIKHACHEV M MCNAUGHTON M MILLER N PETERSON K PILNICK B RAJKUMAR R RYBSKI P SALESKY B SEO Y W SINGH S SNIDER J STENTZ A WHITTAKER W WOLKOWICKI Z Z1GLAR J BAE H BROWN T DEMITRISH D LITKOUHI B NICKOLAOU J SADEKAR V ZHANG Wen-de STRUBLE J TAYLOR M DARMS M FERGUSON D | 2008 | Journal of Field Robotics2008，25，8： | 1 |
| 19 | Rapid devolatilization and hydrogasification of bituminous coal显示文摘 | ANTHONY D B HOWARD J B HOTTEL H C MEISSNER H P | 1976 | Fuel1976，55，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Hydrogen permeance of palladium-copper alloy membranes over a wide range of temperatures and pressures 显示文摘 | Howard B H Killmeyera P R Rothenbergera K S | 2004 | Journal of Membrane Science2004，241，2： | 1 |
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