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| 1 | Characterization of hepatitis B virus X gene quasispecies complexity in mono-infection and hepatitis delta virus superinfection显示文摘Hepatitis delta virus(HDV) seems to strongly suppress hepatitis B virus(HBV)replication, although little is known about the mechanism of this interaction. Both these viruses show a dynamic distribution of mutants, resulting in viral quasispecies. Next-generation sequencing is a viable approach for analyzing the composition of these mutant spectra. As the regulatory hepatitis B X protein(HBx) is essential for HBV replication, determination of HBV X gene(HBX)quasispecies complexity in HBV/HDV infection compared to HBV monoinfection may provide information on the interactions between these two viruses.AIM To compare HBV quasispecies complexity in the HBX 5' region between chronic hepatitis delta(CHD) and chronic HBV mono-infected patients.METHODS Twenty-four untreated patients were included: 7/24(29.2%) with HBeAgnegative chronic HBV infection(CI, previously termed inactive carriers), 8/24(33.3%) with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B(CHB) and 9/24(37.5%) with CHD. A serum sample from each patient was first tested for HBV DNA levels.The HBX 5' region [nucleotides(nt) 1255-1611] was then PCR-amplified for subsequent next-generation sequencing(MiSeq, Illumina, United States). HBV quasispecies complexity in the region analyzed was evaluated using incidencebased indices(number of haplotypes and number of mutations), abundancebased indices(Hill numbers of order 1 and 2), and functional indices(mutation frequency and nucleotide diversity). We also evaluated the pattern of nucleotide changes to investigate which of them could be the cause of the quasispecies complexity.RESULTS CHB patients showed higher median HBV-DNA levels [5.4 logIU/mL,interquartile range(IQR) 3.5-7.9] than CHD(3.4 logIU/mL, IQR 3-7.6)(P = n.s.)or CI(3.2 logIU/mL, IQR 2.3-3.5)(P < 0.01) patients. The incidence and abundance indices indicated that HBV quasispecies complexity was significantly greater in CI than CHB. A similar trend was observed in CHD patients, although only Hill numbers of order 2 showed statistically significant differences(CHB2.81, IQR 1.11-4.57 vs CHD 8.87, 6.56-11.18, P = 0.038). There were no significant differences in the functional indices, but CI and CHD patients also showed a trend towards greater complexity than CHB. No differences were found for any HBV quasispecies complexity indices between CHD and CI patients. G-to-A and C-to-T nucleotide changes, characteristic of APOBEC3 G, were higher in CHD and CI than in CHB in genotype A haplotypes, but not in genotype D. The proportion of nt G-to-A vs A-to-G changes and C-to-T vs T-to-C changes in genotype A and D haplotypes in CHD patients showed no significant differences. In CHB and CI the results of these comparisons were dependent on HBV genotype.CONCLUSION The lower-replication CHD and CI groups show a trend to higher quasispecies complexity than the higher-replication CHB group. The mechanisms associated with this greater complexity require elucidation. | Cristina Godoy David Tabernero Sara Sopena Josep Gregori Maria Francesca Cortese Carolina González Rosario Casillas Mar?al Yll Ariadna Rando Rosa López-Martínez Josep Quer Gloria González-Aseguinolaza Rafael Esteban Mar Riveiro-Barciela Maria Buti Francisco Rodríguez-Frías | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，13： | 6 |
| 2 | A randomized controlled trial of pretransplant antiviral therapy to prevent recurrence of hepatitis C after liver transplantation显示文摘 | Gregory T. Everson Norah A. Terrault Anna S. Lok Del R. Rodrigo Robert S. Brown Sammy Saab Mitchell L. Shiffman Abdullah M.S. Al‐Osaimi Laura M. Kulik Brenda W. Gillespie James E. Everhart | 2013 | Hepatology2013，，5： | 2 |
| 3 | Epidemiologic evaluation of reoperation for surgically treated pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence显示文摘 | Clark AL Gregory T Smith V J | 2003 | Am J Obstet Gynecol2003，189，5： | 1 |
| 4 | Polymorphicvariations in the expression of the chemical detoxifying UDPglucuronosyltransferases显示文摘 | Mackenzie P I Gregory P A Lewinsky R H ei al | 2005 | Toxicol Appl Pharmacol2005，207，2： | 1 |
| 5 | Complications of operative and diagnostic laparoscopy: a retrospective study显示文摘 | Jorge RM Raymond W Gregory AL | 2001 | Obstet Gynecol2001，97，4： | 1 |
| 6 | MicroRNA-21 Is Induced Early in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Precursor Lesions显示文摘 | du Rieu Ma?l Chalret Torrisani Jér?me Selves Janick Al Saati Talal Souque Anny Dufresne Marlène Tsongalis Gregory J Suriawinata Arief A Carrére Nicolas Buscail Louis Cordelier Pierre | 2010 | Clinical Chemistry2010，，： | 1 |
| 7 | Review : The enigmatic role of endoglin in the placenta 显示文摘 | Gregory AL Xu G Sotov V | 2014 | Placenta2014，35，： | 1 |
| 8 | Review: the enigmatic role of endoglin in the placenta显示文摘 | Gregory AL Xu G Sotov V | 2014 | Placenta2014，，： | 1 |
| 9 | Epidemiologic evaluation of reoperation for surgically treated pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence显示文摘 | Clark AL Gregory T Smith VJ | 2003 | American J Obstet Gynecol2003，189，5： | 1 |
| 10 | Epidemiologic evaluation of reo-peration for surgically treated pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incoti-nence显示文摘 | Clark AL Gregory T Smith VJ | 2003 | Am J Obstet Gynecol2003，189，5： | 1 |
| 11 | An overview of animal models of pain:disease models and outcome measures显示文摘 | Gregory NS Harris AL Robinson CR | 2013 | J Pain2013，14，11： | 1 |
| 12 | Epidemiologic evaluation of reo-peration for surgically treated pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incoti-nence显示文摘 | Clark AL Gregory T Smith VJ | 2003 | Am J Obstet Gynecol2003，189，5： | 1 |
| 13 | Pegy-lated liposomal doxorubicin, vincris-tine, and dexamethasoneprovide significant reductionin toxicity compared with doxorubi-cin ,vincristine, and dexamethasone in patients with newly diag-nosedmultiple myeloma显示文摘 | RIFKIN RM GREGORY SA MOHRBACHER AN ef al | 2006 | Cancer2006，106，4： | 1 |
| 14 | Epidemiologic evaluation of reoperation for surgically treated pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence显示文摘 | Clark AL Gregory T Smith VJ | 2003 | Obstet Gynecol2003，189，5： | 1 |
| 15 | CD36 expression and lipid metabolism following an oral glucose challenge in South Asians显示文摘AIM:To investigate lipid metabolism and the relationship with monocyte expression of the fatty acid translocase CD36 in South Asians.METHODS:An observational study of South Asians whom as an ethnic group have-a higher risk of developing diabetes.The susceptibility to diabetes is coupled with an earlier and more rapid progression of micro-,and macro-vascular complications.Twentynine healthy South Asian participants [mean age 34.6(8.9) years,76.2% male,mean body-mass index 25.0(5.2) kg/m2] were recruited from an urban residential area of central Birmingham(United Kingdom).The main outcomes measured were post prandial(30 min) and post absorptive(120 min) changes from fasting(0 min) in circulating lipoproteins,lipds and hormones,andmonocyte expression of CD36 post injection of a 75 g oral glucose challenge.The inducements of variations of monocyte CD36 expression were analysed.RESULTS:Our results showed evident changes in monocyte CD36 expression following the glucose challenge(P < 0.001).Non-esterified fatty acids(NEFA) levels decreased progressively during the challenge(P < 0.001),in contrast to increased cholesterol(but not triglyceride) concentrations within very low density lipoprotein(VLDL) and low density lipoprotein subfractions(P < 0.01).Levels of,glucose,serum triglycerides and high density lipoprotein cholesterol remained largely unchanged.Variations of monocyte CD36 were negatively(r =-0.47,P = 0.04) associated to fat from the diet and positively to carbohydrate from the diet(r = 0.65,P < 0.001).CONCLUSION:These data suggest that the initiation of VLDL genesis follows the consumption of glucose within this population,inferring that the sequestration of NEFA from these particles happens due to the increased availability of CD36 receptors.While these are preliminary results,it would appear that lifestyle exposures have a role in moderating the expression of CD36. | Jeetesh V Patel Amitava Banerjee Silvia Montoro-Garcia Eduard Shantsila Mushfique Alam Paul Flinders Kathleen AL Houlton Elizabeth A Hughes Gregory YH Lip Paramjit S Gill | 2015 | World Journal of Diabetes2015，6，7： | 1 |
| 16 | Hypothermic perfusion of the canine kidney for 48hours followedby reimplantation显示文摘 | Humphries AL Jr Russerll R Gregory J | 1964 | Am Surg1964，30，： | 1 |
| 17 | The sizing of oxygen bubbles in copper electrowinning显示文摘 | Al Shakarji R He Y Gregory S | 2011 | Hydrometallurgy2011，109，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Gastrostomy insertion in ALS patients with low vital capacity: respiratory support and survival显示文摘 | Gregory S Siderowf A Golaszewski AL | 2002 | Neurology2002，58，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Acid mist and bubble size correlation in copper electrowinning显示文摘 | Al Shakarji R He Y Gregory S | 2012 | Hydrometallurgy2012，113，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Complications of operative and diagnostic laparoscopy: a retrospective study 显示文摘 | Jorgc RM Raymond W Gregory AL | 2001 | Obstet Gynecol2001，97，4： | 1 |
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