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| 1 | Polarization-maintaining few mode fiber composed of a central circular-hole and an elliptical-ring core显示文摘We propose a novel waveguide design of polarization-maintaining few mode fiber(PM-FMF) supporting ≥10non-degenerate modes, utilizing a central circular air hole and a circumjacent elliptical-ring core. The structure endows a new degree of freedom to adjust the birefringence of all the guided modes, including the fundamental polarization mode. Numerical simulations demonstrate that, by optimizing the air hole and elliptical-ring core,a PM-FMF supporting 10 distinctive polarization modes has been achieved, and the effective index difference Δn_(eff) between the adjacent guided modes could be kept larger than 1.32 × 10^(-4) over the whole C +L band. The proposed fiber structure can flexibly tailored to support an even larger number of modes in PM-FMF(14-mode PM-FMF has been demonstrated as an example), which can be readily applicable to a scalable mode division multiplexing system. | JIAJIA ZHAO MING TANG KYUNGHWAN OH ZHENHUA FENG CAN ZHAO RUOLIN LIAO SONGNIAN FU PERRY PING SHUM DEMING LIU | 2017 | Photonics Research2017，5，3： | 9 |
| 2 | Distributed Brillouin frequency shift extraction via a convolutional neural network显示文摘Distributed optical fiber Brillouin sensors detect the temperature and strain along a fiber according to the local Brillouin frequency shift(BFS),which is usually calculated by the measured Brillouin spectrum using Lorentzian curve fitting.In addition,cross-correlation,principal component analysis,and machine learning methods have been proposed for the more efficient extraction of BFS.However,existing methods only process the Brillouin spectrum individually,ignoring the correlation in the time domain,indicating that there is still room for improvement.Here,we propose and experimentally demonstrate a BFS extraction convolutional neural network(BFSCNN)to retrieve the distributed BFS directly from the measured two-dimensional data.Simulated ideal Brillouin spectra with various parameters are used to train the BFSCNN.Both the simulation and experimental results show that the extraction accuracy of the BFSCNN is better than that of the traditional curve fitting algorithm with a much shorter processing time.The BFSCNN has good universality and robustness and can effectively improve the performances of existing Brillouin sensors. | YIQING CHANG HAO WU CAN ZHAO LI SHEN SONGNIAN FU MING TANG | 2020 | Photonics Research2020，8，5： | 6 |
| 3 | High-performance polarization management devices based on thin-film lithium niobate显示文摘High-speed polarization management is highly desirable for many applications,such as remote sensing,telecommunication,and medical diagnosis.However,most of the approaches for polarization management rely on bulky optical components that are slow to respond,cumbersome to use,and sometimes with high drive voltages.Here,we overcome these limitations by harnessing photonic integrated circuits based on thin-film lithium niobate platform.We successfully realize a portfolio of thin-film lithium niobate devices for essential polarization management functionalities,including arbitrary polarization generation,fast polarization measurement,polarization scrambling,and automatic polarization control.The present devices feature ultra-fast control speeds,low drive voltages,low optical losses and compact footprints.Using these devices,we achieve high fidelity polarization generation with a polarization extinction ratio up to 41.9 dB and fast polarization scrambling with a scrambling rate up to 65 Mrad s−1,both of which are best results in integrated optics.We also demonstrate the endless polarization state tracking operation in our devices.The demonstrated devices unlock a drastically new level of performance and scales in polarization management devices,leading to a paradigm shift in polarization management. | Zhongjin Lin Yanmei Lin Hao Li Mengyue Xu Mingbo He Wei Ke Heyun Tan Ya Han Zhaohui Li Dawei Wang X.Steve Yao Songnian Fu Siyuan Yu Xinlun Cai | 2022 | Light(Science & Applications)2022，11，5： | 3 |
| 4 | Overfitting effect of artificial neural network based nonlinear equalizer: from mathematical origin to transmission evolution显示文摘Overfitting effect of artificial neural network(ANN)based nonlinear equalizer(NLE)leads to a trap of bit error ratio(BER)overestimation in optical fiber communication system,especially when the performance is evaluated by the commonly-used pseudo-random binary sequence(PRBS).First,we mathematically investigate the PRBS generation and Gray code mapping rules,in comparison with the use of Mersenne Twister random sequence(MTRS).Under the condition of a symbol erasure channel,we identify that ANN can recognize both the PRBS generation and symbol mapping rules,by increasing the weights of NLE at specific positions,whereas the MTRS is currently safe owing to the limited input length of current ANN based NLE.Then,we design four channel models of fiber optical transmission to experimentally examine various impairments on the evolution of overfitting effect.When both the additive white Gaussian noise(AWGN)channel and the bandwidth limited channel are considered,the mitigation of overfitting becomes possible by the use of pruned PRBS(P-PRBS)training set with removing the generation and mapping rules determined input symbols.However,as for both the chromatic dispersion(CD)uncompensated channel and the CD managed channel,the overfitting effect becomes serious,because both CD and fiber nonlinearity induced inter-symbol interference(ISI)is beneficial for ANN to identify the PRBS symbol rules.Finally,possible solutions to mitigate the overfitting effect are summarized. | Zheng YANG Fan GAO Songnian FU Ming TANG Deming LIU | 2020 | Science China(Information Sciences)2020，63，6： | 2 |
| 5 | On-chip cyclic-AWG-based 12 × 12 silicon wavelength routing switches with minimized port-to-port insertion loss fluctuation显示文摘With the rapidly increasing bandwidth requirements of optical communication networks, compact and low-cost large-scale optical switches become necessary. Silicon photonics is a promising technology due to its small footprint, cost competitiveness, and high bandwidth density. In this paper, we demonstrate a 12 × 12 silicon wavelength routing switch employing cascaded arrayed waveguide gratings(AWGs) connected by a silicon waveguide interconnection network on a single chip. We optimize the connecting strategy of the crossing structure to reduce the switch's footprint. We develop an algorithm based on minimum standard deviation to minimize the port-toport insertion loss(IL) fluctuation of the switch globally. The simulated port-to-port IL fluctuation decreases by about 3 dB compared with that of the conventional one. The average measured port-to-port IL is 13.03 dB, with a standard deviation of 0.78 dB and a fluctuation of 2.39 dB. The device can be used for wide applications in core networks and data centers. | ZEPENG PAN SONGNIAN FU LULUZI LU DONGYU LI WEIJIE CHANG DEMING LIU MINMING ZHANG | 2018 | Photonics Research2018，6，5： | 2 |
| 6 | Frontier research of ultra-high-speed ultra-large-capacity and ultra-long-haul optical transmission显示文摘极端高速度, ultra-large-capacity 和 ultra-long-haul (3U ) 是光通讯的永久追求。作为光通讯的一个新模式, 3U 传播能极大地支持下一代光因特网和宽带活动通讯网络开发和工艺的进步,因此,它变得国际高技术知识产权竞争的焦点扎根。这篇论文在 3U 传播研究引入科学问题,关键技术和重要成就。 | Daojun XUE Shaohua YU Qi YANG Nan CHI Lan RAO Xiangjun XIN Wei LI Songnian FU Sheng CUI Demin LIU Zhuo LI Aijun WEN Chongxiu YU Xinmei WANG | 2016 | Frontiers of Optoelectronics2016，9，2： | 2 |
| 7 | Simultaneous implementation of all-optical OR and AND logic gates for NRZ/RZ/CSRZ ON-OFF-keying signals显示文摘 | Wu Bingbing Fu Songnian Wu J | 2010 | Optics Communications2010，283，： | 1 |
| 8 | Flexible rotation of transverse optical field for 2D self-accelerating beams with a designated trajectory显示文摘Self-accelerating beams have the unusual ability to remain diffraction-free while undergo the transverse shift during the free-space propagation.We theoretically identify that the transverse optical field distribution of 2D self-accelerating beam is determined by the selection of the transverse Cartesian coordinates,when the caustic method is utilized for its trajectory design.Based on the coordinate-rotation method,we experimentally demonstrate a scheme to flexibly manipulate the rotation of transverse optical field for 2D self-accelerating beams under the condition of a designated trajectory.With this scheme,the transverse optical field can be rotated within a range of 90 degrees,especially when the trajectory of 2D self-accelerating beams needs to be maintained for free-space photonic interconnection. | Lei Zhu Xuesong Zhao Chen Liu Songnian Fu Yuncai Wang Yuwen Qin | 2021 | Opto-Electronic Advances2021，4，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Simultaneous mul- ti-channel CMW-band and MMW-band UWB monocycle pulse generation using FWM effect in a highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber显示文摘 | ZHANG Fangzheng WU Jian FU Songnian | 2010 | OPTICS EXPRESS2010，18，15： | 1 |
| 10 | Properties of a vector soliton laser passively mode-locked by a fiber-based semiconductor saturable absorber operating in transmission显示文摘 | Chunmei Ouyang Honghai Wang Ping Shum Songnian Fu Jia Haur Wong Kan Wu Desmond Rodney Chin Siong Lim Vincent Kwok Huei Wong Kenneth Eng Kian Lee | 2010 | Optics Communications2010，，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Experimental demonstration of both inverted and non-inverted wavelength conversion based on transient cross phase modulation of SOA显示文摘 | Songnian Fu Jianji Dong P Shum Liren Zhang | 2006 | Optics Express2006，14，17： | 1 |
| 12 | Instantaneous mi-crowave frequency measurement using optical carriersuppression based DC power monitoring 显示文摘 | Songnian Fu Ming Tang Perry Shum | | Optics Ex-pression0，19，24： | 1 |
| 13 | Single SOA based all-optical adder assisted by optical bandpass filter: Theoretical analysis and performance optimization显示文摘 | Dong Jianji Fu Songnian Zhang Xinliang | 2007 | Optics Communications2007，270，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Photonic measurement of microwave frequency based on phase modulation显示文摘 | Zhou Junqiang Fu Songnian Perry Ping Shum | 2009 | Optics Express2009，17，20： | 1 |
| 15 | Design, fabrication, and characterization of a highly nonlinear few-mode fiber显示文摘We present the design, fabrication, and characterization of a highly nonlinear few-mode fiber(HNL-FMF) with an intermodal nonlinear coefficient of 2.8 W · km-1, which to the best of our knowledge is the highest reported to date. The graded-index circular core fiber supports two mode groups(MGs) with six eigenmodes and is highly doped with germanium. This breaks the mode degeneracy within the higher-order MG, leading to different group velocities among corresponding eigenmodes. Thus, the HNL-FMF can support multiple intermodal four-wave mixing processes between the two MGs at the same time. In a proof-of-concept experiment, we demonstrate simultaneous intermodal wavelength conversions among three eigenmodes of the HNL-FMF over the C band. | Jitao Gao Elham Nazemosadat Chen Yang Songnian Fu Ming Tang Weijun Tong Joel Carpenter Jochen Schroder Magnus Karlsson Peter A.Andrekson | 2019 | Photonics Research2019，7，11： | 1 |
| 16 | Nonlinear Fourier transform enabled eigenvalue spectrum investigation for fiber laser radiation显示文摘Fiber lasers are a paradigm of dissipative systems,which distinguish themselves from a Hamilton system where energy is conservative.Consequently,pulses generated in a fiber laser are always accompanied by the continuous wave(CW).Under certain hypothesis,pulses generated in a fiber laser can be considered as a soliton,a product of a Hamilton system.Therefore,all the descriptions of solitons of a fiber laser are approximate.Coexistence of solitons and the CW from a fiber laser prevents unveiling of real nonlinear dynamics in fiber lasers,such as soliton interactions.Pulse behavior in a fiber laser can be represented by the state of single pulse,the state of period doubling of single pulse,the states of two pulses either tightly bound or loosely distributed,the states of three pulses,and various combinations of the above-mentioned states.Recently,soliton distillation was proposed and numerically demonstrated based on the nonlinear Fourier transform(NFT)[J.Lightwave Technol.39,2542(2021)].Solitons can be separated from the coherent CW background.Therefore,it is feasible to isolate solitons from CW background in a fiber laser.Here,we applied the NFT to various pulses generated in a fiber laser,including single pulse,single pulse in period doubling,different double pulses,and multiple pulses.Furthermore,with the approach of soliton distillation,the corresponding pure solitons of those pulses are reconstructed.Simulation results suggest that the NFT can be used to identify soliton dynamics excluding CW influence in a fiber laser,which paves a new way for uncovering real soliton interaction in nonlinear systems. | YUTIAN WANG SONGNIAN FU JIAN KONG ANDREY KOMAROV MARIUSZ KLIMCZAK RYSZARD BUCZY'n SKI XIAHUI TANG MING TANG YUWEN QIN LUMING ZHAO | 2021 | Photonics Research2021，9，8： | 1 |
| 17 | UWB Impulse Radio Transmitter Using an Electro Optic Phase Modulator Together with a Delay Interferometer显示文摘 | ZHANG Fangzheng FU Songnian WU Jian | 2010 | IEEE Photonic Tech- nology Letters2010，22，20： | 1 |
| 18 | Distributed curvature sensing based on a bending loss-resistant ring-core fiber显示文摘A theoretical and experimental study on curvature sensing using a Brillouin optical time-domain analyzer based on the ring-core fiber(RCF)is reported.The Brillouin gain spectrum of the RCF is investigated,and the Brillouin frequency shift(BFS)dependence on temperature and strain is calibrated.We theoretically analyze the fiber bending-induced BFS and peak Brillouin gain variation for the RCF through a numerical simulation method,and the RCF is revealed to have a high curvature sensitivity.Distributed curvature sensing is successfully demonstrated,with the bending radius ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 cm,corresponding to a BFS variation from 32.90 to7.81 MHz.The RCF takes advantage of great bending loss resistance,and the maximum macrobending loss at the extreme bending radius of 0.5 cm is less than 0.01 d B/turn.Besides,the peak Brillouin gain of the RCF is discovered to vary significantly in response to fiber bending,which is expected to be another parameter for distributed curvature determination.The results imply that the RCF is a promising candidate for highly sensitive distributed curvature measurement,especially in sharp bending circumstances. | LI SHEN HAO WU CAN ZHAO LEI SHEN RUI ZHANG WEIJUN TONG SONGNIAN FU MING TANG | 2020 | Photonics Research2020，8，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Negative refraction mediated by bound states in the continuum显示文摘Negative refraction might occur at the interface between a two-dimensional photonic crystal(Ph C)slab and a homogeneous medium,where the guiding of the electromagnetic wave along the third dimension is governed by total internal reflection.Herein,we report on the observation of negative refraction in the Ph C slab where the vertical guiding is enabled by a bound state in the continuum and essentially beyond the light cone.Such abnormal refraction and guiding mechanism are based on the synchronous crafting of spatial dispersion and the radiative lifetime of Bloch modes within the radiative continuum.Microwave experiments are provided to further validate the numerical proposal in an all-dielectric Ph C platform.It is envisioned that the negative refraction observed beyond the light cone might facilitate the development of optical devices in integrated optics,such as couplers,multiplexers,and demultiplexers. | ZHANYUAN ZHANG FEIFEI QIN YI XU SONGNIAN FU YUNCAI WANG YUWEN QIN | 2021 | Photonics Research2021，9，8： | 0 |
| 20 | Optical true time delay pool-based beamforming and limited feedback for reconfigurable intelligent surface-empowered cloud radio access networks显示文摘Introducing reconfigurable intelligent surfaces(RISs)greatly improves the wireless propagation environment.Limited to feedback overheads and computing power,the low-complexity precoding and the cost-effective beamforming implementation are urgently demanded in RIS-empowered millimeter-wave cloud radio access networks(mmWave C-RANs).Herein,an optical true time delay pool-based hybrid beamforming(OTTDP-based HBF)scheme,enabling centralized analog beamforming control,is proposed for RIS-empowered mmWave C-RANs.By using codebook quantization techniques,we develop a non-iterative limited feedback(NI-LF)precoding algorithm for the RIS-empowered mmWave C-RAN using the proposed OTTDP-based HBF.In the NI-LF precoding algorithm,the complex joint optimization problem of hybrid precoding and phase-shifting of RIS is equivalently formulated as a maximum ratio transmission(MRT)problem and a sparse reconstruction problem.For an active antenna unit(AAU)equipped with eight antennas,a designed example of the proposed OTTDP is presented.Furthermore,for a RIS-empowered mmWave C-RAN at 28 GHz,the received signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)curves obtained via different precoding schemes are compared and discussed.Compared with the precoding without RIS,the proposed NI-LF precoding by using different codebooks to quantize the phase-shifting of the RIS respectively achieves 20.56,19.55,and18.93 dB performance improvement for the user located near the 49-element RIS.Moreover,performance degradations due to limited feedback are analyzed.The computational complexity and overhead of the proposed NI-LF precoding algorithm are also given and discussed. | Huan HUANG Xiaowen WANG Chongfu ZHANG Jie PENG Muchuan YANG Songnian FU Deming LIU Kun QIU | 2021 | Science China(Information Sciences)2021，64，10： | 0 |
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