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| 1 | Pathophysiological consequences of obstructive jaundice and perioperative management显示文摘Background: Obstructive jaundice is a common problem in daily clinical practice. Understanding completely the pathophysiological changes in obstructive jaundice remains a challenge for planning current and future management.Data sources: A Pub Med was searched for relevant articles published up to August 2016. The effect of obstructive jaundice on proinflammatory cytokines, coagulation status, hemodynamics and organ functions were evaluated.Results: The effects of obstructive jaundice included biliary tree, the hepatic cell and liver function as well as systemic complications. The lack of bile in the gut, the disruption of the intestinal mucosal barrier,the increased absorption of endotoxin and the subsequent endotoxemia cause proinflammatory cytokine production(TNF-α, IL-6). Bilirubin induces systemic inflammatory response syndrome which may lead to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. The principal clinical manifestations include hemodynamic instability and acute renal failure, cardiovascular suppression, immune compromise, coagulation disorders,nutritional impairment, and wound healing defect. The proper management includes full replacement of water and electrolyte deficiency, prophylactic antibiotics, lactulose, vitamin K and fresh frozen plasma,albumin and dopamine. The preoperative biliary drainage has not been indicated in overall, but only in a few selected cases.Conclusion: The perioperative management is an essential measure in improving the outcome after the appropriate surgical operation in jaundiced patients especially those with malignancy. | Efstathios T Pavlidis Theodoros E Pavlidis | 2018 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2018，17，1： | 63 |
| 2 | Advances in prognostic factors in acute pancreatitis:a mini-review显示文摘BACKGROUND:Early assessment of the severity of acute pancreatitis is essential to the proper management of the disease.It is dependent on the criteria of the Atlanta classification system.DATA SOURCES:PubMed search of recent relevant articles was performed to identify information about the severity and prognosis of acute pancreatitis.RESULTS:The scoring systems included the Ranson's or Glasgow's criteria ≥3,the APACHE II classification system ≥8,and the Balthazar's criteria ≥4 according to the computed tomography enhanced scanning findings.The single factors on admission included age >65 years,obesity,hemoconcentration(>44%),abnormal chest X-ray,creatinine >2 mg/dl,C-reactive protein>150 mg/dl,procalcitonin >1.8 ng/ml,albumin <2.5 mg/dl,calcium <8.5 mg/dl,early hyperglycemia,increased intra-abdominal pressure,macrophage migration inhibitory factor,or a combination of IL-10 >50 pg/ml with calcium <6.6 mg/dl.CONCLUSION:The prediction of the severity of acute pancreatitis is largely based on well defined multiple factor scoring systems as well as several single risk factors. | Theodoros E Pavlidis Efstathios T Pavlidis Athanasios K Sakantamis | 2010 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2010，9，5： | 25 |
| 3 | Role of bevacizumab in colorectal cancer growth and its adverse effects:A review显示文摘Angiogenesis affects both wound healing and malignant cell growth through nutrients and oxygen.Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) is the most important element involved in this complex process.Inhibition of VEGF influences angiogenesis and may restrict tumor growth and metastatic ability.Modern antiangiogenic therapy is based on this theory.Bevacizumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody(immunoglobulin G1) which binds with VEGF-A forming a large molecule.It can not be bound with VEGF tyrosine kinase receptors preventing VEGF-A incorporation;thus its activity is inhibited inducing blockage of VEGFmediated angiogenesis.Bevacizumab,in combination with chemotherapy or other novel targeted therapeutic agents,is currently used more frequently in clinical practice,mainly for managing advanced colorectal cancer.It is also used for managing other malignancies,such as breast cancer,pancreatic cancer,prostate cancer,non small-cell lung cancer,metastatic renal carcinoma and ovarian tumors.Although it is generally considered a safe treatment,there are reports of some rare side effects which should be taken into account.Recent experiments in rats and mice show promising results with a wider therapeutic range. | Efstathios T Pavlidis Theodoros E Pavlidis | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，31： | 24 |
| 4 | Association between polymorphisms in the Toll-like receptor 4,CD14,and CARD15/NOD2and inflammatory bowel disease in the Greek population显示文摘AIM: Crohn's disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC)are multifactorial diseases with a significant genetic background.Apart from CARD15/NOD2 gene, evidence is accumulating that molecules related to the innate immune response such as CD14 or Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), are involved in their pathogenesis. In further exploring the genetic background of these diseases, we investigated the variations in the CARD15/NOD2 gene (Arg702Trp,Gly908Arg and Leu1007fsinsC), and polymorphisms in the TLR4 gene (Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile) as well as in the promoter of the CD14 gene (T/C at position -159) in Greek patients with CD and UC.METHODS: DNA was obtained from 120 patients with CD,85 with UC and 100 healthy individuals. Genotyping was performed by allele specific PCR or by PCR-RFLP analysis.RESULTS: The 299Gly allele frequency of the TLR4 gene and the T allele and TT genotype frequendes of the CD14 promoter were significantly higher in CD patients only compared to healthy individuals (P = 0.026<0.05; P = 0.0048<0.01 and P= 0.047<0.05 respectively). Concerning the NOD2/CARD15mutations the overall presence in CD patients was significantly higher than that in UC patients or in controls.Additionally, 51.67% of the CD patients were carriers of a TLR4 and/or CD14 polymorphic allele and at least one variant of the NOD2/CARD15, compared to 27% of the UC patients. It should be pointed out that both frequencies significantly increased as compared with the 10% frequency of multiple carriers found in healthy controls. A possible interaction of the NOD2/CARD15 with TLR4 and especially CD14, increased the risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that co-existence of a mutation in either the TLR4 or CD14 gene, and in NOD2/CARD15is associated with an increased susceptibility to developing CD compared to UC, and to developing either CD or UC compared to healthy individuals. | Maria Gazouli Gerassimos Mantzaris Athanassios Kotsinas Panayotis Zacharatos Efstathios Papalambros Athanassios Archimandritis John Ikonomopoulos Vassilis G Gorgoulis | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，5： | 17 |
| 5 | Current opinion on lymphadenectomy in pancreatic cancer surgery显示文摘BACKGROUND:Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas exhibits aggressive behavior in growth,inducing an extremely poor prognosis with an overall median 5-year survival rate of only 1%-4%.Curative resection is the only potential therapeutic opportunity. DATA SOURCES:A PubMed search of relevant articles published up to 2009 was performed to identify information about the value of lymphadenectomy and its extent in curative resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. RESULTS:Despite recent advances in chemotherapy,radio-therapy or even immunotherapy,surgery still remains the major factor that affects the outcome.The initial promising performance in Japan gave conflicting results in Western countries for the extended and more radical pancreatectomy; it has failed to prove beneficial.Four prospective,randomized trials on extended versus standard lymphadenectomy during pancreatic cancer surgery have shown no improvement in long-term survival by the extended resection.The exact lymph node status,including malignant spread and the total number retrieved as well as the lymph node ratio,is the most important prognostic factor.Positive lymph nodes after pancreatectomy are present in 70%.Paraaortic lymph node spread indicates poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS:Undoubtedly,a standard lymphadenectomy including>15 lymph nodes must be no longer preferred in patients with the usual head location.The extended lymphadenectomy does not have any place,unless in randomized trials.In cases with body or tail location,the radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy gives promising results.Nevertheless,accurate localization and detailed examination of the resected specimen are required for better staging. | Theodoros E Pavlidis Efstathios T Pavlidis Athanasios K Sakantamis | 2011 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2011，10，1： | 12 |
| 6 | Advances in Vision-Based Lane Detection:Algorithms,Integration,Assessment,and Perspectives on ACP-Based Parallel Vision显示文摘Lane detection is a fundamental aspect of most current advanced driver assistance systems(ADASs). A large number of existing results focus on the study of vision-based lane detection methods due to the extensive knowledge background and the low-cost of camera devices. In this paper, previous visionbased lane detection studies are reviewed in terms of three aspects, which are lane detection algorithms, integration, and evaluation methods. Next, considering the inevitable limitations that exist in the camera-based lane detection system, the system integration methodologies for constructing more robust detection systems are reviewed and analyzed. The integration methods are further divided into three levels, namely, algorithm, system,and sensor. Algorithm level combines different lane detection algorithms while system level integrates other object detection systems to comprehensively detect lane positions. Sensor level uses multi-modal sensors to build a robust lane recognition system. In view of the complexity of evaluating the detection system, and the lack of common evaluation procedure and uniform metrics in past studies, the existing evaluation methods and metrics are analyzed and classified to propose a better evaluation of the lane detection system. Next, a comparison of representative studies is performed. Finally, a discussion on the limitations of current lane detection systems and the future developing trends toward an Artificial Society, Computational experiment-based parallel lane detection framework is proposed. | Yang Xing Chen Lv Long Chen Huaji Wang Hong Wang Dongpu Cao Efstathios Velenis Fei-Yue Wang | 2018 | IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica2018，5，3： | 11 |
| 7 | Autoimmune pancreatitis versus pancreaticcancer: a comprehensive review withemphasis on differential diagnosis显示文摘BACKGROUND: Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a rare form of chronic pancreatitis with a discrete pathophysiology occasional diagnostic radiological findings, and characteristic histological features. Its etiology and pathogenesis are still under investigation, especially during the last decade Another aspect of interest is the attempt to establish specific criteria for the differential diagnosis between autoimmune pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer, entities that are frequently indistinguishable. DATA SOURCES: An extensive search of the PubMed database was performed with emphasis on articles about the differential diagnosis between autoimmune pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer up to the present. RESULTS: The most interesting outcome of recent research is the theory that autoimmune pancreatitis and its various extra-pancreatic manifestations represent a systemic fibro inflammatory process called IgG4-related systemic disease The diagnostic criteria proposed by the Japanese Pancreatic Society, the more expanded HISORt criteria, the new definitions of histological types, and the new guidelines of the International Association of Pancreatology help to establish the diagnosis of the disease types. CONCLUSION: The valuable help of the proposed criteria for the differential diagnosis between autoimmune pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer may lead to avoidance of pointless surgical treatments and increased patient morbidity. | Kyriakos Psarras Minas E Baltatzis Efstathios T Pavlidis Miltiadis A Lalountas Theodoros E Pavlidis Athanasios K Sakantamis | 2011 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2011，10，5： | 9 |
| 8 | WJC 6~th Anniversary Special Issues(3):Cardiomyopathy Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in 2013:Current speculations and future perspectives显示文摘Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM),the most variable cardiac disease in terms of phenotypic presentation and clinical outcome,represents the most common inherited cardiomyopathic process with an autosomal dominant trait of inheritance.To date,more than 1400 mutations of myofilament proteins associated with the disease have been identified,most of them 'private' ones.This striking allelic and locus heterogeneity of the disease certainly complicates the establishment of phenotype-genotype correlations.Additionally,topics pertaining to patients' everyday lives,such as sudden cardiac death(SCD)risk stratification and prevention,along with disease prognosis,are grossly related to the genetic variation of HCM.This review incorporates contemporary research findings and addresses major aspects of HCM,including preclinical diagnosis,genetic analysis,left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and SCD.More specifically,the spectrum of genetic analysis,the selection of the best method for obstruction alleviation and the need for a unique and accuratefactor for SCD risk stratification are only some of the controversial HCM issues discussed.Additionally,future perspectives concerning HCM and myocardial ischemia,as well as atrial fibrillation,are discussed.Rather than enumerating clinical studies and guidelines,challenging problems concerning the disease are critically appraised by this review,highlighting current speculations and recommending future directions. | Georgios K Efthimiadis Efstathios D Pagourelias Thomas Gossios Thomas Zegkos | 2014 | World Journal of Cardiology2014，6，2： | 9 |
| 9 | Development of a quantum-dot-labelled magnetic immunoassay method for circulating colorectal cancer cell detection显示文摘AIM:To detect of colorectal cancer(CRC) circulating tumour cells(CTCs) surface antigens,we present an assay incorporating cadmium selenide quantum dots(QDs) in these paper.METHODS:The principle of the assay is the immunomagnetic separation of CTCs from body fluids in conjunction with QDs,using specific antibody biomarkers:epithelial cell adhesion molecule antibody,and monoclonal cytokeratin 19 antibody.The detection signal was acquired from the fluorescence signal of QDs.For the evaluation of the performance,the method under study was used to isolate the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line(DLD-1) and CTCs from CRC patients' peripheral blood.RESULTS:The minimum detection limit of the assay was defined to 10 DLD-1 CRC cells/mL as fluorescence was measured with a spectrofluorometer.Fluorescenceactivated cell sorting analysis and Real Time RT-PCR,they both have also been used to evaluate the performance of the described method.In conclusion,we developed a simple,sensitive,efficient and of lower cost(than the existing ones) method for the detection of CRC CTCs in human samples.We have accomplished these results by using magnetic bead isolation and subsequent QD fluorescence detection.CONCLUSION:The method described here can be easily adjusted for any other protein target of either the CTC or the host. | Maria Gazouli Anna Lyberopoulou Pericles Pericleous Spyros Rizos Gerassimos Aravantinos Nikolaos Nikiteas Nicholas P Anagnou Efstathios P Efstathopoulos | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，32： | 6 |
| 10 | Current surgical management of pancreatic endocrine tumor liver metastases显示文摘BACKGROUND: The management of metastatic disease in pancreatic endocrine tumors (PETs) demands a multidisciplinary approach and the cooperation of several medical specialties. The role of surgery is critical, even when a radical excision cannot always be achieved. DATA SOURCES: A PubMed search of relevant articles published up to February 2011 was performed to identify current information about PET liver metastases regarding diagnosis and management, with an emphasis on surgery. RESULTS: The early diagnosis of metastases and their accurate localization, most commonly in the liver, is very important. Surgical options include radical excision, and palliative excision to relieve symptoms in case of failure of medical treatment. The goal of the radical excision is to remove the primary tumor bulk and all liver metastases at the same time, but unfortunately it is not feasible in most cases. Palliative excisions include aggressive tumor debulking surgeries in well-differentiated carcinomas, trying to remove at least 90% of the tumor mass, combined with other additional destructive techniques such as hepatic artery embolization or chemoembolization to treat metastases or chemoembolization to relieve symptoms in cases of rapidly growing tumors. The combination of chemoembolization and systemic chemotherapy results in better response and survival rates. Other local destructive techniques include ethanol injection, cryotherapy and radiofrequency ablation. CONCLUSION: It seems that the current management of PETs can achieve important improvements, even in advanced cases. | Theodoros E Pavlidis Kyriakos Psarras Nikolaos G Symeonidis Efstathios T Pavlidis Athanasios K Sakantamis | 2011 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2011，10，3： | 5 |
| 11 | Role of stenting in the palliation of gastroesophageal junction cancer: A brief review显示文摘Gastroesophageal junction cancer has an increasing in-cidence in western countries. It is inoperable when firstmanifested in more than 50% of cases. So, palliationis the only therapeutic option for the advanced diseaseto relieve dysphagia and its consequences in weakenedpatients with an estimated mean survival under 6 mo.This article has tried to identify trends focusing on cur-rent information about the best palliative treatment,with an emphasis on the role of stenting. Self-expand-ing stent placement, either metal or plastic, is the mainmanagement option. However, this anatomical loca-tion creates some particular problems for stent safetyand effectiveness which may be overcome by properlydesigned novel stents. The stents ensure a good qual-ity of life and must be preferred over other alterna-tive methods of loco-regional modalities, i.e., externalradiation, laser thermal or photodynamic therapy. Al-though stent placement is generally a simple, safe andeffective method, there are sometimes complications,increasing the morbidity and mortality rate. Bypassoperative procedures have now been abandoned as afirst choice. The stomach instead of the colon must beused for a bypass operation when it is needed. Chemo-therapy, despite the toxicity, and intraluminal radiation(brachytherapy) have a well-defined role. | Theodoros E Pavlidis Efstathios T Pavlidis | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2014，6，3： | 5 |
| 12 | Atypical anastomotic malignancies of small bowel after subtotal gastrectomy with BillorthⅡgastroenterostomy for peptic ulcer:Report of three cases and review of the literature显示文摘AIM To present patients who developed small-bowel malignancy at the level of the gastrointestinal anastomosis decades after a subtotal gastrectomy for ulcer,to review relevant literature,and to attempt to interpret the reasons those cancers developed to these postsurgical non-gastric sights.METHODS For the current retrospective study and review of literature,the surgical and histopathological records dated from January 1,1993 to December 31,2017 of our department were examined,searching for patients who have undergone surgical treatment of small-bowel malignancy to identify those who have undergone subtotal gastrectomy for benign peptic ulcer.A systematic literature search was also conducted using Pub Med,EMBASE,and Cochrane Library to identify similar cases.RESULTS We identified three patients who had developed smallintestine malignancy at the level of the gastrointestinal anastomosis decades after a subtotal gastrectomy with Billroth Ⅱ gastroenterostomy for benign peptic ulcertwo patients with adenocarcinoma originated in the Braun anastomosis and one patient with lymphoma of the efferent loop.All three patients were submitted to surgical resection of the tumor with Roux-en-Y reconstruction of the digestive tract.In the literature review,we only found one case of primary small-intestinal cancer that originated in the efferent loop after Billroth Ⅱ gastrectomy because of duodenal ulcer but none reporting Braun anastomosis adenocarcinoma following partial gastrectomy for benign disease.We also did not find any case of efferent loop lymphoma following gastrectomy.CONCLUSION Anastomotic gastric cancer following distal gastrectomy for peptic ulcer is a well-established clinical entity.However,malignancies of the afferent or efferent loop of the gastrointestinal anastomosis are extremely uncommon.The substantial diversion of the potent carcinogenic pancreaticobiliary secretions through the Braun anastomosis and the stomach hypochlorhydria,allowing the formation of carcinogenic factors from food,are the two most prominent pathogenetic mechanisms for those tumors. | Efstathios Kotidis Orestis Ioannidis Manousos George Pramateftakis Konstantinos Christou Ioannis Kanellos Konstantinos Tsalis | 2018 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2018，10，7： | 4 |
| 13 | Vertebral fracture assessment:Current research status and application in patients with kyphoplasty显示文摘Imaging of the spine is of paramount importance for the recognition of osteoporotic vertebral fractures(VFs), and standard radiography(SR) of the spine is the suggested diagnostic method but is not routinely used because of the cost and radiation exposure considerations. VF assessment(VFA) is an efficient, low radiation method for identifying VFs at the time of bone mineral density(BMD) measurement. Prediction models used to indicate the need for VFA may have little predictive power in subspecialty referral populations such as rheumatologic patients or patients who underwent kyphoplasty. Rheumatologic patients are frequently at increased risk for VFs, and VFA should be performed on an individual basis, also taking in account the guidelines for the general population. Kyphoplasty is a new minimal invasive procedure for the treatment of VFs and is being performed with increasing frequency. Following kyphoplasty, there may be a risk of new VFs in adjacent vertebrae. The assessment and follow-up of patients who underwent kyphoplasty requires repetitive X-ray imaging with the known limitations of SR. Thus, VFA may facilitate the evaluation of VFs in these patients because most of the kyphoplasty patients would fulfill the criteria. In a pilot study, we measured the BMD and performed VFA in 28 patients treated with kyphoplasty. Ratios of anterior to posterior(A/P) and middle to posterior(M/P) height were measured, and Genant's method was used to classify vertebrae accordingly. Intraobserver and interobserver reliability for A/P, M/P and the Genant's method were determined. Only 1 patient did not meet the criteria for VFA. Of the 364 available vertebrae, 295 could be analyzed. Most missing data(concerning 69 vertebrae) occurred in the upper thoracic region. Three of the 69 non-eligible vertebrae were lumbar vertebrae with cement leakage from the kyphoplasty procedure. In our hands, VFA was highly reproducible, demonstrating very good agreement in terms of intraobserver and interobserver reliability. Agreement was very good onthe vertebral level, 'vertebrae with kyphoplasty' level and '2 above and 1 below the kyphoplasty vertebrae'level. The application of Genant's method to these patients also resulted in perfect agreement. We believe that the potential value of VFA in patients treated with kyphoplasty requires further evaluation, particularly comparing VFA with SR and performing a longitudinal follow-up. More research will help to adopt care processes that determine which patients require VFA and how often VFA should be performed, while also considering the impact of this technique on the cost of healthcare organizations. | Efstathios Drampalos Konstantinos Nikolopoulos Christos Baltas Alexia Balanika Antonis Galanos Nikolaos Papaioannou Spyros Pneumaticos | 2015 | World Journal of Orthopedics2015，6，9： | 4 |
| 14 | Importance of establishing radiation protection culture in Radiology Department显示文摘The increased use of ionization radiation for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, the rapid advances in computed tomography as well as the high radiation doses delivered by interventional procedures have raised serious safety and health concerns for both patients and medical staff and have necessitated the establishment of a radiation protection culture(RPC) in every Radiology Department. RPC is a newly introduced concept. The term culture describes the combination of attitudes, beliefs, practices and rules among the professionals, staff and patients regarding to radiation protection. Most of the time, the challenge is to improve rather than to build a RPC. The establishment of a RPC requires continuing education of the staff and professional, effective communication among stakeholders of all levels and implementation of quality assurance programs. The RPC creation is being driven from the highest level. Leadership, professionals and associate societies are recognized to play a vital role in the embedding and promotion of RPC in a Medical Unit. The establishment of a RPC enables the reduction of the radiation dose, enhances radiation risk awareness, minimizes unsafe practices, and improves the quality of a radiation protection program. The purpose of this review paper is to describe the role and highlight the importance of establishing a strong RPC in Radiology Departments with an emphasis on promoting RPC in the Interventional Radiology environment. | Agapi Ploussi Efstathios P Efstathopoulos | 2016 | World Journal of Radiology2016，8，2： | 4 |
| 15 | Set-theoretic detection of data corruption attacks on cyber physical power systems显示文摘This paper addresses a set-theoretic method for the detection of data corruption cyber-attacks on the load frequency control loop of a networked power system. The system consists of several interconnected control areas forming a power grid. Based on the overall discrete-time network dynamics, a convex and compact polyhedral robust invariant set is extracted and is used as a set-induced anomaly detector. If the state vector exits the invariant set,then an alarm will be activated, and the potential threat is considered disclosed. The attack scenario used to assess the efficiency of the proposed anomaly detector concerns corrupted frequency sensor measurements transmitted to the automatic generation control unit of a compromised control area. Simulation studies highlight the ability of a set-theoretic approach to disclose persistent and intermittent attack patterns even when they occur at the same time with changes in the power load demand. | Efstathios KONTOURAS Anthony TZES Leonidas DRITSAS | 2018 | Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy2018，6，5： | 4 |
| 16 | Screening-level exposure-based prioritization to identify potential POPs, vPvBs and planetary boundary threats among Arctic contaminants显示文摘A report that reviews Arctic contaminants that are not currently regulated as persistent organic pollutants(POPs)under international treaties was recently published by the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme(AMAP).We evaluated 464 individual chemicals mentioned in the AMAP report according to hazard profiles for POPs,very persistent and very bioaccumulative(vPvB)chemicals,and two novel and distinct hazard profiles we derived from the planetary boundary threat framework.The two planetary boundary threat profiles assign high priority to chemicals that will be mobile and poorly reversible environmental contaminants.Utilizing persistence as a proxy for poor reversibility,we defined two exposure-based hazard profiles;airborne persistent contaminants(APCs)and waterborne persistent contaminants(WPCs)that are potential planetary boundary threats.We used in silico estimates of physicochemical properties and multimedia models to calculate hazard metrics for persistence,bioaccumulation and long-range transport potential,then we synthesized this information into four exposure-based hazard scores of the potential of each AMAP chemical to fit each of the POP,vPvB,APC and WPC exposure-based hazard profiles.As an alternative to adopting a“bright line”score that represented cause for concern,we scored the AMAP chemicals by benchmarking against a reference set of 148 known and relatively well-studied contaminants and expressed their exposure-based hazard scores as percentile ranks against the scores of the reference set chemicals.Our results show that scores in the four exposure-based hazard profiles provide complementary information about the potential environmental exposure-based hazards of the AMAP chemicals.Our POP,vPvB,APC and WPC exposure-based hazard scores identify high priority chemicals for further study from among the AMAP contaminants. | Efstathios Reppas-Chrysovitsinos Anna Sobek Matthew MacLeod | 2017 | Emerging Contaminants2017，3，2： | 3 |
| 17 | BET Bromodomain Inhibition as a Therapeutic Strategy to Target c-Myc显示文摘 | Jake E. Delmore Ghayas C. Issa Madeleine E. Lemieux Peter B. Rahl Junwei Shi Hannah M. Jacobs Efstathios Kastritis Timothy Gilpatrick Ronald M. Paranal Jun Qi Marta Chesi Anna C. Schinzel Michael R. McKeown Timothy P. Heffernan Christopher R. Vakoc P. Lei | 2011 | Cell2011，，6： | 3 |
| 18 | Effects of endoscopic sphincterotomy on biliary epithelium:A case-control study显示文摘AIM: To study the long-term effects of endoscopic sphincterotomy on biliary epithelium. METHODS: This is a prospective case-control study. A total of 25 patients with a median age of 71 years (range 49-89 years) and prior endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) for benign disease formed the fi rst group. The median time from ES was 42 mo (range 8-144 mo). Another 25 patients with a median age of 76 years (range 44-94 mo) and similar characteristics who underwent current endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) and ES for benign disease formed the second group (control group). Brush cytology of the biliary tree with p53 immunocytology was performed in all patients of both groups. ERCPs and recruitment were conducted at the Endoscopic Unit of Aretaieion University Hospital and Tzaneio Hospital, Athens, from October 2006 to June 2010. RESULTS: No cases were positive or suspicious for malignancy. Epithelial atypia was higher in the first group (32% vs 8% in the second group, P = 0.034). Acute cholangitis and previous biliary operation rates were also higher in the fi rst group (acute cholangitis, 60% vs 24% in the second group, P = 0.01; previous biliary operation, 76% vs 24% in the second group, P = 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that previous ES was the main causal factor for atypia, which was not related to the time interval from the ES (P = 0.407). Two patients (8%) with atypia in the fi rst group were p53-positive. CONCLUSION: ES causes biliary epithelial atypia that represents mostly reactive/proliferative rather than premalignant changes. The role of p53 immunoreactivity in biliary atypia needs to be further studied. | John Kalaitzis Antonios Vezakis George Fragulidis Irene Anagnostopoulou Spyros Rizos Efstathios Papalambros Andreas Polydorou | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，8： | 3 |
| 19 | Mesenchymal stromal cells as potential immunomodulatory players in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome induced by SARSCoV- 2 infection显示文摘Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 and the related coronavirus disease-19(COVID-19)is a worldwide emerging situation,which was initially reported in December 2019 in Wuhan,China.Currently,more than 7258842 new cases,and more than 411879 deaths have been reported globally.This new highly transmitted coronavirus is responsible for the development of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome.Due to this disorder,a great number of patients are hospitalized in the intensive care unit followed by connection to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for breath supporting and survival.Severe acute respiratory distress syndrome is mostly accompanied by the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines,including interleukin(IL)-2,IL-6,IL-7,granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(GSCF),interferon-inducible protein 10(IP10),monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP1),macrophage inflammatory protein 1A(MIP1A),and tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),an event which is known as“cytokine storm”.Further disease pathology involves a generalized modulation of immune responses,leading to fatal multiorgan failure.Currently,no specific treatment or vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)has been developed.Mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs),which are known for their immunosuppressive actions,could be applied as an alternative co-therapy in critically-ill COVID-19 patients.Specifically,MSCs can regulate the immune responses through the conversion of Th1 to Th2,activation of M2 macrophages,and modulation of dendritic cells maturation.These key immunoregulatory properties of MSCs may be exerted either by produced soluble factors or by cell-cell contact interactions.To date,several clinical trials have been registered to assess the safety,efficacy,and therapeutic potential of MSCs in COVID-19.Moreover,MSC treatment may be effective for the reversion of ground-glass opacity of damaged lungs and reduce the tissue fibrosis.Taking into account the multifunctional properties of MSCs,the proposed stem-cell-based therapy may be proven significantly effective in critically-ill COVID-19 patients.The current therapeutic strategy may improve the patient’s overall condition and in parallel may decrease the mortality rate of the current disease. | Panagiotis Mallis Efstathios Michalopoulos Theofanis Chatzistamatiou Catherine Stavropoulos-Giokas | 2020 | World Journal of Stem Cells2020，12，8： | 2 |
| 20 | Regulation of clusterin/apolipoprotein J, a functional homologue to the small heat shock proteins, by oxidative stress in ageing and age-related diseases显示文摘 | Ioannis P. Trougakos Efstathios S. Gonos | 2006 | Free Radical Research2006，，12： | 2 |
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