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| 1 | Colorectal cancer screening in countries of European Council outside of the EU-28显示文摘AIM: To provide an update on colorectal cancer(CRC) screening programmes in non-European Union(EU)-28 Council of Europe member states as of December 2015. METHODS: The mission of the Council of Europe is to protect and promote human rights in its 47 member countries. Its 19 non-EU member states are Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republika Srpska, Georgia, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Republic of Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Norway, Russian Federation, San Marino, Serbia, Switzerland, FYR of Macedonia, Turkey, and Ukraine(EU-19). The main data source were GLOBOCAN, IARC, WHO, EUCAN, NORDCAN, ENCR, volume X of the CI5, the ministerial and Public Health Agency websites of the individual countries, Pub Med, EMBASE, registries of some websites and the www.cochranelibrary.com, Scopus, www.clinicaltrials.gov, www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu, Research gate, Google and data extracted from screening programme results. RESULTS: Our results show that epidemiological data quality varies broadly between EU-28 and EU-19 countries. In terms of incidence, only 30% of EU-19 countries rank high in data quality as opposed to 86% of EU-28 states. The same applies to mortality data, since 52% of EU-19 countries as against all EU-28 countries are found in the high ranks. Assessment of the method of collection of incidence data showed that only 32% of EU-19 countries are found in the top three quality classes as against 89% of EU-28 countries. For the mortality data, 63% of EU-19 countries are found in the highest ranks as opposed to all EU-28 member states. Interestingly, comparison of neighbouring countries offering regional screening shows, for instance, that incidence and mortality rates are respectively 38.9 and 13.0 in Norway and 29.2 and10.9 in Sweden, whereas in Finland, where a national organised programme is available, they are respectively 23.5 and 9.3. CONCLUSION: Cancer screening should be viewed as a key health care tool, also because investing in screening protects the weakest in the population, decreases the social burden of cancer, and reduces all types of health care costs, including those for radical surgery, long-term hospitalisation, and chemotherapy. | Emma Altobelli Francesco D'Aloisio Paolo Matteo Angeletti | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，20： | 5 |
| 2 | Review of primary sclerosing cholangitis with increased IgG4 levels显示文摘Primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC) is a chronic progressive liver disease. Subtypes of PSC have been described, most recently PSC with elevated serum and/or tissue IgG4 subclass. We aim to summarise the clinical phenotype,disease associations, differential diagnosis, response to therapy and pathogenic mechanisms underlying PSC-high IgG4 subtype. We reviewed Pub Med,MEDLINE and Embase with the search terms 'primary sclerosing cholangitis','IgG4', and 'IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis(IgG4-SC)'. Elevated serum IgG4 are found in up-to one-quarter, and abundant IgG4-plasma cell infiltrates in the liver and bile ducts are found in up-to one-fifth of PSC patients. This group have a distinct clinical phenotype, with some studies reporting a more aggressive course of liver and associated inflammatory bowel disease, compared to PSCnormal IgG4 and the disease mimic IgG4-SC. Distinguishing PSC-high IgG4 from IgG4-SC remains challenging, requiring careful assessment of clinical features,organ involvement and tissue morphology. Calculation of serum IgG4:IgG1 ratios and use of a novel IgG4:IgG RNA ratio have been reported to have excellent specificity to distinguish IgG4-SC and PSC-high IgG4 but require validation in larger cohorts. A role for corticosteroid therapy in PSC-high IgG4 remains unanswered, with concerns of increased toxicity and lack of outcome data. The immunological drivers underlying prominent IgG4 antibodies in PSC are incompletely defined. An association with PSC-high IgG4 and HLA class-II haplotypes(B*07, DRB1*15), T-helper2 and T-regulatory cytokines(IL4, IL10,IL13) and chemokines(CCL1, CCR8) have been described. PSC-high IgG4 have a distinct clinical phenotype and need careful discrimination from IgG4-SC,although response to immunosuppressive treatments and long-term outcome remains unresolved. The presence of IgG4 likely represents chronic activation to persistent antigenic exposure in genetically predisposed individuals. | Charis D Manganis Roger W Chapman Emma L Culver | 2020 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2020，26，23： | 5 |
| 3 | Phoenixin: uncovering its receptor, signaling and functions显示文摘Phoenixin (PNX ) 是被连接了到繁殖功能的最新发现的肽,两个在视下丘和垂体。这评论将集中于与这新奇 neuropeptide 有关的最近的发现。开始, PNX 增加了释放刺激的荷尔蒙(GnRH ) 的 gonadotropin,这被发现从垂体房间的 luteinizing 荷尔蒙(LH ) 版本。重要地,在扩大的雌老鼠的 PNX 击倒到 2.3 天的动情期的周期。用新奇 hypothalamic 房间线,我们发现 PNX 在 kisspeptin (吻) 和 GnRH 基因表示和分泌物上有一个 stimulatory 角色。PNX 受体用 GPR173 击倒的 siRNA 被揭开,孤儿受体要求了绑 PNX。我们发现了在 hypothalamic 神经原通过蛋白质 kinase A (PKA ) 发信号的 PNX-R。很多研究表明的 Althuogh 那 PNX 在繁殖功能起一个重要作用,也有证据,它可以有另外的功能,调整心,喂,记忆,和焦虑,两个在大脑和圆周。 | Emma K MCILWRAITH Denise D BELSHAM | 2018 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2018，39，5： | 4 |
| 4 | Nat Genet:单基因突变导致过敏性皮炎的发生显示文摘最近,研究者们鉴定出了一类导致神经性皮炎发生的关键基因突变:CARDll。来自美国NIH过敏与传染病研究所的研究者们通过对四个没有血缘关系的患病家庭进行分析,发现了这一导致疾病产生的基因、 | Chi A Ma, Yuan Zhang, Michael A Weinreich, Jonathan J Lyons, Celeste G Nelson, Thomas DiMaggio, Kelly D Stone, Joshua D Milner Jeffrey R Stinson, Elisa Ruffo, Batsukh Dorjbal, Swadhinya Arjunaraja, Kelsey Voss, Andrew L Snow Jordan K Abbott, Pia J Hauk, Paul R Reynolds, Erwin W Gelfand Elisa Ruffo Salomé Glauzy, Natsuko Yamakawa, Eric Meffre Jennifer Stoddard, Julie Niemela, Sergio D Rosenzweig Yu Zhang, Helen F Matthews Joshua J McElwee Nina Jones Alejandro Palma, Matías Oleastro, Emma Prieto, Andrea R Bernasconi, Geronimo Dubra, Silvia Danielian, Jonathan Zaiat, Marcelo A Marti Brian Kim Megan A Cooper Neil Romberg | 2017 | 现代生物医学进展2017，17，27： | 3 |
| 5 | Orthokinetic destabilization of emulsions by saturated and unsaturated monoglycerides 显示文摘 | Emma D Dickinson Rpdney D B | 2001 | International Dairy Journal2001，，11： | 2 |
| 6 | Adalimumab for Crohn’s disease: Long-term sustained benefit in a population-based cohort of 438 patients显示文摘 | Charlotte P. Peters Emma J. Eshuis Florien M. Toxopeüs Merel E. Hellemons Jeroen M. Jansen Geert R.A.M. D’Haens Paul Fockens Pieter C.F. Stokkers Hans A.R.E. Tuynman Adriaan A. van Bodegraven Cyriel Y. Ponsioen | 2014 | Journal of Crohn’s and Colitis2014，，： | 2 |
| 7 | Collapsing glomerulopathy associ ated with inherited mitochondriai injury显示文摘 | Barisoni L Diomedi-Camassei F Santorelli F M Caridi G Thomas D B Emma F | 2008 | Kidney Int2008，74，： | 1 |
| 8 | An in vivo Comparison of Intestinal pH and Bacteria as Physiological Trigger Mechanisms for Colonic Targeting in Man显示文摘 | Emma L McConnell a Michael D Short Abdul W Basit | 2008 | Journal of Controlled Release2008，130，： | 1 |
| 9 | Sunitinib 显示文摘 | DEEKS E D EMMA D KEATING G M | 2006 | Drugs2006，66，17： | 1 |
| 10 | Branch History Table Prediction of Moving Target Branches due to Subroutine Returns显示文摘 | D R Kaeli P G Emma | 1991 | ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News1991，19，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Ontogenetic changes in social behaviour in theforest tent caterpillar Malacosoma disstria显示文摘 | Emma D Sara H | 2004 | Behavioral Ecologyand Sociobiology2004，56，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Association of human cy- clinE with a periodic G1 -S phase protein kinase 显示文摘 | Vjekoslav D Emma L Steven I R | 1992 | Sci- ence1992，257，25： | 1 |
| 13 | Effects of Severe Hypoxia on Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiation Potential显示文摘 | Claudia Cicione Emma Mui?os-López Tamara Hermida-Gómez Isaac Fuentes-Boquete Silvia Díaz-Prado Francisco J. Blanco B. Bunnell | 2013 | Stem Cells International2013，，： | 1 |
| 14 | Sensitivity analysis of TWT's small signal gain based on the effect of rod shape and dimensions显示文摘 | Emma F Paoloni C | 2000 | IEEE Trans on Electron Devices2000，47，7： | 1 |
| 15 | Accurate analysis of helix slow-wave structures显示文摘 | Emma F Paoloni C | 1998 | IEEE Trans on Electron Devices1998，45，7： | 1 |
| 16 | Seasonal variations in the disinfectionby-product precursor profile of reservoir water显示文摘 | Emma H Goslan D A Fearing J B | 2002 | AQUA2002，51，8： | 1 |
| 17 | Measures of Fatigue显示文摘 | Sarah H Emma D Celia A | 2011 | Arthri- tis Care & Research2011，63，11： | 1 |
| 18 | The 'place'of interpretation:A new approach to the evaluation ofinterpretation显示文摘 | Emma J S Bromwyn M H Patrick J D | 1998 | Tourism Management1998，，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Locust plagues then and now显示文摘 | Emma D | 2005 | Bulletin of Entomological Society of Canada2005，37，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Evidence for the epithelial to mesenchymal transition in biliary atresia fibrosis显示文摘 | Rosalyn Díaz Ji Won Kim Jia-Ji Hui Zhaodong Li Gary P. Swain Keith S.K. Fong Katalin Csiszar Pierre A. Russo Elizabeth B. Rand Emma E. Furth Rebecca G. Wells | 2008 | Human Pathology2008，，1： | 1 |
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