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| 1 | GRADE指南:Ⅵ.证据质量评价--不精确性(随机误差)显示文摘GRADE建议通过检查95%可信区间(CI)为决定不精确性的最佳方法。在指南实际运用中,如果CI的上、下限值代表了真实效应,而临床实际情况与之不符时,必须降低证据质量级别(即对效应估计值的把握度)。除外当效应值很大且可信区间提示效应稳健,而总样本量不大且事件数很少的情况,其他应考虑因不精确性而降低证据质量级别。作此决定时,可计算有足够检验效能的单个试验所需的病例数(定义为'最优信息样本量',即optimal information size,OIS)。对连续型变量,我们建议用类似方法,首先考虑可信区间上、下限值,再计算OIS。系统评价(SR)所需方法略有不同。如果95%CI不包括相对危险度(RR)为1,且总事件发生数或病例数超过OIS标准,则精确性良好。如果95%CI包括了明显获益或危害(我们建议以RR值<0.75或>1.25作粗标准),即使达到OIS要求,因不精确性而降低证据质量级别较恰当。 | Gordon Guyatt Andrew D.Oxman Regina Kunz Jan Brozek Pablo Alonso-Coello David Rind PJ Devereaux Victor M.Montori Bo Freyschuss Gunn Vist Roman Jaeschke John W.Williams Jr. Mohammad Hassan Murad David Sinclairk Yngve Falck-Ytter Joerg Meerpohl Craig Whittington Kristian orlund Je Andrews Holger J.Schünemann 代表GRADE工作组 李幼平 王莉 陈尹 高霑 | 2011 | 中国循证医学杂志2011，11，12： | 43 |
| 2 | An investigation of the differential performance of clones of the aphid Sitobion avenae on two host species显示文摘 | BARRO PJ de SHERRATT T N DAVID O | 1995 | Oecologia1995，104，3： | 1 |
| 3 | Genetic variation within a parthenogenetic lineage显示文摘 | LUSHAI G BARRO PJ DAVID O | 1998 | Insect Molecular Biology1998，7，4： | 1 |
| 4 | Direct vascular and cardioprotective effects of rosuvastatin, a new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor显示文摘 | Steven PJ Michael FG David MR | 2002 | JACC2002，40，6： | 1 |
| 5 | The effect of single-detector CT versus MDCT on clinical outcomes in patients with suspected acute, pulmonary embolism and negative re- suits on CT pulmonary angiography 显示文摘 | David PJ Robert C Gilkeson MD | 2005 | Am J Roentgenol2005，184，： | 1 |
| 6 | Role of hemastatie gene polymorphism in venous and arterial thrombotic diseases显示文摘 | DAVID AL GRANT PJ | 2000 | Blood2000，95，5： | 1 |
| 7 | Merkel cell carcinoma: prognosis and treatment of patients from a single institution 显示文摘 | Peter JA Wilbur BB David PJ | 2005 | J Clin Oncol2005，23，10： | 1 |
| 8 | Different forms of pig liver esterase显示文摘 | David F William PJ | 1980 | Archives Biochem Biophysi1980，203，1： | 1 |
| 9 | MHC classⅠ expression protects rat colon carcinoma cells from hepatic natural killer cell-mediated apoptosis and cytolysis,by blocking the pefforin/granzyme pathway显示文摘 | Luo Dzh David Vermijlen Kuppen PJ | 2002 | Comp Hepatol2002，1，1： | 1 |
| 10 | PET/CT today and tomorrow显示文摘 | David WT Jonathan PJ | 2004 | J Nuclear Med2004，22，5： | 1 |
| 11 | PET/CT Today and Tomorrow显示文摘 | David W Jonathan PJ Jeffrey T | 2004 | J Nucl Med2004，45，： | 1 |
| 12 | PET/CT today and tomorrow显示文摘 | David W Jonathan PJ Jeffrey T | 2004 | J Nucl Med2004，45，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Managemeng of primary and recurrent soft-tissue sarcoma of the retroperitoneal显示文摘 | David PJ Coit GC HaiduLH | 1990 | Ann Surg1990，212，1： | 1 |
| 14 | 830 nm laser irradiation induces varicosity formation,reduces mitochondrial membrane potential and blocks fast axonal flow in small and medium diameter rat dorsal root ganglion neurons:Implications for the analgesic effects of 830 nm laser显示文摘 | Chow RT David MA Annati PJ | | 0，，01： | 1 |
| 15 | 830 nm laser irradiation induces varicosity formation, reduces mitochondrial membrane potential and blocks fast axonal flow in small and medium diameter rat dorsal root ganglion neurons: implications for the analgesic effects of 830 nm laser显示文摘 | Chow RT David MA Armati PJ | 2007 | Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System2007，12，： | 1 |
| 16 | β-adrenergic pathways in nonfailing and failing human ventricular myocardium显示文摘 | Bristow MR Hershberger RE David PJ | 1990 | Circulation1990，82，： | 1 |
| 17 | Methicillin resistance of Staphylococcus species among health care and nonhealth care workers undergoing cataract surgery显示文摘 | Olson Kerry Solomon Taryn Conway Raizman PJ McDonnell Francis Price Heather Brown Frank A Bucci Michelle Callegan Eric Donnenfeld R B Wallace Dell WB Trattler David Hollander Devgan Rhett M. Schiffman | 2010 | Clinical Ophthalmology (default)2010，，： | 1 |
| 18 | PET/CT today and tomorrow 显示文摘 | David WT Jonathan PJ | 2004 | The Journal of Nuclear Medicine2004，45，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Cisplatin, etoposide and either bleomycin or ifosfamide in the treatment of dissenminated germ cell tumors: final analysis of an intergroup trial显示文摘 | Hinton S Catalano PJ Einborn LH Nichols CR David Crawford E Vogelzang N | 2003 | Cancer2003，97，8： | 1 |
| 20 | Glomalin extraction and measurement显示文摘 | David PJ Garamszegi S Beltran B | 2008 | Soil Biology Biochemistry2008，40，72： | 1 |
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