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| 1 | Quantifying geological uncertainty in metamorphic phase equilibria modelling;a Monte Carlo assessment and implications for tectonic interpretations显示文摘Pseudosection modelling is rapidly becoming an essential part of a petrologist's toolkit and often forms the basis of interpreting the tectonothermal evolution of a rock sample,outcrop,or geological region.Of the several factors that can affect the accuracy and precision of such calculated phase diagrams, 'geological' uncertainty related to natural petrographic variation at the hand sample- and/or thin section-scale is rarely considered.Such uncertainty influences the sample's bulk composition,which is the primary control on its equilibrium phase relationships and thus the interpreted pressure-temperature(P-T) conditions of formation.Two case study examples-a garnet-cordierite granofels and a garnet-staurolite-kyanite schist-are used to compare the relative importance that geological uncertainty has on bulk compositions determined via(1) X-ray fluorescence(XRF) or(2) point counting techniques.We show that only minor mineralogical variation at the thin-section scale propagates through the phase equilibria modelling procedure and affects the absolute P-T conditions at which key assemblages are stable.Absolute displacements of equilibria can approach ±1 kbar for only a moderate degree of modal proportion uncertainty,thus being essentially similar to the magnitudes reported for analytical uncertainties in conventional thermobarometry.Bulk compositions determined from multiple thin sections of a heterogeneous garnet-staurolite-kyanite schist show a wide range in major-element oxides,owing to notable variation in mineral proportions.Pseudosections constructed for individual point count-derived bulks accurately reproduce this variability on a case-by-case basis,though averaged proportions do not correlate with those calculated at equivalent peak P-T conditions for a whole-rock XRF-derived bulk composition.The main discrepancies relate to varying proportions of matrix phases(primarily mica) relative to porphyroblasts(primarily staurolite and kyanite),indicating that point counting preserves small-scale petrographic features that are otherwise averaged out in XRF analysis of a larger sample.Careful consideration of the size of the equilibration volume,the constituents that comprise the effective bulk composition,and the best technique to employ for its determination based on rock type and petrographic character,offer the best chance to produce trustworthy data from pseudosection analysis. | Richard M.Palin Owen M.Weller David J.Waters Brendan Dyck | 2016 | Geoscience Frontiers2016，7，4： | 13 |
| 2 | Deep learning analysis of defect and phase evolution during electron beam-induced transformations in WS_(2)显示文摘Recent advances in scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM)allow the real-time visualization of solid-state transformations in materials,including those induced by an electron beam and temperature,with atomic resolution.However,despite the ever-expanding capabilities for high-resolution data acquisition,the inferred information about kinetics and thermodynamics of the process,and single defect dynamics and interactions is minimal.This is due to the inherent limitations of manual ex situ analysis of the collected volumes of data.To circumvent this problem,we developed a deep-learning framework for dynamic STEM imaging that is trained to find the lattice defects and apply it for mapping solid state reactions and transformations in layered WS_(2).The trained deep-learning model allows extracting thousands of lattice defects from raw STEM data in a matter of seconds,which are then classified into different categories using unsupervised clustering methods.We further expanded our framework to extract parameters of diffusion for sulfur vacancies and analyzed transition probabilities associated with switching between different configurations of defect complexes consisting of Mo dopant and sulfur vacancy,providing insight into pointdefect dynamics and reactions.This approach is universal and its application to beam-induced reactions allows mapping chemical transformation pathways in solids at the atomic level. | Artem Maksov Ondrej Dyck Kai Wang Kai Xiao David B.Geohegan Bobby G.Sumpter Rama K.Vasudevan Stephen Jesse Sergei V.Kalinin Maxim Ziatdinov | 2019 | npj Computational Materials2019，，1： | 11 |
| 3 | The effects of aerated irrigation on soil respiration, oxygen, and porosity显示文摘To ameliorate soil oxygen deficiencies around subsurface drip irrigation(SDI) drippers, aerated irrigation(AI) was introduced to supply aerated water to the soil through venturi installed in the SDI pipeline. The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of AI on soil respiration(SR), air-filled porosity(AFP), soil temperature(ST), and oxygen concentrations(OCC). Total soil respiration(TSR), biological activity temperature index(BAT), and soil oxygen consumption(OCS) based on SR, ST, and OCC, respectively, were subsequently calculated to explore the relationships between TSR, BAT, OCS, OCC, and AFP. Greenhouse-based experiments included two treatments: AI and unaerated SDI(CK), during the tomato growing season in the fall of 2015. The results showed that compared with CK, AI treatment significantly increased OCC and AFP(by 16 and 7.4%, respectively), as well as TSR and OCS(by 24.21 and 22.91%, respectively)(P<0.05). Mean fruit yield with AI treatment was also 23% higher(P<0.05) than that with CK. When BAT was controlled, partial correlations between TSR, OCS, OCC, and AFP were all significant in the AI treatment but not in the CK treatment. TSR was more sensitive to the interaction effects of OCC, OCS, AFP, and BAT under the AI treatment. Thus, the significantly increased TSR with AI appeared to be due to the favorable soil aeration conditi ons(higher OCC and AFP). Furthermore, the improvements in soil aeration conditions and respiration with AI appeared to facilitate the improvement in fruit yields, which also suggests the economic benefits of AI. | ZHU Yan Miles Dyck CAI Huan-jie SONG Li-bing CHEN Hui | 2019 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2019，18，12： | 8 |
| 4 | 土壤水分特征曲线模型模拟性能评价显示文摘土壤水分特征曲线模型作为实验测定土壤水分特征数据的一种替代方法,因其具有计算方便快捷和便于嵌入数值模拟程序的优点,开始受到越来越广泛的关注。虽然文献中存在众多的土壤水分特征曲线模型,但是这些模型的适用范围及拟合性能尚不明确。为了获得更加准确适用的土壤水分特征曲线,在实际应用中通常需要花费大量时间和精力去测试各种模型。为了解决上述问题,在国内外研究成果的基础上收集整理了12种典型的土壤水分特征曲线模型,并利用包含不同质地、有机质含量及容重的8种土壤的实测土壤水分特征数据来评估比较这些模型的模拟性能。模型性能通过均方根误差(RMSE)、平均偏差(AD)、AIC准则(Akaike Information Criterion)和纳什效率系数(NSE)4个指标评估。研究结果表明:大部分的模型能够提供比较接近于实际的拟合结果,评价指标值也比较相近。其中,KCGS2006(包含3个参数)和K1999模型(包含2个参数)拟合效果最好,而Gregson1987(包含1个参数)的拟合效果最差。该研究可以深入了解各种土壤水分特征曲线模型的适用性与局限性,更好地为生态环境建设和农业可持续发展研究中土壤水力参数的选取提供依据和参考。 | 王愿斌 王佳铭 樊媛媛 陈娟 Miles Dyck 金会军 何海龙 | 2019 | 冰川冻土2019，41，6： | 7 |
| 5 | Mapping mesoscopic phase evolution during E-beam induced transformations via deep learning of atomically resolved images显示文摘Understanding transformations under electron beam irradiation requires mapping the structural phases and their evolution in real time.To date,this has mostly been a manual endeavor comprising difficult frame-by-frame analysis that is simultaneously tedious and prone to error.Here,we turn toward the use of deep convolutional neural networks(DCNN)to automatically determine the Bravais lattice symmetry present in atomically resolved images.A DCNN is trained to identify the Bravais lattice class given a 2D fast Fourier transform of the input image.Monte-Carlo dropout is used for determining the prediction probability,and results are shown for both simulated and real atomically resolved images from scanning tunneling microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy.A reduced representation of the final layer output allows to visualize the separation of classes in the DCNN and agrees with physical intuition.We then apply the trained network to electron beam-induced transformations in WS2,which allows tracking and determination of growth rate of voids.We highlight two key aspects of these results:(1)it shows that DCNNs can be trained to recognize diffraction patterns,which is markedly different from the typical“real image”cases and(2)it provides a method with inbuilt uncertainty quantification,allowing the real-time analysis of phases present in atomically resolved images. | Rama K.Vasudevan Nouamane Laanait Erik M.Ferragut Kai Wang David B.Geohegan Kai Xiao Maxim Ziatdinov Stephen Jesse Ondrej Dyck Sergei V.Kalinin | 2018 | npj Computational Materials2018，，1： | 5 |
| 6 | Determination of critical nitrogen dilution curve based on leaf area index for winter wheat in the Guanzhong Plain, Northwest China显示文摘Excessive use of nitrogen (N) fertilizers in agricultural systems increases the cost of production and risk of environmental pollution. Therefore, determination of optimum N requirements for plant growth is necessary. Previous studies mostly established critical N dilution curves based on aboveground dry matter (DM) or leaf dry matter (LDM) and stem dry matter (SDM), to diagnose the N nutrition status of the whole plant. As these methods are time consuming, we investigated the more rapidly determined leaf area index (LAI) method to establish the critical nitrogen (Nc) dilution curve, and the curve was used to diagnose plant N status for winter wheat in Guanzhong Plain in Northwest China. Field experiments were conducted using four N fertilization levels (0, 105, 210 and 315 kg ha?1) applied to six wheat cultivars in the 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 growing seasons. LAI, DM, plant N concentration (PNC) and grain yield were determined. Data points from four cultivars were used for establishing the Nc curve and data points from the remaining two cultivars were used for validating the curve. The Nc dilution curve was validated for N-limiting and non-N-limiting growth conditions and there was good agreement between estimated and observed values. The N nutrition index (NNI) ranged from 0.41 to 1.25 and the accumulated plant N deficit (Nand) ranged from 60.38 to –17.92 kg ha?1 during the growing season. The relative grain yield was significantly affected by NNI and was adequately described with a parabolic function. The Nc curve based on LAI can be adopted as an alternative and more rapid approach to diagnose plant N status to support N fertilization decisions during the vegetative growth of winter wheat in Guanzhong Plain in Northwest China. | QIANG Sheng-cai ZHANG Fu-cang Miles Dyck ZHANG Yan XIANG You-zhen FAN Jun-liang | 2019 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2019，18，10： | 5 |
| 7 | 日本的奶业政策显示文摘边境措施,如关税和关税配额(tariff-rate quotas,TRQs)为日本加工用牛奶生产者提供了强大的政策支持,并使乳制品在日本国内的消费价格高于世界水平。由于与日本进行饮用奶贸易非常困难,因此日本的饮用奶市场在很大程度上是独立于世界市场之外的。日本奶牛养殖场牛奶生产成本较高,再加上相对高的加工与配送成本, 日本饮用奶的消费价格也较高。日本采用生产配额制来指导生奶的生产量,以此限制牛奶的供给,并保持市场价格的稳定。政府预算根据奶农所生产的、用于加工的牛奶的配额,每公斤向奶农提供直接、固定的补贴。当加工用牛奶的价格下降时,由奶牛养殖场共享的基金和政府提供的捐助,会根据牛奶的现价与历史平均价格的差价向奶农提供部分补助。日本政府对大部分关税配额内的贸易进行控制,并且对关税配额外、由私人贸易者进口的乳制品征收极高的关税。最近有关乳制品商标标识管理办法的改变,使对用奶粉生产的复原乳的需求明显下降,而对液态奶的需求则出现上升。 | Kakuyu Obara John Dyck Jim Stout 聂迎利 | 2005 | 农业展望2005，1，2： | 3 |
| 8 | Deconvolving the pre-Himalayan Indian margin-Tales of crustal growth and destruction显示文摘The metamorphic core of the Himalaya is composed of Indian cratonic rocks with two distinct crustal affinities that are defined by radiogenic isotopic geochemistry and detrital zircon age spectra. One is derived predominantly from the Paleoproterozoic and Archean rocks of the Indian cratonic interior and is either represented as metamorphosed sedimentary rocks of the Lesser Himalayan Sequence(LHS) or as slices of the distal cratonic margin. The other is the Greater Himalayan Sequence(GHS) whose provenance is less clear and has an enigmatic affinity. Here we present new detrital zircon Hf analyses from LHS and GHS samples spanning over 1000 km along the orogen that respectively show a striking similarity in age spectra and Hf isotope ratios. Within the GHS, the zircon age populations at 2800-2500 Ma,1800 Ma, 1000 Ma and 500 Ma can be ascribed to various Gondwanan source regions; however, a pervasive and dominant Tonianage population(~860-800 Ma) with a variably enriched radiogenic Hf isotope signature(eHf = 10 to-20) has not been identified from Gondwana or peripheral accreted terranes. We suggest this detrital zircon age population was derived from a crustal province that was subsequently removed by tectonic erosion. Substantial geologic evidence exists from previous studies across the Himalaya supporting the Cambro-Ordovician Kurgiakh Orogeny. We propose the tectonic removal of Tonian lithosphere occurred prior to or during this Cambro-Ordovician episode of orogenesis in a similar scenario as is seen in the modern Andean and Indonesian orogenies, wherein tectonic processes have removed significant portions of the continental lithosphere in a relatively short amount of time. This model described herein of the pre-Himalayan northern margin of Greater India highlights the paucity of the geologic record associated with the growth of continental crust. Although the continental crust is the archive of Earth history, it is vital to recognize the ways in which preservation bias and destruction of continental crust informs geologic models. | Christopher J.Spencer Brendan Dyck Catherine M.Mottram Nick M.W.Roberts Wei-Hua Yao Erin L.Martin | 2019 | Geoscience Frontiers2019，10，3： | 3 |
| 9 | Exploring the metamorphic consequences of secular change in the siliciclastic compositions of continental margins显示文摘Shale and greywacke compositions from the Archean to Phanerozoic record a secular change in the siliciclastic material that comprises much of Earth's continental margins, past and present. This study explores the metamorphic consequence of these compositional changes, by comparing phase equilibrium models constructed for average Archean, Proterozoic, and Phanerozoic shale and greywacke compositions equilibrated along two Barrovian-type geotherms: 1330℃/GPa(A) and 800 ℃/GPa(B). Our models show that Archean siliciclastic rocks can retain up to 4 vol.% water at middle to lower crustal conditions, nearly twice that of Proterozoic and Phanerozoic compositions. The increased ferromagnesium content of Archean siliciclastic rocks stabilizes chlorite to higher temperatures and results in a biotite-rich assemblage at solidus temperatures. Accordingly, water-absent biotite dehydration melting is predicted to play a greater role in the generation of melt in the metamorphism of Archean aged units,and water-absent muscovite dehydration melting is of increasing importance through the Proterozoic and Phanerozoic. This secular variation in predicted mineral assemblages demonstrates the care with which metamorphic facies diagrams should be applied to Archean compositions. Moreover, secular changes in the composition of shale and greywacke is reflected in the evolution of anatectic melt towards an increasingly less viscous, Ca-rich, and Mg-poor monzogranite. | Gautier Nicoli Brendan Dyck | 2018 | Geoscience Frontiers2018，9，4： | 3 |
| 10 | The Corporate Governance Role of the Media: Evidence from Russia显示文摘 | ALEXANDER DYCK NATALYA VOLCHKOVA LUIGI ZINGALES | 2008 | The Journal of Finance2008，，3： | 3 |
| 11 | The home as a site for long-term care: meanings and management of bodies and spaces显示文摘 | Isabel Dyck Pia Kontos Jan Angus Patricia McKeever | 2004 | Health and Place2004，，2： | 2 |
| 12 | Metamorphic consequences of secular changes in oceanic crust composition and implications for uniformitarianism in the geological record显示文摘Cooling of the Earth's mantle since the Meso-Archean is predicted by thermal and petrological models to have induced a secular change in the composition of primary mantle-derived magmas-and thus bulk oceanic crust; in particular, suggesting a decrease in maficity over time. This hypothesis underpins several recent studies that have addressed key geological questions concerning evolving plate tectonic styles, the rates and timing of continental crust formation, comparative planetology, and the emergence of complex life on Earth. Major, minor, and trace element geochemical analyses of(meta)mafic rocks preserved in the geological record allows exploration of this theory, although no consensus currently exists about the magnitude of this change and what compositions-if anything-constitute representative examples of Paleo-, Meso-, or Neo-Archean primitive oceanic crust. In this work, we review the current state of understanding of this issue, and use phase equilibria to examine the different mineral assemblages and rock types that would form during metamorphism of basalt of varying maficity in subduction zone environments. The presence(or absence) of such metamorphic products in the geological record is often used as evidence for(or against) the operation of modern-day subductiondriven plate tectonics on Earth at particular time periods; however, the control that secular changes in composition have on the stability of mineral assemblages diagnostic of subduction-zone metamorphism weakens such uniformitarianistic approaches. Geodynamic interpretations of the Archean metamorphic rock record must therefore employ a different set of petrological criteria for determining tectonothermal histories than those applied to Proterozoic or Phanerozoic equivalents. | Richard M.Palin Brendan Dyck | 2018 | Geoscience Frontiers2018，9，4： | 2 |
| 13 | 时域反射仪(TDR)测定土壤含水量标定曲线评价与方案推荐显示文摘时域反射仪(Time Domain Reflectometry)可用于室内和田间快速、准确、自动测定土壤含水量,是目前应用最广泛的土壤含水量测定方法之一。适宜的土壤含水量标定曲线(即土壤表观介电常数和土壤含水量之间的关系)是TDR准确测定土壤含水量的关键。目前文献中存在大量的土壤含水量标定曲线,但尚未有研究对这些标定曲线进行系统的验证和分析评价。因此,它们的准确性和适用范围尚不明晰,严重影响到与土壤含水量测定相关的研究。通过查阅大量国内外文献,收集整理了一系列土壤含水量标定曲线的经验公式(19个)和半经验半物理模型(5个),并利用大量的文献实测数据对其进行综合评价。同时运用均方根差(RMSE),平均误差(AD),纳什效率系数(NSE)等三个指标对比分析和评价这些标定曲线的准确性和可靠性。研究结果表明:经验公式中Topp、Roth(1992)2、Jacobosen、Yoshikawa2、Alharathi模型和半经验模型中Malicki1公式及其修订模型综合性能较好。研究成果可为利用TDR准确测定土壤含水量及土壤含水量标定曲线的选择提供参考和指导。 | 徐玲玲 高彩虹 王佳铭 金会军 吴青柏 Miles DYCK 何海龙 | 2020 | 冰川冻土2020，42，1： | 2 |
| 14 | 日本的奶业政策显示文摘4综合支持量(AMS)与生产者支持评估(PSE)
要想确定评价日本奶业各级支持政策的指标,需要特别考虑政策所涉及的范围、指标本身,以及所采用的计算方法.通过两个重要的指标,即综合支持量(Aggregate Measurement of Support,AMS)和生产者支持评估(Producer Support Estimate,PSE)来计算,就可得出两个显著不同的结果,其主要原因在于AMS未包含边境措施.最新的PSE(相对复杂的指标)值几乎比AMS高出10倍. | Kakuyu Obara John Dyck Jim Stout 聂迎利 | 2005 | 农业展望2005，1，3： | 2 |
| 15 | Theft and taxes显示文摘 | Mihir A. Desai Alexander Dyck Luigi Zingales | 2007 | Journal of Financial Economics2007，，3： | 2 |
| 16 | Peripheral neuropathy incidence in inflammatory bowel disease: A population-based study显示文摘 | Juan J. Figueroa Edward V. Loftus William S. Harmsen P. James B. Dyck Christopher J. Klein | 2013 | Neurology2013，，18： | 2 |
| 17 | Characterization of different plasma-treated cobalt oxide catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline media显示文摘Plasma-synthesized cobalt oxide supported on carbon has been analyzed for its use for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) in alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cells(AEMFC). This work presents the ORR activity in 0.1 mol L^(-1) KOH and 0.1 mol L^(-1) K_2CO_3at25 °C. Cyclic voltammetry(CV) was used to determine the potentials at which the ORR occurs and to evaluate the stability of catalyst. Moreover, a rotating ring-disk electrode(RRDE) was used to investigate the activity of the catalysts and the formation of the by-product hydroperoxide anion(HO2-) as well as to identify the preferred pathway of the ORR. Calculated kinetic parameters for the ORR for the cobalt catalysts are shown in this work together with a comparison to a commercial platinum catalyst. However, the cobalt oxide produced more by-products which could lead to damage of the membrane in a fuel cell through a radical attack of the polymer backbone. | Lisa M.Uhlig Gustav Sievers Volker Brüser Alexander Dyck Gunther Wittstock | 2016 | Science Bulletin2016，61，8： | 2 |
| 18 | The future of high resolution electron microscopy显示文摘The state of the art and the future in quantitative high resolution electron microscopy are discussed in the framework of parameter estimation. Reconstruction methods are then to be considered as direct methods to yield a starting structure for further refinement. With the increasing flexibility of the instruments, computer aided experimental strategy will become important. | D Van Dyck Department of Physics,University of Antwerp (RUCA),Groenenborgerlaan 171,B-2020 Antwerpen,Belgium | 2000 | 电子显微学报2000，19，5： | 2 |
| 19 | Coronary artery bypass graft surgery versus percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with three-vessel disease and left main coronary disease: 5-year follow-up of the randomised, clinical SYNTAX trial显示文摘 | Friedrich W Mohr Marie-Claude Morice A Pieter Kappetein Ted E Feldman Elisabeth St?hle Antonio Colombo Michael J Mack David R Holmes Marie-angèle Morel Nic Van Dyck Vicki M Houle Keith D Dawkins Patrick W Serruys | 2013 | The Lancet . 2013 (9867)2013，，9867： | 2 |
| 20 | Who Blows the Whistle on Corporate Fraud?显示文摘 | ALEXANDER DYCK ADAIR MORSE LUIGI ZINGALES | 2010 | The Journal of Finance2010，，6： | 2 |
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