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| 1 | Sperm DNA fragmentation, recurrent implantation failure and recurrent miscarriage显示文摘证据正在增加精子 DNA 的正直可能也与培植失败和周期性的流产(RM ) 有关。调查这,在有在 vitro 授精,与 RM 诊断的 16 个女人和七位最近的父亲(控制) 列在后面的周期性的培植失败(RIF ) 的 35 个女人的搭挡的精子 DNA 破碎被检验。精子由测试和终端 deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP 刻痕结束标记的精子染色质分散(SCD )(TUNEL ) 是检验密度前和密度以后的 centrifugation 试金。在在三之间的搭挡或精子集中,活动性或形态学组织的任何一个的年龄没有重要差别。而且,在 DNA 破碎由也测量了的精子没有明显的差别测试。不管多么虽然平均在所有的精子 DNA 破碎组织当由 SCD 测试测量了时,在准备精子是统计上更低的,这没从 TUNEL 试金与结果被看见。这些结果不支持精子 DNA 破碎是 RIF 或 RM 的一个重要原因的假设,否则测试的那精子 DNA 正直在如此的病人有价值。它也在从精子 DNA 破碎测试解释数据加亮测试方法论和精子准备方法之间的重要差别。 | Carol Coughlan Helen Clarke Rachel Cutting Jane Saxton Sarah Waite William Ledger Tinchiu Li Allan A Pacey | 2015 | Asian Journal of Andrology2015，17，4： | 17 |
| 2 | National trends in resection of the distal pancreas显示文摘AIM:To investigate national trends in distal pancreatectomy(DP) through query of three national patient care databases.METHODS:From the Nationwide Inpatient Sample(NIS,2003-2009),the National Surgical Quality Improvement Project(NSQIP,2005-2010),and the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results(SEER,2003-2009) databases using appropriate diagnostic and procedural codes we identified all patients with a diagnosis of a benign or malignant lesion of the body and/or tail of the pancreas that had undergone a partial or distal pancreatectomy.Utilization of laparoscopy was defined in NIS by the International Classification of Diseases,Ninth Revision correspondent procedure code;and in NSQIP by the exploratory laparoscopy or unlisted procedure current procedural terminology codes.In SEER,patients were identified by the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology,Third Edition diagnosis codes and the SEER Program Code Manual,third edition procedure codes.We analyzed the databases with respect to trends of inpatient outcome metrics,oncologic outcomes,and hospital volumes in patients with lesions of the neck and body of the pancreas that underwent operative resection.RESULTS:NIS,NSQIP and SEER identified 4242,2681 and 11 082 DP resections,respectively.Overall,laparoscopy was utilized in 15%(NIS) and 27%(NSQIP).No significant increase was seen over the course of the study.Resection was performed for malignancy in 59%(NIS) and 66%(NSQIP).Neither patient Body mass index nor comorbidities were associated with operative approach(P = 0.95 and P = 0.96,respectively).Mortality(3% vs 2%,P = 0.05) and reoperation(4% vs 4%,P = 1.0) was not different between laparoscopy and open groups.Overall complications(10% vs 15%,P < 0.001),hospital costs [44 741 dollars,interquartile range(IQR) 28 347-74 114 dollars vs 49 792 dollars,IQR 13 299-73 463,P = 0.02] and hospital length of stay(7 d,IQR 4-11 d vs 7 d,IQR 6-10,P < 0.001) were less when laparoscopy was utilized.One and two year survival after resection for malignancy were unchanged over the course of the study(ductal adenocarinoma 1-year 63.6% and 2-year 35.1%,P = 0.53;intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm and nueroendocrine 1-year 90% and 2-year 84%,P = 0.25).The majority of resections were performed in teaching hospitals(77% NIS and 85% NSQIP),but minimally invasive surgery(MIS) was not more likely to be used in teaching hospitals(15% vs 14%,P = 0.26).Hospitals in the top decile for volume were more likely to be teaching hospitals than lower volume deciles(88% vs 43%,P < 0.001),but were no more likely to utilize MIS at resection.Complication rate in teaching and the top decile hospitals was not significantly decreased when compared to non-teaching(15% vs 14%,P = 0.72) and lower volume hospitals(14% vs 15%,P = 0.99).No difference was seen in the median number of lymph nodes and lymph node ratio in N1 disease when compared by year(P = 0.17 and P = 0.96,respectively).CONCLUSION:There appears to be an overall underutilization of laparoscopy for DP.Centralization does not appear to be occurring.Survival and lymph node harvest have not changed. | Armando Rosales-Velderrain Steven P Bowers Ross F Goldberg Tatyan M Clarke Mauricia A Buchanan John A Stauffer Horacio J Asbun | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，32： | 8 |
| 3 | Gastric per-oral endoscopic myotomy: Current status and future directions显示文摘Gastroparesis, or symptomatic delayed gastric emptying in the absence of mechanical obstruction, is a challenging and increasingly identified syndrome. Medical options are limited and the only medication approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treatment of gastroparesis is metoclopramide, although other agents are frequently used off label. With this caveat, first-line treatments for gastroparesis include dietary modifications, antiemetics and promotility agents, although these therapies are limited by suboptimal efficacy and significant medication side effects. Treatment of patients that fail first-line treatments represents a significant therapeutic challenge. Recent advances in endoscopic techniques have led to the development of a promising novel endoscopic therapy for gastroparesis via endoscopic pyloromyotomy, also referred to as gastric per-oral endoscopic myotomy or per-oral endoscopic pyloromyotomy. The aim of this article is to review the technical aspects of the per-oral endoscopic myotomy procedure for the treatment of gastroparesis, provide an overview of the currently published literature, and outline potential next directions for the field. | Alexander Podboy Joo Ha Hwang Linda A Nguyen Patricia Garcia Thomas A Zikos Afrin Kamal George Triadafilopoulos John O Clarke | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，21： | 3 |
| 4 | Cancer-related inflammation and treatment effectiveness显示文摘 | Connie I Diakos Kellie A Charles Donald C McMillan Stephen J Clarke | 2014 | Lancet Oncology2014，，： | 3 |
| 5 | Frequent amplification of a chr19q13.41 microRNA polycistron in aggressive primitive neuroectodermal brain tumors显示文摘 | Li M Lee KF Lu Y Clarke I Shih D Eberhart C Collins VP Van Meter T Picard D Zhou L Boutros PC Modena P Liang ML Scherer SW Bouffet E Rutka JT Pomeroy SL Lau CC Taylor MD Gajjar A Dirks PB Hawkins CE Huang A. | 2009 | 中国神经肿瘤杂志2009，7，4： | 3 |
| 6 | 扁桃体鳞癌中HPV感染与EGFR、VEGF表达的相关性研究显示文摘目的:研究扁桃体鳞癌(squamous cell carcinomas of the tonsil tonsillar,SCCs)中人乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus,HPV)感染与血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)和表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor,EGFR)表达的关系,探讨HPV与EGFR和VEGF在扁桃体鳞癌发生中的交互效应。方法:采用多重实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction,MT-PCR)检测85例扁桃体鳞癌HPV DNA及型别,通过HPV DNA分析进行HPV感染状况的测定;同时采用半定量免疫组化检测HPV(+)组和HPV(-)组中VEGF、EGFR蛋白表达情况。结果:扁桃体鳞癌中HPV感染率为49.4%(42/85),HPV-16型占所有感染者的比例为90.5%(38/42),明显高于其他型别;HPV(+)组EGFR蛋白表达明显低于HPV(-)组(P值均<0.01);HPV(+)组与HPV(-)组VEGF蛋白表达无明显差异;此外,VEGF表达与EGFR、患者的年龄、性别、TNM分期、组织学分级均无明显相关性。结论:HPV感染与扁桃体鳞癌的发生存在相关性,HPV相关的扁桃体鳞癌中,HPV基因可能通过改变EGFR表达致癌,为HPV致癌机理进一步研究提供一个新的视角,具有重要的理论意义。 | 费继敏 Timothy A Dobbins Deanna Jones C Soon Lee Christine Loo Jonathan Clark Barbara Rose | 2015 | 现代肿瘤医学2015，23，4： | 3 |
| 7 | Assessing the overall performance of advanced glazing systems 显示文摘 | Clarke J A | 1998 | Solar Energy1998，63，4： | 2 |
| 8 | The gene for an abundant parasite coat protein predicts tandemly repetitive mental binding domains 显示文摘 | Clark T G Lin Tian-Long Jackwood D A | 1999 | Gene1999，229，： | 2 |
| 9 | Circular voided slab stiffness显示文摘 | ELLIOT G CLARK L A | 1982 | Journal of the Structural Division ASCE1982，108，11： | 2 |
| 10 | Removal of enteric viruses from sewage by activated sludge treatment 显示文摘 | Clarke N A Stevenson an E | 1961 | Am J public Health1961，51，10： | 2 |
| 11 | 壳牌对未来车用能源多元化发展趋势的思考显示文摘面对能源短缺和环境污染的双重挑战,交通领域的转型升级不可避免。本文结合未来车用动力系统的发展趋势,对交通运输领域中应用的多种先进动力系统、清洁能源及替代燃料进行综述和评价,包括目前主要使用的传统液态化石燃料即汽、柴油及先进内燃机技术,清洁替代燃料(如生物燃料、天然气合成油(GTL)燃料、电转液(PTL)燃料、液化天然气(LNG)等),以及电气化动力系统(包括混合动力、纯电动和燃料电池)等,并着重讨论液体燃料。壳牌认为没有一种单一的解决方案可以解决复杂的能源问题,未来交通能源结构将呈现多种能源并存的特点,并分别适用于不同的场景。该文还介绍了壳牌近期基于不同政治、经济和社会发展程度提出的3种远景(壳牌“高山”、“海洋”和“天空”远景),提出壳牌对未来车用能源领域转型脱碳发展情景的思考。 | 贾恬 郑彬 Warnecke W Kolbeck A Aradi A Kofod M Clark R Wilbrand K | 2020 | 汽车安全与节能学报2020，11，1： | 2 |
| 12 | 肺癌全基因组测序显示文摘肺癌是全球肿瘤发病率和病死率的主因,且预后很差。加强对肿瘤生物学的认识对肺癌研究至关重要。被誉为'下一代测序技术'的NGS技术(next-generation sequencing)是一种针对全基因组鉴定的有力工具,可以对致癌体细胞突变进行全面检测。大多数的NGS技术是基于平台特异性DNA文库进行多重聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR),从而对目的基因扩增后测序。这种技术适用于高通量测序,可以检测出肿瘤中出现的全部基因组变异。缺点是这种技术需要在时间、实验设备、计算机数据分析、生物信息技术等各方面的大量投入。NGS技术已广泛应用于全基因组、外显子组、转录组和表观基因组的研究中,为肺癌研究和医疗模式带来改变。这项新技术的开展将转变当前对致癌信号通路的认识,可为癌症诊疗提供新的分子靶点。肺癌体细胞突变已有NGS技术的分析报道,但大规模基因组研究仍在进行中。个体化治疗策略将改善那些潜在获益患者的治疗方式,避免'无辜'患者受无效治疗带来的高额费用和不良反应。NGS的组织化、计算机化和生物信息化技术推动了科技的进步,同时,患者知情权和数据发布的相关伦理问题也浮现出来。信号通路中,驱动基因(driver gene)突变和传递基因(passenger gene)突变的区别,需要对测序结果进行细致解读。解读准确与否取决于DNA提取的样本类型、样本处理技术和样本含量。肿瘤异质性也会降低肿瘤基因突变的检测效能。NGS技术将推动对肿瘤基因突变的基础和临床研究,而且,也可应用于单细胞和游离的循环DNA,未来还将用于从体液和肿瘤亚群中获取的DNA样本。如果能进一步降低费用、提高检验速度和精度,NGS技术无疑将会成为肺癌研究的绝佳选择。 | Marissa Daniels Felicia Goh Casey M. Wright Krishna B. Sriram Vandana Relan Belinda E. Clarke Edwina E. Duhig Rayleen V. Bowman Ian A Yang Kwun M. Fong 孙岚 何建行 | 2013 | 国际病理科学与临床杂志2013，33，4： | 2 |
| 13 | Multichannel texture analysis using localized spatial filters显示文摘 | Bovic A C Clark C Geisler W S | 1990 | IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence1990，12，1： | 2 |
| 14 | Interaction between castanospermine an immunosuppressant and cyclosporin A in rat cardiac transplantation显示文摘AIM: To investigate the interaction between castanospermine and cyclosporin A(Cs A) and to provide an explanation for it.METHODS: The alkaloid castanospermine was prepared from the seeds of Castanospermum austral consistently achieving purity. Rat heterotopic cardiac transplantation and mixed lymphocyte reactivity were done using genetically inbred strains of PVG(donor) and DA(recipient). For the mixed lymphocyte reaction stimulator cells were irradiated with 3000 rads using a linear accelerator. Cyclosporin A was administered by gavage and venous blood collected 2 h later(C_2). The blood levels of Cs A(Neoral) were measured by immunoassay which consisted of a homogeneous enzyme assay(EMIT) on Cobas Mira. Statistical analyses of interactions were done by an acceleratedfailure time model with Weibull distribution for allograft survival and logistic regression for the mixed lymphocyte reactivity.RESULTS: Castanospermine prolonged transplant survival times as a function of dose even at relatively low doses. Cyclosporin A also prolonged transplant survival times as a function of dose particularly at doses above 2 mg/kg. There were synergistic interactions between castanospermine and Cs A in the prolongation of cardiac allograft survival for dose ranges of Cs A by castanospermine of(0 to 2) mg/kg by(0 to 200) mg/kg(HR = 0.986; 95%CI: 0.981-0.992; P < 0.001) and(0 to 3) mg/kg by(0 to 100) mg/kg(HR = 0.986; 95%CI: 0.981-0.992; P < 0.001) respectively. The addition of castanospermine did not significantly increase the levels of cyclosporin A on day 3 or day 6 for all doses of Cs A. On the contrary, cessation of castanospermine in the presence of Cs A at 2 mg/kg significantly increased the Cs A level(P = 0.002). Castanospermine inhibited mixed lymphocyte reactivity in a dose dependent manner but without synergistic interaction. CONCLUSION: There is synergistic interaction between castanospermine and Cs A in rat cardiac transplantation. Neither the mixed lymphocyte reaction nor the metabolism of Cs A provides an explanation. | Adrian D Hibberd David A Clark Paul R Trevillian Patrick Mcelduff | 2016 | World Journal of Transplantation2016，6，1： | 2 |
| 15 | Isolation of an unidentified agent from the respiratory tract of chickens显示文摘 | Bankowski R A Corstert R E Clark C T | 1960 | Science1960，132，： | 2 |
| 16 | p38 mitogen-actiated protein kinase regulates cycloxxygenase - 2 mRNA stability and transcription in ipopolysacharide-treated human monocytes显示文摘 | Dean J L Brook M Clark A R | 1999 | J Biol Chen1999，274，： | 1 |
| 17 | Antifungal evaluation of pseudolaric acid B, a major constituent of pseudolarix kaempferi显示文摘 | Li E Clark A M Hufford C D | 1995 | J Nat Prod1995，58，： | 1 |
| 18 | Amplification of an invA gene sequence of Salmonella typhimurium by polymerase chain reaction as a specific methad of detection of Salmonella显示文摘 | Rahn K Grandis S A Clarke R C | 1992 | Mol Cell Probes1992，6，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Origins of breast cancer subtypes and therapeutic implications 显示文摘 | Sims AH Howell A Howell S J Clarke R B | 2007 | Nature Clin Pract Oncol2007，4，12： | 1 |
| 20 | Role of microfilaments in maintenance of proximal tubular structure and functional integrity 显示文摘 | Kellerman P S Clark R A Hoilien C A | 1990 | Am J Physiol1990，259，2： | 1 |
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