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| 1 | 自发性脑出血治疗指南美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会对医疗卫生专业人员发布的指南显示文摘目的本指南旨在为急性自发性脑出血的诊断和治疗提供最新的综合性推荐意见。方法通过Medline进行规范的文献检索,利用证据表合并资料。撰写委员会成员通过远程电信会议讨论根据资料得出的推荐意见。采用美国心脏协会卒中委员会的证据分级方案对推荐意见进行分级。由6位同行评议专家以及卒中委员会科学声明监督委员会和卒中委员会领导委员会成员对指南的草案进行发表前审阅。预期本指南在3年内完全更新。结果本文为脑出血患者的医疗诊治提供了循证指南。重点包括诊断、止血、血压管理、院内管理和护理、预防内科合并症、外科治疗、转归预测、康复、预防复发以及将来需要考虑的问题。结论脑出血是一种严重的疾病,早期积极救治可影响其转归。本指南为脑出血患者的目标导向治疗提供了一个框架。 | Lewis B. Morgenstem J. Claude Hemphill Ⅲ Craig Anderson Kyra Becker Joseph P. Broderick E. Sander Connolly Jr Steven M. Greenberg James N. Huang R. Loch Macdonald Steven R. Messe Pamela H. Mitchell Magdy Selim Rafael J. Tamargo 王玉洁(译) 王健(译) 刘相玉(译) 谢丽丽(译) | 2010 | 国际脑血管病杂志2010，，8： | 259 |
| 2 | Double-stranded DNA in exosomes: a novel biomarker in cancer detection显示文摘 | Basant Kumar Thakur Haiying Zhang Annette Becker Irina Matei Yujie Huang Bruno Costa-Silva Yan Zheng Ayuko Hoshino Helene Brazier Jenny Xiang Caitlin Williams Ruth Rodriguez-Barrueco Jose M Silva Weijia Zhang Stephen Hearn Olivier Elemento Navid Paknejad Katia Manova-Todorova Karl Welte Jacqueline Bromberg Hector Peinado David Lyden | 2014 | Cell Research2014，24，6： | 98 |
| 3 | 新媒体联盟地平线报告:2017图书馆版显示文摘[目的/意义]探讨关键趋势、重要挑战和技术发展对图书馆的学习、创新探索及信息管理的战略、业务和服务方面产生的影响,为图书馆员、图书馆馆长、图书馆工作人员、政策制定者和技术人员提供参考和技术规划指南。[方法/过程]由来自5大洲14个国家的教育和技术专家组成专家纽,通过系统查阅与新技术有关的相关文献、讨论其应用、头脑风暴聚焦报告的核心内容,最后基于改良的德尔菲法最终确定纳入报告的内容。[结果/结论]提出6项关键趋势、6项重要挑战以及6项技术的重要发展,主要包括:图书馆仍然是丰富信息和知识的守门人,将新媒体和技术纳入战略规划是至关重要的,图书馆必须适应与紧跟数据存储和发布,学术记录与出版物的格式的发展演变,开放获取是图书馆应对财政拮据问题的一个潜在解决办法,图书馆必须平衡其作为独立学习和合作场所的空间职能,数字学术技术支持图书馆界研究领域不断演变,人工智能和物联网将扩大图书馆服务的效用和边界,等. | S.Adams Becker M.Cummins A.Davis A.Freeman C.Giesinger Hall V.Ananthanarayanan K.Langley N.Wolfson 赵艳 魏蕊 高春玲 王丹丹 杨志刚 | 2018 | 图书情报工作2018，62，3： | 67 |
| 4 | Homing and migration of mesenchymal stromal cells: How to improve the efficacy of cell therapy?显示文摘Mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs) are currently being investigated for use in a wide variety of clinical applications. For most of these applications, systemic delivery of the cells is preferred. However, this requires the homing and migration of MSCs to a target tissue. Although MSC hominghas been described, this process does not appear to be highly efficacious because only a few cells reach the target tissue and remain there after systemic administration. This has been ascribed to low expression levels of homing molecules, the loss of expression of such molecules during expansion, and the heterogeneity of MSCs in cultures and MSC culture protocols. To overcome these limitations, different methods to improve the homing capacity of MSCs have been examined. Here, we review the current understanding of MSC homing, with a particular focus on homing to bone marrow. In addition, we summarize the strategies that have been developed to improve this process. A better understanding of MSC biology, MSC migration and homing mechanisms will allow us to prepare MSCs with optimal homing capacities. The efficacy of therapeutic applications is dependent on efficient delivery of the cells and can, therefore, only benefit from better insights into the homing mechanisms. | Ann De Becker Ivan Van Riet | 2016 | World Journal of Stem Cells2016，8，3： | 37 |
| 5 | Combined TACE and PEI for palliative treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘瞄准:估计是否 transarterial chemoembolization 的联合的有效性(不作声) 并且在 unresectable 肝细胞癌(HCC ) 的治疗的经皮的乙醇注射(PEI ) 是优异的独自不作声使随机化的控制试用是 performed.METHODS:长期的幸存率和住院的持续时间上的联合治疗的效果在 52 以前未经治疗的 HCC 被评估,随机分配了到 TACE-PEI (27 磅) 或独自不作声(25 磅) 。结果:TACE 组的累积幸存率在 6 瞬间是 75.8% , 62.9% 在 12 瞬间,并且 18.0% 分别地在 24 瞬间并且 TACE-PEI 组织 76.9% , 61.5% ,和 38.7% 。在两个组的全面幸存的比较统计上不出现了有效差量。关于有 HCC 的病人, Okuda 上演我(n = 26 ) , TACE-PEI 组的中部的幸存显著地更长(>24 瞬间,还没在学习时期到达的 median ) 与 TACE 组相比(18.4 瞬间[范围 11.6-21.7 瞬间] ;P = 0.04 ) 。TACE-PEI 为死亡把相对风险归结为 0.4 (95%CI 0.15-0.96 ) 独自与接待了的病人相比不作声。在有 HCC Okuda 阶段 II 或 III 的病人的中部的幸存是在 TACE 组的 5.0 瞬间(1.7 瞬间不定义) 与 10.4 相比,在 TACE-PEI 的瞬间组织。结论:联合 TACE-PEI 改进了生存时间与相比独自不作声。我们的学习在 HCC Okuda 舞台揭示了统计上重要的改进幸存我。副作用是次要的,联合治疗没更加延长住院的持续时间。 | Gerhild Becker Tarik Soezgen Manfred Olschewski Joerg Laubenberger Hubert Erich Blum Hans-Peter Allgaier | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，39： | 32 |
| 6 | Predictive value of Ki67 and p53 in locally advanced rectal cancer:Correlation with thymidylate synthase and histopathological tumor regression after neoadjuvant 5-FU-based chemoradiotherapy显示文摘AIM: To investigate the predictive value of Ki67 and p53 and their correlation with thymidylate synthase (TS) gene expression in a rectal cancer patient cohort treated according to a standardized recommended neoadjuvant treatment regimen.METHODS: Formalin fixed, paraffin embedded pre-therapeutical tumor biopsies (n = 22) and post-therapeutical resection specimens (n = 40) from patients with rectal adenocarcinoma (clinical UICC stage Ⅱ/Ⅲ) receiving standardized neoadjuvant 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) based chemoradiotherapy were studied for Ki67 and p53 expression by immunohistochemistry and correlated with TS mRNA expression by quantitative TaqMan real-time PCR after laser microdissection. The results were compared with histopathological tumor regression according to a standardized semiquantitative score grading system.RESULTS: Responders (patients with high tumor regression) showed a significantly lower Ki67 expression than non-responders in the pre-therapeutical tumor biopsies (81.2% vs 16.7%; P < 0.05) as well as in the post-therapeutical resection specimens (75.8% vs 14.3%; P < 0.01). High TS mRNA expression was significantly correlated with a high Ki67 index and low TS mRNA expression was significantly correlated with a low Ki67 index in the pre-therapeutical tumor biopsies (corr. coef. = 0.46; P < 0.01) as well as in the post-therapeutical resection specimens (corr. coef. = 0.40; P < 0.05). No significant association was found between p53 and TS mRNA expression or tumor regression.CONCLUSION: Ki67 has, like TS, predictive value in rectal cancer patients after neoadjuvant 5-FU based chemoradiotherapy. The close correlation between Ki67 and TS indicates that TS is involved in active cell cycle processes. | Christiane Jakob Torsten Liersch Wolfdietrich Meyer Heinz Becker Gustavo B Baretton Daniela E Aust | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，7： | 29 |
| 7 | Antioxidants,inflammation and cardiovascular disease显示文摘Multiple factors are involved in the etiology of cardiovascular disease(CVD). Pathological changes occur in a variety of cell types long before symptoms become apparent and diagnosis is made. Dysregulation of physiological functions are associated with the activation of immune cells,leading to local and finally systemic inflammation that is characterized by production of high levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS). Patients suffering from inflammatory diseases often present with diminished levels of antioxidants either due to insufficient dietary intake or,and even more likely,due to increased demand in situations of overwhelming ROS production by activated immune effector cells like macrophages. Antioxidants are suggested to beneficially interfere with diseases-related oxidative stress,however the interplay of endogenous and exogenous antioxidants with the overall redox system is complex. Moreover,molecular mechanisms underlying oxidative stress in CVD are not fully elucidated. Metabolic dybalances are suggested to play a major role in disease onset and progression. Several central signalingpathways involved in the regulation of immunological,metabolic and endothelial function are regulated in a redox-sensitive manner. During cellular immune response,interferon γ-dependent pathways are activated such as tryptophan breakdown by the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase(IDO) in monocyte-derived macrophages,fibroblasts,endothelial and epithelial cells. Neopterin,a marker of oxidative stress and immune activation is produced by GTP-cyclohydrolase Ⅰ in macrophages and dendritic cells. Nitric oxide synthase(NOS) is induced in several cell types to generate nitric oxide(NO). NO,despite its low reactivity,is a potent antioxidant involved in the regulation of the vasomotor tone and of immunomodulatory signaling pathways. NO inhibits the expression and function of IDO. Function of NOS requires the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin(BH4),which is produced in humans primarily by fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Highly toxic peroxynitrite(ONOO-) is formed solely in the presence of superoxide anion(O2-). Neopterin and kynurenine to tryptophan ratio(Kyn/Trp),as an estimate of IDO enzyme activity,are robust markers of immune activation in vitro and in vivo. Both these diagnostic parameters are able to predict cardiovascular and overall mortality in patients at risk. Likewise,a significant association exists between increase of neopterin concentrations and Kyn/Trp ratio values and the lowering of plasma levels of vitamin-C,-E and-B. Vitamin-B deficiency is usually accompanied by increased plasma homoycsteine. Additional determination of NO metabolites,BH4 and plasma antioxidants in patients with CVD and related clinical settings can be helpful to improve the understanding of redox-regulation in health and disease and might provide a rationale for potential antioxidant therapies in CVD. | Harald Mangge Kathrin Becker Dietmar Fuchs Johanna M Gostner | 2014 | World Journal of Cardiology2014，6，6： | 25 |
| 8 | 2013地平线报告高等教育版(上)显示文摘美国新媒体联盟地平线报告系列是一项鉴别和描述未来五年内对全球教育产生巨大影响的新兴技术的综合性研究,旨在帮助教育领导者、政策制订者和教师们理解新兴技术,以及技术对教学和研究产生的潜在影响。自2004年以来地平线报告每年发布一次,均在全球范围内引起反响。2013地平线报告高等教育版于今年2月发布,该报告立足高等教育机构的现状,以全球化视角展望2013-2018未来五年间的技术发展和应用前景,包括大规模开放在线课程、平板电脑、游戏与游戏化、学习分析、3D打印、可穿戴技术等六项新兴技术,并概括了影响高等教育发展的六大趋势和高等教育面临的六大挑战。 | (美)NMC地平线项目 龚志武 吴迪 陈阳键 苏宏 王寒冰 Johnson L. Adams Becker S. Cummins M. Estrada V. Freeman A. Ludgate H. | 2013 | 广州广播电视大学学报2013，13，2： | 24 |
| 9 | 卒中后疲劳:新出现的证据与管理方法美国心脏协会对医疗卫生专业人员发布的科学声明显示文摘至少半数卒中存活者会经历疲劳;因此,卒中后疲劳是引起患者、看护者和临床医生顾虑的一个常见原因。本科学声明根据围绕卒中后疲劳的发病率、患病率、生活质量和复杂发病机制新出现的证据提供了国际性观点。文章对药物和非药物治疗干预的证据,以及卒中后疲劳对卒中存活者和看护者的影响进行了回顾。 | Janice L. Hinkle Kyra J. Becker Jong S. Kim Smi Choi-Kwon Karen L. Saban Norma McNair Gillian E. Mead 李力 王惠娟 苗江永 祝春华 陈荣 徐珊 张祥建 | 2017 | 国际脑血管病杂志2017，25，10： | 24 |
| 10 | Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Risk factors, screening, and early detection显示文摘Pancreatic cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States, with over 38000 deaths in 2013. The opportunity to detect pancreatic cancer while it is still curable is dependent on our ability to identify and screen high-risk populations before their symptoms arise. Risk factors for developing pancreatic cancer include multiple genetic syndromes as well as modifiable risk factors. Genetic conditions include hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome, Lynch Syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis, Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome, familial atypical multiple mole melanoma syndrome, hereditary pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, and ataxia-telangiectasia; having a genetic predisposition can raise the risk of developing pancreatic cancer up to 132-fold over the general population. Modifiable risk factors, which include tobacco exposure, alcohol use, chronic pancreatitis, diet, obesity, diabetes mellitus, as well as certain abdominal surgeries and infections, have also been shown to increase the risk of pancreatic cancer development. Several largevolume centers have initiated such screening protocols, and consensus-based guidelines for screening high-riskgroups have recently been published. The focus of this review will be both the genetic and modifiable risk factors implicated in pancreatic cancer, as well as a review of screening strategies and their diagnostic yields. | Andrew E Becker Yasmin G Hernandez Harold Frucht Aimee L Lucas | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，32： | 24 |
| 11 | 新媒体联盟2016地平线报告高等教育版显示文摘《2016地平线报告高等教育版》沿用以往讨论趋势和挑战的三元维度展开,即政策,领导力和实践,确定了18项未来五年极有可能影响高等教育变革的关键趋势、重大挑战和重要的技术进展。关键趋势中,长期趋势包括:推进创新文化、反思高校运作;中期趋势包括:学习空间的重构、转向深度学习;近期趋势包括:对测量学习持续关注、混合学习设计的广泛应用。就制约高等教育领域技术应用的挑战而言,正式与非正式学习的融合、数字素养的提升被认为是可解决的挑战,教育模式的竞争、个性化学习是艰巨的挑战,而平衡线上和线下生活、保持教育的切合性则是棘手的挑战。未来1-5年内,自带设备、学习分析和自适应学习、增强现实和虚拟现实、创客空间、情感计算、机器人技术将对高等教育产生重要影响。 | NMC地平线项目 苏宏 陈阳键 吴迪 龚志武 项荣健 Johnson L. Adams Becker S. Cummins M. Estrada V. Freeman A. Hall C. | 2016 | 广州广播电视大学学报2016，16，2： | 23 |
| 12 | 局灶节段透明变性及硬化在判断IgA肾病预后中的意义显示文摘目的 探讨IgA肾病 (IgAN)进展为慢性肾功能不全 (CRI)的病理学危险因素。方法 对 6 40例经肾活检确诊的IgAN病人进行平均 5 3个月的追踪观察。用病例对照法研究所有病人的病理学资料 ,同时还对其中 2 0 4例活检当时肾功能正常 ,5年后发展为CRI或终末期肾功能衰竭(ESRF) (n =18)以及 5年后肾功能仍保持正常 (n =186 )的病例进行了比较。结果 弥漫性系膜增生型 (DMP)为最常见的病理型 ,占 5 0 %。 / 间质纤维化 ,>40 %硬化肾小球 , / 血管病变 ,局灶节段透明变性及硬化 (FSHS)的均为预测肾功能恶化的危险因素 ,其中FSHS的意义更大 (P <0 0 0 0 1)。结论 FSHS的存在是IgAN病人正常肾功能进展恶化的显著指标。 | 严海东 Packham D Kincaid Smith P Becker G 周希静 | 1999 | 中华肾脏病杂志1999，15，5： | 20 |
| 13 | Role of receptor tyrosine kinases in gastric cancer: New targets for a selective therapy显示文摘受体酷氨酸家族 ases (RTK ) 象表皮的生长因素受体家庭那样包括增长和变形传播参予肿瘤形成的几步。几已知的 RTK 起来在是主要的胃的癌症调整了定制的治疗的目标。仅仅初步的数据然而,在使用上存在当前临床上可得到的药象在胃的癌症的背景的 trastuzumab, cetuximab, bevacizumab, gefitinib, erlotinib,和 imatinib 那样。现出症状之前的潜的数据建议他们的使用的一个潜在的好处,特别在有“常规”的抑制细胞的联合治疗。这评论象新途径和药一样在癌症治疗关于他们的使用总结当前的知识优化治疗成功。 | JC Becker C Müller-Tidow H Serve W Domschke T Pohle | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，21： | 19 |
| 14 | 2018年急性缺血性卒中患者早期管理指南美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会为医疗专业人员制定的指南显示文摘背景和目的本指南旨在在单个文件中为治疗成年急性动脉性缺血性卒中患者的临床医生提供最新全面的系列推荐意见。目标读者为院前急救人员、医生、综合医疗保健人员和医院管理人员。本指南将取代2013年版指南及其后续更新。方法写作组成员由美国心脏协会卒中委员会的科学声明监督委员任命,代表各领域的医学专家。严格遵循美国心脏协会的利益冲突原则。不允许写作组成员对存在企业利益关系的相关议题进行讨论或投票。所有推荐意见必须得到写作组成员的一致通过,除非企业利益关系妨碍了成员投票。由4名同行评议专家以及卒中委员会的科学声明监督委员会和领导委员会成员对指南草案进行发布前评审。本指南采用了美国心脏病学学会/美国心脏协会2015年推荐意见分类和证据级别标准以及新版美国心脏协会指南格式。结果本指南详细介绍了院前医疗、紧急和急诊评估、静脉和血管内治疗以及院内管理,包括在发病后最初2周内启用的二级预防措施。本指南支持院前和院内卒中医疗系统的一体化概念。结论本指南基于目前可获得的最佳证据。然而,许多情况资料有限,迫切需要对急性缺血性卒中的治疗进行持续研究。 | William J. Powers Alejandro A. Rabinstein Teri Ackerson Opeolu M. Adeoye Nicholas C. Bambakidis Kyra Becker José Biller Michael Brown Bart M. Demaerschalk Brian Hoh Edward C. Jauch Chelsea S. Kidwell Thabele M. Leslie-Mazwi Bruce Ovbiagele Phillip A. Scott Kevin N. Sheth Andrew M. Southerland Deborah V. Summers David L. Tirschwell 徐加平 刘慧慧 张霞 石际俊 黄志超 尤寿江 郭志良 肖国栋 杜万良 曹勇军 | 2018 | 国际脑血管病杂志2018，26，2： | 19 |
| 15 | 乳房再造和胸壁修复同时应用血管化的淋巴移植修复治疗乳腺癌术后上肢淋巴水肿显示文摘目的探讨腹部皮瓣携带血管化淋巴游离移植的要点,评价乳腺癌术后胸壁修复、乳房再造同时行淋巴移植治疗上肢淋巴水肿的手术效果。方法对2008年1月至2011年3月收治的10例乳腺癌术后上肢淋巴水肿的患者进行回顾性分析。所有患者均为单侧上肢淋巴水肿。在乳腺癌术后行胸壁修复、乳房再造的同时采用腹部皮瓣携带血管化淋巴游离移植治疗上肢淋巴水肿。结果所有患者的皮瓣成活良好,1例患者出现了胸壁切口延迟愈合。所有患者均自觉患肢疼痛及肿胀程度缓解。结论应用腹部皮瓣携带血管化淋巴游离移植行乳腺癌术后胸壁修复、乳房再造的同时治疗上肢淋巴水肿,术后配合弹力绷带等辅助治疗,是对乳腺癌术后乳房形态及上肢功能双重修复的有效方法。 | 穆兰花 张寒 陈茹 辛敏强 栾杰 穆大力 刘春军 吉恺 扈杰杰 孙晶晶 宣立学 荣永婴 郑立平 汤鹏 钟晓捷 吴煌福 邹天宁 杨庄青 Corrine Becker | 2013 | 临床肿瘤学杂志2013，18，1： | 18 |
| 16 | 2019年急性缺血性卒中患者早期管理指南:针对2018年急性缺血性卒中早期管理指南的更新美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会为医疗专业人员制定的指南显示文摘背景和目的本指南旨在在单个文件中为治疗急性动脉性缺血性卒中患者的临床医生提供最新的全面系列推荐意见。目标读者为院前急救人员、医生、综合医疗保健人员以及医院管理人员。本指南将取代2013年版急性缺血性卒中(acute ischemic stroke,AIS)指南,同时也是对2018年版AIS指南的更新。方法写作组成员由美国心脏协会(American Heart Association,AHA)卒中委员会的科学声明监督委员会任命,代表各领域的医学专家。写作组成员不得对存在企业利益关系的相关议题进行讨论或投票。对2013年版AIS指南的更新最初于2018年1月发表,该版指南已经过AHA科学咨询与协调委员会以及AHA执行委员会批准。2018年4月,在删除部分推荐意见后,该指南的修订版在AHA网站上在线发表。要求写作组审查原始文件并在必要时进行修订。2018年6月,写作组提交了一份经过细微更改并纳入新近发表的重要随机对照试验(受试者数量>100名且具有AIS发病后至少90 d的临床转归)的文件。经过14位专家进行同行评议后,写作组根据同行评议专家的意见进行了适当修改。目前的最终文件已经过写作组全体成员(除非企业利益关系妨碍了成员投票)以及AHA管理机构批准。本指南采用了美国心脏病学学会/AHA 2015年推荐意见分类和证据级别标准以及新版AHA指南格式。结果本指南详细介绍了院前医疗、紧急和急诊评估、静脉和血管内治疗以及院内管理,包括在发病后最初2周内启用的二级预防措施。本指南支持院前和院内卒中医疗系统的一体化概念。结论本指南基于现有证据提供了总体推荐意见,用于指导治疗成年急性动脉性缺血性卒中患者的临床医生。然而,许多情况资料有限,迫切需要对AIS的治疗进行持续研究。 | William J.Powers Alejandro A.Rabinstein Teri Ackerson Opeolu M.Adeoye Nicholas C.Bambakidis Kyra Becker Jose Biller Michael Brown Bart M.Demaerschalk Brian Hoh Edward C.Jauch Chelsea S.Kidwell Thabele M.Leslie-Mazwi Bruce Ovbiagele Phillip A.Scott Kevin N.Sheth Andrew M.Southerl Deborah V.Summers Tirschwell 徐加平(译) 庄圣(译) 郭志良(译) 黄志超(译) 尤寿江(译) 刘慧慧(译) 张霞(译) 石际俊(译) 肖国栋(译) 曹勇军(译) 刘春风(译) | 2020 | 国际脑血管病杂志2020，28，1： | 18 |
| 17 | 地表受光面和阴影温差的潜在信息及遥感土壤水分的新途径显示文摘在可见光和近红外遥感中,地物阴影通常认为是提取信息的噪声或干扰.而 在热红外遥感中,发现地物光照面和阴影的信息差是提取热量平衡参数的重要信息源. 通过实践,建立了以地物光照面和阴影的表面温度差为基础的土壤水分含量的遥感模 型,为利用多角度信息提取遥感土壤水分开辟了新的途径.在中国科学院禹城综合试 验站遥感试验场开展了模型论证试验.试验资料很好地支持了模型的验证.所用方法 与现有的热惯量方法和作物缺水指数方法进行了对比,分析了本方法的优越性和局限 性. | 张仁华 苏红波 李召良 孙晓敏 唐新斋 F. Becker | 2000 | 中国科学(E辑)2000，30，z1： | 15 |
| 18 | 数学教学中的开放式教学——创造一种课堂数学文化显示文摘数学教学中需要对开放式教学进行合作研究.在日本的开放式教学中,数学问题被选择是用来说明一个问题的多种解法或多个正确答案.数学教学要实现一种全新的课堂数学文化,这种教学形式的特点是:问题开放、解决问题的过程开放、构建问题开放、评价开放,使学生能自由地思考,发展学生的思维能力. | 桥本吉彦 Jerry Becker 孙连举 于卓 | 2002 | 数学教育学报2002，11，1： | 14 |
| 19 | New aspects in the pathomechanism and diagnosis of the laryngopharyngeal reflux-clinical impact of laryngeal proton pumps and pharyngeal p H metry in extraesophageal gastroesophageal reflux disease显示文摘AIM:To determine the laryngeal H+K+-ATPase and pharyngeal p H in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux(LPR)-symptoms as well as to assess the symptom scores during PPI therapy.METHODS:Endoscopy was performed to exclude neoplasia and to collect biopsies from the posterior cricoid area(immunohistochemistry and PCR analysis).Immunohistochemical staining was performed with monoclonal mouse antibodies against human H+K+-ATPase.Quantitative real-time RT-PCR for each of the H+K+-ATPase subunits was performed.The p H values were assessed in the aerosolized environment of the oropharynx(Dxp H Catheter) and compared to a subsequently applied combined p H/MII measurement.RESULTS:Twenty patients with LPR symptoms were included.In only one patient,the laryngeal H+K+-ATPase was verified by immunohistochemical staining.In another patient,real-time RT-PCR for each H+K+-ATPase subunit was positive.Fourteen out of twenty patients had pathological results in Dxp H,and 6/20 patients had pathological results in p H/MII.Four patients had pathological results in both functional tests.Nine out of twenty patients responded to PPIs.CONCLUSION:The laryngeal H+K+-ATPase can only be sporadically detected in patients with LPR symptoms and is unlikely to cause the LPR symptoms.Alternative hypotheses for the pathomechanism are needed.The role of pharyngeal p H-metry remains unclearand its use can only be recommended for patients in a research study setting. | Valentin Becker Romina Drabner Simone Graf Christoph Schlag Simon Nennstiel Anna Maria Buchberger Roland M Schmid Dieter Saur Monther Bajbouj | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，3： | 14 |
| 20 | 比较1.5T和3T全身MRI与FDGPET/CT对结直肠癌病人肿瘤复发的检出显示文摘本研究目的是比较FDGPET和1.5T或3T全身MRI(WB—MRI)对于诊断结直肠癌复发的准确性。回顾性分析24例结直肠癌可疑肿瘤复发病人,采用FDG PET/CT和并行采集的WB—MRI进行随访。行1.5Tm=14)或3T(n=10)WB—MRI检查,在4个身体平面(body levels)采用高分辨冠状T1W—TSE和STIR序列,肺部采用HASTE成像,肝脏、脑、腹部和盆部采用增强T1W-和T2W—TSE序列。作为参考标准.至少在5个月内应用影像学随访, | G.P. Schmidt A. Baur-Melnyk A. Haug S. Utzschneider C.R. Becker R. Tiling 李鹏(译) 刘筠(校) | 2009 | 国际医学放射学杂志2009，32，4： | 10 |
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