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| 1 | Global burden, distribution, and interventions for infectious diseases of poverty显示文摘Infectious diseases of poverty(IDoP)disproportionately affect the poorest population in the world and contribute to a cycle of poverty as a result of decreased productivity ensuing from long-term illness,disability,and social stigma.In 2010,the global deaths from HIV/AIDS have increased to 1.5 million and malaria mortality rose to 1.17 million.Mortality from neglected tropical diseases rose to 152,000,while tuberculosis killed 1.2 million people that same year.Substantial regional variations exist in the distribution of these diseases as they are primarily concentrated in rural areas of Sub-Saharan Africa,Asia,and Latin America,with geographic overlap and high levels of co-infection.Evidence-based interventions exist to prevent and control these diseases,however,the coverage still remains low with an emerging challenge of antimicrobial resistance.Therefore,community-based delivery platforms are increasingly being advocated to ensure sustainability and combat co-infections.Because of the high morbidity and mortality burden of these diseases,especially in resource-poor settings,it is imperative to conduct a systematic review to identify strategies to prevent and control these diseases.Therefore,we attempted to evaluate the effectiveness of one of these strategies,that is community-based delivery for the prevention and treatment of IDoP.In this paper,we describe the burden,epidemiology,and potential interventions for IDoP.In subsequent papers of this series,we describe the analytical framework and the methodology used to guide the systematic reviews,and report the findings and interpretations of our analyses of the impact of community-based strategies on individual IDoPs. | Zulfiqar A Bhutta Johannes Sommerfeld Zohra S Lassi Rehana A Salam Jai K Das | 2014 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2014，3，1： | 21 |
| 2 | 咽鼓管功能障碍定义、类型、临床表现及诊断的共识声明显示文摘1引言 英国NIHR卫生技术评估(HTA)计划发表的咽鼓管功能障碍治疗的系统回顾性研究指出,目前缺乏咽鼓管功能障碍统一的定义和诊断标准,推进这一领域研究进展的关键是针对咽鼓管功能障碍的诊断标准和重要临床结果达成共识。因此,2014年06月21日在荷兰阿姆斯特丹召开了由咽鼓管功能障碍领域的医学专家和科学家们参加的研讨会,旨在针对咽鼓管功能障碍的定义、临床表现、诊断及未来研究领域等方面达成共识。本文针对本次会议讨论结果总结如下。 | Schilder AG Bhutta MF Butler CC Holy C Levine LH Kvaerner KJ Norman G Pennings RJ Poe D Silvola JT Sudhoff H Lund VJ 翻曲腾飞 龚树生 | 2015 | 中国医学文摘(耳鼻咽喉科学)2015，30，6： | 5 |
| 3 | The conceptual framework and assessment methodology for the systematic reviews of community-based interventions for the prevention and control of infectious diseases of poverty显示文摘This paper describes the conceptual framework and the methodology used to guide the systematic reviews of community-based interventions(CBIs)for the prevention and control of infectious diseases of poverty(IDoP).We adapted the conceptual framework from the 3ie work on the‘Community-Based Intervention Packages for Preventing Maternal Morbidity and Mortality and Improving Neonatal Outcomes’to aid in the analyzing of the existing CBIs for IDoP.The conceptual framework revolves around objectives,inputs,processes,outputs,outcomes,and impacts showing the theoretical linkages between the delivery of the interventions targeting these diseases through various community delivery platforms and the consequent health impacts.We also describe the methodology undertaken to conduct the systematic reviews and the meta-analyses. | Zohra S Lassi Rehana A Salam Jai K Das Zulfiqar A Bhutta | 2014 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2014，3，1： | 5 |
| 4 | Vertical axis wind turbine – A review of various configurations and design techniques显示文摘 | Muhammad Mahmood Aslam Bhutta Nasir Hayat Ahmed Uzair Farooq Zain Ali Sh. Rehan Jamil Zahid Hussain | 2011 | Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews2011，，4： | 3 |
| 5 | Impact of community-based interventions on HIV knowledge, attitudes, and transmission显示文摘In 2012,an estimated 35.3 million people lived with HIV,while approximately two million new HIV infections were reported.Community-based interventions(CBIs)for the prevention and control of HIV allow increased access and ease availability of medical care to population at risk,or already infected with,HIV.This paper evaluates the impact of CBIs on HIV knowledge,attitudes,and transmission.We included 39 studies on educational activities,counseling sessions,home visits,mentoring,women’s groups,peer leadership,and street outreach activities in community settings that aimed to increase awareness on HIV/AIDS risk factors and ensure treatment adherence.Our review findings suggest that CBIs to increase HIV awareness and risk reduction are effective in improving knowledge,attitudes,and practice outcomes as evidenced by the increased knowledge scores for HIV/AIDS(SMD:0.66,95%CI:0.25,1.07),protected sexual encounters(RR:1.19,95%CI:1.13,1.25),condom use(SMD:0.96,95%CI:0.03,1.58),and decreased frequency of sexual intercourse(RR:0.76,95%CI:0.61,0.96).Analysis shows that CBIs did not have any significant impact on scores for self-efficacy and communication.We found very limited evidence on community-based management for HIV infected population and prevention of mother-to-child transmission(MTCT)for HIV-infected pregnant women.Qualitative synthesis suggests that establishment of community support at the onset of HIV prevention programs leads to community acceptance and engagement.School-based delivery of HIV prevention education and contraceptive distribution have also been advocated as potential strategies to target high-risk youth group.Future studies should focus on evaluating the effectiveness of community delivery platforms for prevention of MTCT,and various emerging models of care to improve morbidity and mortality outcomes. | Rehana A Salam Sarah Haroon Hashim H Ahmed Jai K Das Zulfiqar A Bhutta | 2014 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2014，3，1： | 3 |
| 6 | Impact of community-based interventions for the prevention and control of malaria on intervention coverage and health outcomes for the prevention and control of malaria显示文摘In this paper,we aim to evaluate the effectiveness of community-based interventions(CBIs)for the prevention and management of malaria.We conducted a systematic review and identified 42 studies for inclusion.Twenty-five of the included studies evaluated the impact of the community-based distribution of insecticide-treated nets(ITNs),indoor residual spraying(IRS),or impregnated bed sheets;14 studies evaluated intermittent preventive therapy(IPT)delivered in community settings;two studies focused on community-based education for malaria prevention;and one study evaluated environmental management through drain cleaning.Our analysis suggests that,overall,the community-based delivery of interventions to prevent and control malaria resulted in a significant increase in ITNs ownership(RR:2.16,95%CI:1.86,2.52)and usage(RR:1.77,95%CI:1.48,2.11).However,usage of ITNs was limited to two-thirds of the population who owned them.Community-based strategies also led to a significant decrease in parasitemia(RR:0.56,95%CI:0.42,0.74),malaria prevalence(RR:0.46,95%CI:0.29,0.73),malaria incidence(RR:0.70,95%CI:0.54,0.90),and anemia prevalence(RR:0.79,95%CI:0.64,0.97).We found a non-significant impact on splenomegaly,birth outcomes(low birth weight,prematurity,stillbirth/miscarriage),anthropometric measures(stunting,wasting,and underweight),and mortality(all-cause and malaria-specific).The subgroup analysis suggested that community-based distribution of ITNs,impregnated bed sheets and IRS,and IPT are effective strategies.Qualitative synthesis suggests that high coverage could be achieved at a lower cost with the integration of CBIs with existing antenatal care and immunization campaigns.Community-based delivery of interventions to prevent and control malaria are effective strategies to improve coverage and access and reduce malaria burden,however,efforts should also be concerted to prevent over diagnosis and drug resistance. | Rehana A Salam Jai K Das Zohra S Lassi Zulfiqar A Bhutta | 2014 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2014，3，1： | 2 |
| 7 | Tackling the existing burden of infectious diseases in the developing world: existing gaps and the way forward显示文摘This series evaluates the effectiveness of community-based interventions(CBIs)to prevent and control infectious diseases of poverty(IDoP).Evidence from our reviews suggests that CBIs and school-based delivery platforms are effective in averting risk behaviors and reducing the disease burden.Co-implementation of interventions through existing community-based programs including immunization campaigns,antenatal care and maternal and child health programs have the potential to scale-up interventions for IDoP.Future research should focus on the process of developing and implementing efficient community-based programs through a comprehensive approach,and to gauge the effectiveness of various existing delivery models in order to improve morbidity and mortality outcomes. | Zulfiqar A Bhutta Rehana A Salam Jai K Das | 2014 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2014，3，1： | 2 |
| 8 | Current concepts in the diagnosis and treatment of typhoid fever 显示文摘 | Bhutta ZA | 2006 | BMJ2006，333，7558： | 1 |
| 9 | Hospital-acquired neonatal infections in developing countries显示文摘 | Zaidi AK Huskins WC Thaver D Bhutta ZA Abbas Z Gold- mann DA | 2005 | Lancet2005，365，9465： | 1 |
| 10 | Managing severe pneumonia in children in developing countries显示文摘 | Bhutta ZA | 2008 | BMJ2008，336，7635： | 1 |
| 11 | Health professionals for a new century:transforming education to strengthen health systems in an interdependent world显示文摘 | Frenk J Chen L Bhutta ZA | 2010 | Lancet2010，376，： | 1 |
| 12 | What works? Interven tions for maternal and child undemutrition and survival显示文摘 | BHUTTA ZA AHMED T BLACK RE | | 0，，9610： | 1 |
| 13 | Chronic diarrhea and malabsorption (including short gut syndrome): Woking Group Report of the First World Congress of Pediatric Gastro- enterology, Hepatology,and Nutrition 显示文摘 | Walker-Smith J Barnard J Bhutta Z | 2002 | J Pediatr Gastroen- terol Nutr2002，35，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Benchmorking-Best Practices:an Integrated Approach Benchmarrking显示文摘 | Bhutta K S Huq F | 1996 | Benchmarking an International Journal1996，，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Genetic Studies in Some Ethnic Groups of Pakistan (Southern Punjab):Colour Blindness,Ear Lobe Attachment and Behavioural Traist显示文摘 | Mian A Bhutta Am Mushtoq R | 1994 | Anthrop Anz1994，52，： | 1 |
| 16 | What works? In-terventions for maternal and child undernutrition and sur-vival显示文摘 | Bhutta ZA Ahmed T Black RE | 2008 | Lancet2008，371，9610： | 1 |
| 17 | Effect of preventive zinc supplementation on linear growth in children under 5 years of age in developing countries:a meta-analysis of studies for input to the lives saved tool显示文摘 | Imdad A Bhutta ZA | 2011 | BMC Public Health2011，11，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Health professionals for a new century: transforming education to strengthen health systems in an interdependent world显示文摘 | Frenk J Chen L Bhutta ZA | 2011 | Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Puhlica2011，28，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Maternal and child undernutrition : global and regional exposures and health consequences显示文摘 | Black RE Allen LH Bhutta ZA | 2008 | Lancet2008，371，9608： | 1 |
| 20 | Effect of routine iron supplementation withor without folic acid on anemia during pregnancy显示文摘 | Yakoob MY Bhutta ZA | 2011 | BMC PublicHealth2011，113，： | 1 |
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