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| 1 | Diagnosis of clinical and subclinical varicocele: how has it evolved?显示文摘在这评论,我们为在一个精索静脉曲张病人的评估以 venography, scintigraphy,和 thermography 和他们的角色开始的精索静脉曲张检验各种各样的诊断形式的进化和申请。一些这些方法被不太侵略、更容易执行的诊断形式,特别超声和阴囊的 Doppler 检查取代了。在超声和磁性的回声成像的进展保持潜力在精索静脉曲张的视觉证实和描述的以外扩展成像的角色。基于成像调查结果识别阴囊的机能障碍的早指示物的能力以后可以为精索静脉曲张的管理有含意。 | Ruth E Belay Gene Omar Huang Jim Ken-Chie Shen Edmund Yuey Kun Ko | 2016 | Asian Journal of Andrology2016，18，2： | 10 |
| 2 | Smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis among diabetic patients at the Dessie referral hospital, Northeast Ethiopia显示文摘Background:Tuberculosis(TB)is an infectious disease which is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world.People with diabetes mellitus(DM)have a three times higher risk of developing active TB than people without diabetes.However,there is not enough credible information on the burden of pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB)among DM patients in Ethiopia,in general,and in the city of Dessie,in particular.Therefore,this study aims to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of smear positive PTB among diabetic patients at a referral hospital in Dessie.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2012 to April 2012.Patient demographic characteristics were collected using a pre-tested standard questionnaire format.Spot-morning-spot sputum specimens were collected from the study participants and examined for acid-fast bacilli using direct microscopy by the Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique.Data was entered and analyzed using the SPSS version 16 statistical software and p-value<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results:Out of 225 TB suspected diabetic patients,52%were males and 48%were females.Their ages ranged from 12 to 82 years,with a mean age of 47.2 years.Urban residence(AOR:5.5;95%CI:1.07-28.20),history of TB(AOR:13.4;95%CI:2.74-65.73),contact with TB patients in the family(AOR:9.4;95%CI:1.822-48.50),and long duration of DM(AOR:8.89;95%CI:1.88-58.12)were independently associated with the development of active TB in people living with DM.Conclusions:The prevalence of smear positive PTB was 6.2%in TB suspected diabetic patients,which is higher compared with the general population(0.39%).Patients with a previous history of contact with TB patients,as well as those who had prolonged diabetes,were more prone to have PTB.Therefore,screening of diabetic patients for PTB infection during follow-up is necessary. | Hiwot Amare Aschalew Gelaw Belay Anagaw Baye Gelaw | 2013 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2013，2，1： | 7 |
| 3 | Determinants of neonatal jaundice in Ethiopia:a systematic review and meta-analysis显示文摘Background Neonatal jaundice is a common condition characterized by a yellowish discoloration of the skin,conjunctiva,and sclera caused by elevated serum or plasma bilirubin levels during the newborn period.The condition is usually not dangerous,but it can progress to severe hyperbilirubinemia,which can lead to acute bilirubin encephalopathy and kernicterus,a bilirubin-induced neurological damage.Therefore,this study aimed to assess the pooled prevalence of neonatal jaundice and its determinants in Ethiopia.Methods Scopus,PubMed,Google Scholar,Embase,and CINAHL databases were searched for studies published between January 1,2010 and July 30,2021.A weighted DerSimonian Laird random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of neonatal jaundice and its associated factors.The I2 was used to calculate the degree of heterogeneity.The funnel plot and Egger's regression test were used to assess publication bias.Results Totally 697 articles were generated from various databases,and the review included a total of eight articles.The pooled prevalence of neonatal jaundice was 30.96%[95%confidence interval(CI)16.61%–45.31%)]in Ethiopia.This review showed that prolonged labor[adjusted odd ratio(AOR)=3.39;95%CI 2.41–4.77),low birth weight(AOR=5.12;95%CI 3.11–8.72),birth asphyxia(AOR=3.75;95%CI 2.11–6.66),cephalohematoma(AOR=7.07;95%CI 2.72–18.38),ABO incompatibility(AOR=6.05;95%CI 2.95–12.42),Rhesus(RH)incompatibility(AOR=3.77;95%CI 2.04–6.96),male sex(AOR=4.53;95%CI 3.39–6.07),and neonatal sepsis(AOR=2.47;95%CI 1.49–4.08)were identified as a determining factor for neonatal jaundice in Ethiopia.Conclusions In low-and middle-income countries,neonatal jaundice is a significant healthcare burden,accounting for a significant portion of global childhood mortality and morbidity.However,some low-cost,effective,practical,and dependable solutions have been implemented.Prolonged labor,ABO incompatibility,RH incompatibility,birth asphyxia,neonatal sepsis,low birth weight,cephalohematoma,and male sex were identified as risk factors for neonatal jaundice in Ethiopia. | Habtamu Gebrehana Belay Getachew Arage Debebe Alemu Degu Ayele Bekalu Getnet Kassa Gedefaye Nibret Mihretie Mulugeta Dile Worke | 2022 | World Journal of Pediatrics2022，18，11： | 3 |
| 4 | Comprehensive review and performance evaluation of maximum power point tracking algorithms for photovoltaic system显示文摘A photovoltaic array is environmentally friendly and a source of unlimited energy generation.However,it is presently a costlier energy generation system than other non-renewable energy sources.The main reasons are seasonal variations and continuously changing weather conditions,which affect the amount of solar energy received by the solar panels.In addition,the non-linear characteristics of the voltage and current outputs along with the operating environment temperature and variation in the solar radiation decrease the energy conversion capability of the photovoltaic arrays.To address this problem,the global maxima of the PV arrays can be tracked using a maximum power point tracking algorithm(MPPT)and the operating point of the photovoltaic system can be forced to its optimum value.This technique increases the efficiency of the photovoltaic array and minimizes the cost of the system by reducing the number of solar modules required to obtain the desired power.However,the tracking algorithms are not equally effective in all areas of application.Therefore,selecting the correct MPPT is very critical.This paper presents a detailed review and comparison of the MPPT techniques for photovoltaic systems,with consideration of the following key parameters:photovoltaic array dependence,type of system(analog or digital),need for periodic tuning,convergence speed,complexity of the system,global maxima,implemented capacity,and sensed parameter(s).In addition,based on real meteorological data(irradiance and temperature at a site located in Addis Ababa,Ethiopia),a simulation is performed to evaluate the performance of tracking algorithms suitable for the application being studied.Finally,the study clearly validates the considerable energy saving achieved by using these algorithms. | Asegid Belay Kebede Getachew Biru Worku | 2020 | Global Energy Interconnection2020，3，4： | 3 |
| 5 | Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae over 6 years at Gondar University Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia显示文摘Objective:To assess the magnitude and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeisolates from various clinical specimens.Methods:A record based on retrospectivestudy was conducted at Gondar University Teaching Hospital from September 2007 to January 2012.All patients who visited Gondar University Hospital and provided clinical specimens(body fluids,discharge,swab and blood)for routine bacteriological culturing and antimicrobial susceptibilitytesting were taken for analysis.Clinical specimens were processed for bacterial culture accordingto the standard procedures.Antimicrobial susceptibility test for isolated organisms was doneusing agar disk diffusion method.The data were entered and analyzed using SPSS software version16 package.Results:One hundred and fifty threeStreptococcus pneumoniaewere isolated frompatients who visited Gondar University Teaching Hospital bacteriology laboratory for culture.Majority of the pneumococcal isolates were from inpatients[111(72.5%)],and 74(48.4%)were frombody fluids.Out of the total isolates,93(61%)were found to be resistant to at least one antibioticused for susceptibility testing.Forty eight(43.2%)of the isolates were multi-drug resistant(resistantto two or more drugs).The resistance rate noted for both ciprofloxacin 17(11.1%)and ceftriaxone15(9.8%)were alarming.Conclusions:High proportions of the isolates tend to be increasinglyresistant to the commonly prescribed drugs.The recommended drug of choice like ciprofloxacinand ceftriaxone were found to be less susceptible in the study area.Based on the findings,wetherefore recommend that antimicrobial agents should be inspected for acceptable activity beforethey are prescribed and administered empirically.Further study with a better design and surveyof antimicrobial susceptibility at large scale shoule be performed to draw advanced information. | Belay Anagaw Mucheye Gezachew Fantahun Biadgelgene Berhanu Anagaw Tariku Geleshe Birke Taddese Birhanu Getie Mengistu Endris Andargachew Mulu Chandrashekhar Unakal | 2013 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2013，3，7： | 3 |
| 6 | SWOT Analysis and Challenges of Nile Basin Initiative:An Integrated Water Resource Management Perspective显示文摘River Nile is one of the longest transboundery rivers and it is shared and used by Burundi,Democratic Republic of Congo,Egypt,Ethiopia,Eritrea,Kenya,Rwanda,Sudan,Tanzania and Uganda.As of today,the Nile is a crucial resource for the economic development of the Nile Basin countries and a vital source of livelihood for 160 million inhabitants as well as 300 million people living in the 10 riparian countries.The Nile Basin Initiative(NBI) is one of the international cooperative river basin management program and regional partnership where all the Nile Basin countries except Eritrea unite to pursue long-term sustainable development,improved land use practices and management.This review therefore focused on the challenges not faced on NBI in terms of integrated use of the river and conducted analysis of strengths,weaknesses,opportunities and threats(SWOT) based on secondary data.The result of the review revealed that for decades,the Nile Basin people have been facing many complex environmental,social,economic and political challenges that have made it difficult for the proper management and sustainability of Nile water.The initiative provides training to develop skills in government ministries,non-governmental organizations and local communities in each country.It is also working to raise awareness of critical environmental issues by strengthening networks of environmental education practitioners;developing curriculum in the education sector.The challenges of NBI include the involvement and funding of World Bank,lack of sufficient staff,procedural and policies conflicts,lack of coordination and linkage with other regional institutions and lack of recognition as river basin organization.Considering the complex nature of the project,it is recommended that the NBI should come up with a strong multi-disciplinary monitoring and evaluation team to follow up all implemented projects.The NBI should carry out participatory land use planning in communities along the river basin.Moreover,livelihood analysis should be carried out especially in communities along the Nile to come up with poverty eradication projects which are socially acceptable,applicable,economically viable and affordable. | Alebel Abebe Belay Henry Musoke Semakula George James Wambura Labohy Jan | 2010 | Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment2010，8，1： | 3 |
| 7 | Review of sheep and goat pox disease: current updates on epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention and control measures in Ethiopia显示文摘Sheep pox, goat pox, and lumpy skin diseases are economically significant and contagious viral diseases of sheep, goats and cattle, respectively, caused by the genus Capripoxvirus (CaPV) of the family Poxviridae. Currently, CaPV infection of small ruminants (sheep and goats) has been distributed widely and are prevalent in Central Africa, the Middle East, Europe and Asia. This disease poses challenges to food production and distribution, affecting rural livelihoods in most African countries, including Ethiopia. Transmission occurs mainly by direct or indirect contact with infected animals. They cause high morbidity (75-100% in endemic areas) and mortality (10-85%). Additionally, the mortality rate can approach 100% in susceptible animals. Diagnosis largely relies on clinical symptoms, confirmed by laboratory testing using real-time PCR, electron microscopy, virus isolation, serology and histology. Control and eradication of sheep pox virus (SPPV), goat pox virus (GTPV), and lumpy skin disease (LSDV) depend on timely recognition of disease eruption, vector control, and movement restriction. To date, attenuated vaccines originating from KSGPV O-180 strains are effective and widely used in Ethiopia to control CaPV throughout the country. This vaccine strain is clinically safe to control CaPV in small ruminants but not in cattle which may be associated with insufficient vaccination coverage and the production of low-quality vaccines. | Girma Zewdie Getaw Derese Belayneh Getachew Hassen Belay Mirtneh Akalu | 2021 | Animal Diseases2021，1，4： | 2 |
| 8 | Farmers’perception of climate change and adaptation strategies in the Dabus watershed,North-West Ethiopia显示文摘Introduction:This study is aimed at analyzing farmers’perception and adaptation to climate change in the Dabus watershed.It is based on analysis of data collected from 734 randomly selected farm household heads substantiated with Focus Group Discussions and field observations.Methods:The study employed descriptive methods to assess farmers’perception of climate change,local indicators of climate change and types of adaptation measures exercised to cope up with the risk of the change in climate.The study also employed the Heckman sample selection model to analyze the two-step process of adaptation to climate change which initially requires farmers’perception that climate is changing prior to responding to the changes through adaptation measures.Results:Based on the model result educational attainment,the age of the head of the household,the number of crop failures in the past,changes in temperature and precipitation significantly influenced farmers’perception of climate change in wet lowland parts of the study area.In dry lowland condition,farming experience,climate information,duration of food shortage,and the number of crop failures experienced determined farmers’perception of climate change.Farmers’adaptation decision in both the wet and dry lowland conditions is influenced by household size,the gender of household head,cultivated land size,education,farm experience,non-farm income,income from livestock,climate information,extension advice,farm-home distance and number of parcels.However,the direction of influence and significance level of most of the explanatory variables vary between the two parts of the study area.Conclusions:In line with the results,any intervention that promotes the use of adaptation measures to climate change may account for location-specific factors that determine farmers'perception of climate change and adaptive responses thereof. | Paulos Asrat Belay Simane | 2018 | Ecological Processes2018，7，1： | 2 |
| 9 | 美国自由贸易区和贸易协定平价显示文摘美国的自由贸易区通常是指设在入境海关口岸或其附近地区、在法律上处于美国关境外的特殊区域。设立自由贸易区的初衷是,通过对货物的免税或免配额进口来促进对外贸易。若货物在该区域内存储或加工后复出口,则无需向美国海关缴纳关税。但是,若货物从自由贸易区进口到美国国内,则进口商需就成品或成品中的外国部件缴纳税款。 | Belay Seyoum Juan Ramirez 徐伟(翻译) | 2012 | 中国海关2012，，6： | 2 |
| 10 | Vulnerability analysis of smallholder farmers to climate variability and change: an agroecological system-based approach in the Fincha’a sub-basin of the upper Blue Nile Basin of Ethiopia显示文摘Background:Ethiopia is frequently cited as a country that is highly vulnerable to climate variability and change.The country’s high vulnerability arises mostly from climate-sensitive agricultural sector that suffers a lot from risks associated with rainfall variability.The vulnerability factors(exposure,sensitivity,and adaptive capacity)of the agricultural livelihoods to climate variability and change differ across agro-ecological systems(AESs).Therefore,the aim of this study was to analyze AES-specific vulnerability of smallholder farmers to climate variability and change in the Fincha’a sub-basin.We surveyed 380 respondents from 4 AESs(highland,midland,wetland,and lowland)randomly selected.Furthermore,focus group discussion and key informant interviews were also performed to supplement and substantiate the quantitative data.Livelihood vulnerability index was employed to analyze the levels of smallholders’agriculture vulnerability to climate variability and change.Data on socioeconomic and biophysical attribute were collected and combined into the indices and vulnerability score was calculated for each agro-ecological system.Results:Considerable variation was observed across the agro-ecological systems in profile,indicator,and the three livelihood vulnerability indices-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change dimensions(exposure,sensitivity,and adaptive capacity)of vulnerability.The lowland AES exhibited higher exposure,low adaptive capacity,and high vulnerability,while the midland AES demonstrated lower exposure,higher adaptive capacity,and lower vulnerability.The wetland and highland AESs scored intermediate results.Conclusion:Our results suggest that resilience-building adaptation strategies are vital to reduce the vulnerability of smallholder farmers.The measures taken should consider site-specific agro-ecological system requirements to reduce the vulnerability of smallholder mixed crop-livestock agriculture system.Since the approach based on the long-term realization of the community,any strategy designed based on such assessments is applicable to local condition. | Israel Tessema Belay Simane | 2019 | Ecological Processes2019，8，1： | 2 |
| 11 | Relationships among tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) landrace populations revealed by isozyme markers and agronomic traits显示文摘 | Seifu Tsegaye Tesfaye Tesemma Getachew Belay | 1996 | Theoretical and Applied Genetics1996，，4： | 2 |
| 12 | Oscillatory hyper Hilbert transforms along general curves显示文摘我们认为摆动的亢奋的 Hilbert 变换 H 是 ,, f (x)=0 f (x -(t)) e 它 -- t -(1+) dt;在哪儿(t)=(t,(t)) 在 2 是一条一般曲线。什么时候是凸的,我们给一个简单条件在上以便 H ,, 在 L 2 上被围住什么时候 > 3, > 0:作为推论,在这个条件下面,我们获得 H 的 L p -boundedness,, 什么时候 2/(2 - 3 ) p /(3 ) 。什么时候是一条一般 nonconvex 曲线,我们给一些更复杂的条件在上以便 H ,, 在 L 2 上被围住:作为一个应用程序,我们构造沿着 H 的严格地凸的曲线的一个类,, 在 L 2 上被围住仅当 > 2 > 0。 | Jiecheng CHEN Belay Mitiku DAMTEW Xiangrong ZHU | 2017 | Frontiers of Mathematics in China2017，12，2： | 2 |
| 13 | Multiple-ion-doped lithium nickel oxides as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries显示文摘 | WANG G X BELAY S YAO J | 2003 | J Power Sources2003，，： | 1 |
| 14 | A analysis of potential risk factors associated with nonresponse to initial intravenous immuno- globulin treatment among Kawasaki disease patients in Japan显示文摘 | Uehara R Belay ED Maddox RA | 2008 | Pe-diatr infect Dis J2008，27，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Measurement of caffeine in coffee beans with UV/Vis spectrometer显示文摘 | BELAY A TURE K REDI M | | 0，，01： | 1 |
| 16 | A surgical safety checklist to reduce morbidity and mortality in a global population 显示文摘 | Haynes AB Weiser TG Belay WR | 2009 | N Engl J Med2009，360，5： | 1 |
| 17 | Phenotypic diversity of tetraploid wheat Landraces from northern and north-central regions of Ethiopia显示文摘 | Bechere E Belay G Mitiku D | 1996 | Hereditas1996，124，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Umbilical arteriovenous PO2 and PCO2 differences and neonatal morbidity in term infants with severe acidosis显示文摘 | Belai Y Goodwin TM Durand M | 1998 | Am J Obstet Gynecol1998，178，11： | 1 |
| 19 | Increased susceptibility to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection under hindlimb unloading conditions显示文摘 | Aviles H Belay T Fountain K | 2003 | Appl Physiol2003，95，： | 1 |
| 20 | Chemokine and chemokine receptor dynamics during genital chlamydial infection显示文摘 | Belay T Eko FO Ananaba GA | 2002 | Infect Immun2002，70，2： | 1 |
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