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| 1 | Application research on large-scale battery energy storage system under Global Energy Interconnection framework显示文摘In the context of constructing Global Energy Interconnection(GEI), energy storage technology, as one of the important basic supporting technologies in power system, will play an important role in the energy configuration and optimization. Based on the most promising battery energy storage technology, this paper introduces the current status of the grid technology, the application of large-scale energy storage technology and the supporting role of battery energy storage for GEI. Based on several key technologies of large-scale battery energy storage system, preliminary analysis of the standard system construction of energy storage system is made, and the future prospect is put forward. | Binqi Guo Meng Niu Xiaokang Lai Liquan Chen | 2018 | Global Energy Interconnection2018，1，1： | 19 |
| 2 | Review of renewable energy-based hydrogen production processes for sustainable energy innovation显示文摘In this review,we primarily analyze the hydrogen production technologies based on water and biomass,including the economic,technological,and environmental impacts of different types of hydrogen production technologies based on these materials,and comprehensively compare them.Our analyses indicate that all renewable energy-based approaches for hydrogen production are more environmentally friendly than fossil-based hydrogen generation approaches.However,the technical ease and economic efficiency of hydrogen production from renewable sources of energy needs to be further improved in order to be applied on a large scale.Compared with other renewable energy-based methods,hydrogen production via biomass electrolysis has several advantages,including the ease of directly using raw biomass.Furthermore,its environmental impact is smaller than other approaches.Moreover,using a noble metal,catalyst-free anode for this approach can ensure a considerably low power consumption,which makes it a promising candidate for clean and efficient hydrogen production in the future. | Mengjiao Wang Guizhou Wang Zhenxin Sun Yukui Zhang Dong Xu | 2019 | Global Energy Interconnection2019，2，5： | 14 |
| 3 | Research on power electronic transformer applied in AC/DC hybrid distribution networks显示文摘The AC/DC hybrid distribution network is one of the trends in distribution network development, which poses great challenges to the traditional distribution transformer. In this paper, a new topology suitable for AC/DC hybrid distribution network is put forward according to the demands of power grid, with advantages of accepting DG and DC loads, while clearing DC fault by blocking the clamping double sub-module(CDSM) of input stage. Then, this paper shows the typical structure of AC/DC distribution network that is hand in hand. Based on the new topology, this paper designs the control and modulation strategies of each stage, where the outer loop controller of input stage is emphasized for its twocontrol mode. At last, the rationality of new topology and the validity of control strategies are verified by the steady and dynamic state simulation. At the same time, the simulation results highlight the role of PET in energy regulation. | Yiqun Miao Jieying Song Haijun Liu Zhengang Lu Shufan Chen Chun Ding Tianzhi Cao Linhai Cai Yuzhong Gong | 2018 | Global Energy Interconnection2018，1，3： | 14 |
| 4 | Design scheme for fast charging station for electric vehicles with distributed photovoltaic power generation显示文摘The demand for fast charging is increasing owing to the rapid expansion of the market for electric vehicles. In addition, the power generation technology for distributed photovoltaic has matured. This paper presents a design scheme for a fast charging station for electric vehicles equipped with distributed photovoltaic power generation system taking the area with certain conditions in Beijing as an example construction site. The technical indexes and equipment lectotype covering the general framework and subsystems of the charging station are determined by analyzing the charging service demand of fast charging stations. In this study, the layout of the station is developed and the operation benefits of the station is analyzed. The design scheme realizes the design objective of 'rationalization, modularization and intelligentization' of the fast charging station and can be used as reference for the construction of a fast charging network in urban area. | Jing Zhang Chang Liu Ruiming Yuan Taoyong Li Kang Li Bin Li Jianxiang Li Zhenyu Jiang | 2019 | Global Energy Interconnection2019，2，2： | 12 |
| 5 | Prospects for key technologies of new-type urban integrated energy system显示文摘In recent years,primary energy consumption in China’s urban areas has increased rapidly,facing the problems of extensive use of energy,high energy consumption and insufficient intensified use of energy resources.Improving multienergy supply,increasing the proportion of clean energy and integrated energy efficiency are the main goals of urban development.The integrated energy system with multi-functional synergy and open trading will become one of the new directions for the development of new urban energy systems.This paper summarizes the main problems faced by the current towns and the characteristics of the new urban energy system,analyzes the development of new urban energy system from three aspects including energy interconnection hub infrastructure construction,energy management platform construction and energy value sharing,and forecasts the future development direction of new urban energy systems. | Dan Wang Chengshan Wang Yang Lei Ziyang Zhang Niepeng Zhang | 2019 | Global Energy Interconnection2019，2，5： | 12 |
| 6 | Insights for global energy interconnection from China renewable energy development显示文摘Vigorously developing global renewable energy such as wind energy,solar energy,and hydropower and realizing global clean resource sharing are paramount driving forces for building the Global Energy Interconnection(GEI).With the help of a comparative analysis of renewable energy development and global renewable energy development scenarios,this paper expounds on the similarities between China^1 and global renewable energy development.Based on the analysis of renewable energy development and the status of global renewable energy development in China,this paper summarizes the relevant experience and problems of renewable energy development in China.According to these problems,this paper also puts forward the corresponding solutions and measures,that is,to promote the healthy and steady development of renewable energy in China through the source-network-load-storage and market coordination.Finally,by analyzing the development requirements and current foundation of GEI,insights and suggestions are proposed for the future development of renewable energy for the GEI construction. | Qili Huang | 2020 | Global Energy Interconnection2020，3，1： | 12 |
| 7 | State coordinated voltage control in an active distribution network with on-load tap changers and photovoltaic systems显示文摘Decreasing costs and favorable policies have resulted in increased penetration of solar photovoltaic(PV)power generation in distribution networks.As the PV systems penetration is likely to increase in the future,utilizing the reactive power capability of PV inverters to mitigate voltage deviations is being promoted.In recent years,droop control of inverter-based distributed energy resources has emerged as an essential tool for use in this study.The participation of PV systems in voltage regulation and its coordination with existing controllers,such as on-load tap changers,is paramount for controlling the voltage within specified limits.In this work,control strategies are presented that can be coordinated with the existing controls in a distributed manner.The effectiveness of the proposed method was demonstrated through simulation results on a distribution system. | Praveen Prakash Singh Ivo Palu | 2021 | Global Energy Interconnection2021，4，2： | 11 |
| 8 | Active injection protection scheme for flexible HVDC grids based on amplitude of input impedance显示文摘High-voltage direct current(HVDC)grids require fast and reliable protection of the DC lines.The performance of traditional protection schemes is easily impaired by the limitations of the boundary condition and nonlinearity from the control of converters.One of the key technologies for flexible HVDC grids is the half-bridge modular multilevel converter(HB-MMC).Considering the high controllability of HB-MMC,this study proposes an active injection protection scheme to improve the reliability and sensitivity of the HVDC grid protection.The HB-MMC is used to inject a sinusoidal characteristic signal,at the specified frequency,into the DC lines.Then,the voltage and current at the specified frequency are extracted using the Prony algorithm to calculate the input impedance,which is used for the identification of internal and external faults.The active injection protection scheme was simulated for various cases in the simulation software Power Systems Computer Aided Design.The simulation results indicate that the proposed protection scheme is highly reliable and can overcome transition resistance. | Jinghan He Keao Chen Meng Li Yong Tang Ming Nie | 2021 | Global Energy Interconnection2021，4，6： | 11 |
| 9 | Recent developments in HVDC transmission systems to support renewable energy integration显示文摘The demands for massive renewable energy integration, passive network power supply, and global energy interconnection have all gradually increased, posing new challenges for high voltage direct current(HVDC) power transmission systems, including more complex topology and increased diversity of bipolar HVDC transmission. This study proposes that these two factors have led to new requirements for HVDC control strategies. Moreover, due to the diverse applications of HVDC transmission technology, each station in the system has different requirements. Furthermore, the topology of the AC-DC converter is being continuously developed, revealing a trend towards hybrid converter stations. | Zhou Li Ruopei Zhan Yazhou Li Yan He Jinming Hou Xiaoling Zhao Xiao-Ping Zhang | 2018 | Global Energy Interconnection2018，1，5： | 11 |
| 10 | From interconnections of local electric power systems to Global Energy Interconnection显示文摘The interconnections of electric power systems are developed for the economic benefits and in order to increase the overall power supply reliability and quality level. Development of power industry shows the positive effects in operation of the country-wide electric power systems and international interconnections. Creation of World Energy System or, by the other words, Global Energy Interconnection is objective trend on the way of expansion of international and intercontinental electric power interconnections. Several important aspects of above mentioned problems are discussed in this paper. | Nikolai Voropai Sergei Podkovalnikov Kirill Osintsev | 2018 | Global Energy Interconnection2018，1，1： | 10 |
| 11 | Low-carbon generation expansion planning considering uncertainty of renewable energy at multi-time scales显示文摘With the development of carbon electricity,achieving a low-carbon economy has become a prevailing and inevitable trend.Improving low-carbon expansion generation planning is critical for carbon emission mitigation and a lowcarbon economy.In this paper,a two-layer low-carbon expansion generation planning approach considering the uncertainty of renewable energy at multiple time scales is proposed.First,renewable energy sequences considering the uncertainty in multiple time scales are generated based on the Copula function and the probability distribution of renewable energy.Second,a two-layer generation planning model considering carbon trading and carbon capture technology is established.Specifically,the upper layer model optimizes the investment decision considering the uncertainty at a monthly scale,and the lower layer one optimizes the scheduling considering the peak shaving at an hourly scale and the flexibility at a 15-minute scale.Finally,the results of different influence factors on low-carbon generation expansion planning are compared in a provincial power grid,which demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model. | Yuanze Mi Chunyang Liu Jinye Yang Hengxu Zhang Qiuwei Wu | 2021 | Global Energy Interconnection2021，4，3： | 9 |
| 12 | Exploring the driving factors and their mitigation potential in global energy-related CO2 emission显示文摘In order to quantify the contribution of the mitigation strategies,an extended Kaya identity has been proposed in this paper for decomposing the various factors that influence the CO2 emission.To this end,we provided a detailed decomposition of the carbon intensity and energy intensity,which enables the quantification of clean energy development and electrification.The logarithmic mean divisia index(LMDI)has been applied to the historical data to quantify the contributions of the various factors affecting the CO2 emissions.Further,the global energy interconnection(GEI)scenario has been introduced for providing a systematic solution to meet the 2℃goal of the Paris Agreement.By combining LMDI with the scenario analysis,the mitigation potential of the various factors for CO2 emission has been analyzed.Results from the historical data indicate that economic development and population growth contribute the most to the increase in CO2 emissions,whereas improvement in the power generation efficiency predominantly helps in emission reduction.A numerical analysis,performed for obtaining the projected future carbon emissions,suggests that clean energy development and electrification are the top two factors that can decrease CO2 emissions,thus showing their great potential for mitigation in the future.Moreover,the carbon capture and storage technology serves as an important supplementary mitigation method. | Zhiyuan Ma Shining Zhang Fangxin Hou Xin Tan Fengying Zhang Fang Yang Fei Guo | 2020 | Global Energy Interconnection2020，3，5： | 9 |
| 13 | A comprehensive review for wind,solar,and electrical load forecasting methods显示文摘Wind power,solar power,and electrical load forecasting are essential works to ensure the safe and stable operation of the electric power system.With the increasing permeability of new energy and the rising demand response load,the uncertainty on the production and load sides are both increased,bringing new challenges to the forecasting work and putting forward higher requirements to the forecasting accuracy.Most review/survey papers focus on one specific forecasting object(wind,solar,or load),a few involve the above two or three objects,but the forecasting objects are surveyed separately.Some papers predict at least two kinds of objects simultaneously to cope with the increasing uncertainty at both production and load sides.However,there is no corresponding review at present.Hence,our study provides a comprehensive review of wind,solar,and electrical load forecasting methods.Furthermore,the survey of Numerical Weather Prediction wind speed/irradiance correction methods is also included in this manuscript.Challenges and future research directions are discussed at last. | Han Wang Ning Zhang Ershun Du Jie Yan Shuang Han Yongqian Liu | 2022 | Global Energy Interconnection2022，5，1： | 9 |
| 14 | Enabling Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT) towards an emerging smart energy system显示文摘The increasing penetration of renewable energy on the transmission and distribution power network is driving the adoption of two-way power flow control, data and communications needed to meet the dependency of balancing generation and load. Thus, creating an environment where power and information flow seamlessly in real time to enable reliable and economically viable energy delivery, the advent of Internet of Energy(IoE) as well as the rising of Internet of Things(IoT) based smart systems.The evolution of IT to Io T has shown that an information network can be connected in an autonomous way via routers from operating system(OS) based computers and devices to build a highly intelligent eco-system. Conceptually, we are applying the same methodology to the Io E concept so that Energy Operating System(EOS) based assets and devices can be developed into a distributed energy network via energy gateway and self-organized into a smart energy eco-system.This paper introduces a laboratory based IIo T driven software and controls platform developed on the NICE Nano-grid as part of a NICE smart system Initiative for Shenhua group. The goal of this effort is to develop an open architecture based Industrial Smart Energy Consortium(ISEC) to attract industrial partners, academic universities, module supplies, equipment vendors and related stakeholder to explore and contribute into a test-bed centric open laboratory template and platform for next generation energy-oriented smart industry applications.In the meanwhile, ISEC will play an important role to drive interoperability standards for the mining industry so that the era of un-manned underground mining operation can become the reality as well as increasing safety regulation enforcement. | Ding Zhang Ching Chuen Chan George You Zhou | 2018 | Global Energy Interconnection2018，1，1： | 9 |
| 15 | Research on big data applications in Global Energy Interconnection显示文摘Construction of Global Energy Interconnection(GEI) is regarded as an effective way to utilize clean energy and it has been a hot research topic in recent years. As one of the enabling technologies for GEI, big data is accompanied with the sharing, fusion and comprehensive application of energy related data all over the world. The paper analyzes the technology innovation direction of GEI and the advantages of big data technologies in supporting GEI development, and then gives some typical application scenarios to illustrate the application value of big data. Finally, the architecture for applying random matrix theory in GEI is presented. | Dongxia Zhang Robert Caiming Qiu | 2018 | Global Energy Interconnection2018，1，3： | 9 |
| 16 | Probabilistic small signal stability analysis of power system with wind power and photovoltaic power based on probability collocation method显示文摘Recently, with increasing improvements in the penetration of wind power and photovoltaic power in the world, probabilistic small signal stability analysis(PSSSA) of a power system consisting of multiple types of renewable energy has become a key problem. To address this problem, this study proposes a probabilistic collocation method(PCM)-based PSSSA for a power system consisting of wind farms and photovoltaic farms. Compared with the conventional Monte Carlo method, the proposed method meets the accuracy and precision requirements and greatly reduces the computation; therefore, it is suitable for the PSSSA of this power system. Case studies are conducted based on a 4-machine 2-area and New England systems, respectively. The simulation results show that, by reducing synchronous generator output to improve the penetration of renewable energy, the probabilistic small signal stability(PSSS) of the system is enhanced. Conversely, by removing part of the synchronous generators to improve the penetration of renewable energy, the PSSS of the system may be either enhanced or deteriorated. | Cai Yan Linli Zhou Wei Yao Jinyu Wen Shijie Cheng | 2019 | Global Energy Interconnection2019，2，1： | 9 |
| 17 | Aggregator-based demand response mechanism for electric vehicles participating in peak regulation in valley time of receiving-end power grid显示文摘With the increase in the power receiving proportion and an insufficient peak regulation capacity of the local units, the receiving-end power grid struggles to achieve peak regulation in valley time. To solve this problem while considering the potential of the large-scale charge load of electric vehicles(EVs), an aggregator-based demand response(DR) mechanism for EVs that are participating in the peak regulation in valley time is proposed in this study. In this aggregator-based DR mechanism, the profits for the power grid’s operation and the participation willingness of the EV owners are considered. Based on the characteristics of the EV charging process and the day-ahead unit generation scheduling, a rolling unit commitment model with the DR is established to maximize the social welfare. In addition, to improve the efficiency of the optimization problem solving process and to achieve communication between the independent system operator(ISO) and the aggregators, the clustering algorithm is utilized to extract typical EV charging patterns. Finally, the feasibility and benefits of the aggregator-based DR mechanism for saving the costs and reducing the peak-valley difference of the receiving-end power grid are verified through case studies. | Chen Fang Xiaojin Zhao Qin Xu Donghan Feng Haojing Wang Yun Zhou | 2020 | Global Energy Interconnection2020，3，5： | 9 |
| 18 | Benefit allocation model of distributed photovoltaic power generation vehicle shed and energy storage charging pile based on integrated weighting-Shapley method显示文摘In this study,to develop a benefit-allocation model,in-depth analysis of a distributed photovoltaic-powergeneration carport and energy-storage charging-pile project was performed;the model was developed using Shapley integrated-empowerment benefit-distribution method.First,through literature survey and expert interview to identify the risk factors at various stages of the project,a dynamic risk-factor indicator system is developed.Second,to obtain a more meaningful risk-calculation result,the subjective and objective weights are combined,the weights of the risk factors at each stage are determined by the expert scoring method and entropy weight method,and the interest distribution model based on multi-dimensional risk factors is established.Finally,an example is used to verify the rationality of the method for the benefit distribution of the charging-pile project.The results of the example indicate that the limitations of the Shapley method can be reasonably avoided,and the applicability of the model for the benefit distribution of the charging-pile project is verified. | Qingkun Tan Peng Wu Wei Tang Chang Cao Chengjie Wang Yu Zhang | 2020 | Global Energy Interconnection2020，3，4： | 8 |
| 19 | Research and application of a power-flow-calculation method in multiterminal VSC-HVDC power grid显示文摘For demonstrating a multiterminal voltage-source converter(VSC)-based high-voltage DC(HVDC)(VSCHVDC) project, this study puts forward a technical route for calculating the power flow in a 500-kV VSC-HVDC power grid in comparison with that of an AC power grid. The Jacobian matrix used in the power-flow calculation was deduced through methods such as Newton–Laphson iteration and Taylor series expansion. Further, the operation effect of powerflow calculation on a true bipolar VSC-HVDC power grid was analyzed briefly. The elements of the Jacobian matrix corresponding to VSC were studied under the mode of droop control and the control strategy of VSC-HVDC power grid was analyzed in detail. The power-flow calculation model for VSC-HVDC power grid of the master–slave control mode was simplified using the PQ decomposition method of the power-flow calculation of an AC power grid. Moreover, a four-terminal model of the Zhangbei VSC-HVDC demonstration project was established and tested on MATLAB. The simulation results under two kinds of operating conditions were analyzed and compared to the results of BPA; the deviation between the power-flow results was studied. The results show that the proposed calculation method can provide a feasible support for calculating the power flow in VSC-HVDC grids. | Linlin Wu Xiaowei Fan Man Xu Zhendong Li Xiao Wang Xiaofei Zhang Haiwang Jin | 2019 | Global Energy Interconnection2019，2，1： | 8 |
| 20 | Analysis of users’ electricity consumption behavior based on ensemble clustering显示文摘Due to the increase in the number of smart meter devices,a power grid generates a large amount of data.Analyzing the data can help in understanding the users’electricity consumption behavior and demands;thus,enabling better service to be provided to them.Performing power load profile clustering is the basis for mining the users’electricity consumption behavior.By examining the complexity,randomness,and uncertainty of the users’electricity consumption behavior,this paper proposes an ensemble clustering method to analyze this behavior.First,principle component analysis(PCA)is used to reduce the dimensions of the data.Subsequently,the single clustering method is used,and the majority is selected for integrated clustering.As a result,the users’electricity consumption behavior is classified into different modes,and their characteristics are analyzed in detail.This paper examines the electricity power data of 19 real users in China for simulation purposes.This manuscript provides a thorough analysis along with suggestions for the users’weekly electricity consumption behavior.The results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. | Qi Zhao Haolin Li Xinying Wang Tianjiao Pu Jiye Wang | 2019 | Global Energy Interconnection2019，2，6： | 7 |
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