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| 1 | Critical slope gradient for compulsory abandonment of farmland on the hilly Loess Plateau显示文摘Scientific evidence for the upper limit of farmland is proposed. Shallow gully erosion is one of erosion types distributed extensively on sloping farmland in the hilly regions of the Loess Plateau. Field observation and aerial photos interpretation, as well as laboratory experiments show that the shallow gully erosion occurring on the steeper farmland in the hilly regions of the Loess Plateau is an important factor leading to intensive erosion on slope, because of its extensive distribution and intensive runoff collection. The data on the formation, development and distribution of shallow gullies on sloping farmland indicate that critical slope gradient for shallow gully initiation ranges from 15 to 20 degrees with an average of 18.2 degrees. Therefore, it is suggested that critical slope gradient for compulsory abandonment of farmland on the hilly Loess Plateau should be kept within the critical slope gradient for shallow gully initiation to prevent shallow gully formation in order to control soil loss more effectively. But as the first step, the cultivation on the slopes with slope larger than 25 degrees where the maximum erosion occurs should be strictly forbidden. | TANG Keli+1, ZHANG Keli 1,2 and LEI Aling 1,3 1. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling 712100, China 2. Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China 3. Water Resources C | 1998 | Chinese Science Bulletin1998，43，5： | 16 |
| 2 | Role of magnetic resonance imaging in the detection and characterization of solid pancreatic nodules: An update显示文摘Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of the pancreas. The remaining pancreatic tumors are a diverse group of pancreatic neoplasms that comprises cystic pancreatic neoplasms, endocrine tumors and other uncommon pancreatic tumors. Due to the excellent soft tissue contrast resolution, magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) is frequently able to readily separate cystic from noncystic tumors. Cystic tumors are often easy to diagnose with MRI; however, noncystic non-adenocarcinoma tumors may show a wide spectrum of imaging features, which can potentially mimic ductal adenocarcinoma. MRI is a reliable technique for the characterization of pancreatic lesions. The implementation of novel motionresistant pulse sequences and respiratory gating techniques, as well as the recognized benefits of MR cholangiopancreatography, make MRI a very accurate examination for the evaluation of pancreatic masses. MRI has the distinctive ability of non-invasive assessment of the pancreatic ducts, pancreatic parenchyma, neighbouring soft tissues, and vascular network in one examination. MRI can identify different characteristics of various solid pancreatic lesions, potentially allowing the differentiation of adenocarcinoma from other benign and malignant entities. In this review we describe the MRI protocols and MRI characteristics of various solid pancreatic lesions. Recognition of these characteristics may establish the right diagnosis or at least narrow the differential diagnosis, thus avoiding unnecessary tests or procedures and permitting better management. | Najwa Al Ansari Miguel Ramalho Richard C Semelka Valeria Buonocore Silvia Gigli Francesca Maccioni | 2015 | World Journal of Radiology2015，7，11： | 9 |
| 3 | Is autoimmune hepatitis a frequent finding among HCV patients with intense interface hepatitis?显示文摘AIM:To evaluate the overlap of autoimmune hepatitis in hepatitis C virus(HCV)-infected patients with intense interface hepatitis.METHODS:Among 1759 patients with hepatitis C submitted to liver biopsy,92(5.2%) presented intense interface hepatitis.These patients were evaluated regarding the presence of antinuclear antibody(ANA),anti-smooth muscle antibody(SMA) and anti-liver/kidney microsomal antibody(LKM-1),levels of γ-globulin and histological findings related to autoimmune hepatitis(plasma cell infiltrate and presence of rosettes).RESULTS:Among patients with hepatitis C and intense interface hepatitis there was a low prevalence of autoantibodies(ANA=12%,SMA=5%,LKM-1=0%) and the median γ-globulin level was within the normal range.Typical histological findings of autoimmune disease were observed in only two cases(2%).After applying the score for diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis,only one patient was classified with a definitive diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis.Since overlap with autoimmune hepatitis was not the explanation for the intense necroinflammatory activity in patients with chronic hepatitis C we sought to identify the variables associated with this finding.The presence of intense interface hepatitis was associated with more advanced age,both at the time of infection and at the time of the biopsy,and higher prevalence of blood transfusion and alcohol abuse.CONCLUSION:Although possible,overlap with autoimmune hepatitis is a very rare association in HCV-infected patients with intense interface hepatitis,an unusual presentation which seems to be related to other host variables. | Rosilene G Badiani Vitória Becker Renata M Perez Carla AL Matos Lara B Lemos Valéria P Lanzoni Luis Eduardo C Andrade Alessandra Dellavance Antonio Eduardo B Silva Maria Lucia G Ferraz | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，29： | 7 |
| 4 | Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt for medically refractory hepatic hydrothorax:A systematic review and cumulative meta-analysis显示文摘AIM:To assess the effectiveness of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt(TIPSS) in refractory hepatic hydrothorax(RHH) in a systematic review and cumulative meta-analysis.METHODS:A comprehensive literature search was conducted on MEDLINE,EMBASE,and Pub Med covering the period from January 1970 to August 2014.Two authors independently selected and abstracted data from eligible studies.Data were summarized using a random-effects model.Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test.RESULTS:Six studies involving a total of 198 patients were included in the analysis.The mean(SD) age of patients was 56(1.8) years.Most patients(56.9%) had Child-Turcott-Pugh class C disease.The mean duration of follow-up was 10 mo(range,5.7-16 mo).Response to TIPSS was complete in 55.8%(95%CI:44.7%-66.9%),partial in 17.6%(95%CI:10.9%-24.2%),and absent in 21.2%(95%CI:14.2%-28.3%).The mean change in hepatic venous pressure gradient post-TIPSS was 12.7 mm Hg.The incidence of TIPSS-related encephalopathy was 11.7%(95%CI:6.3%-17.2%),and the 45-d mortality was 17.7%(95%CI:11.34%-24.13%).CONCLUSION:TIPSS is associated with a clinically relevant response in RHH.TIPSS should be considered early in these patients,given its poor prognosis. | Ivo C Ditah Badr F Al Bawardy Behnam Saberi Chobufo Ditah Patrick S Kamath | 2015 | World Journal of Hepatology2015，7，13： | 5 |
| 5 | Magnetic resonance imaging of the cirrhotic liver: An update显示文摘Noninvasive imaging has become the standard for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) diagnosis in cirrhotic livers. In this review paper, we go over the basics of MR imaging in cirrhotic livers and describe the imaging appearance of a spectrum of hepatic nodules marking the progression from regenerative nodules to low- and high-grade dysplastic nodules, and ultimately to HCCs. We detail and illustrate the typical imaging appearancesof different types of HCC including focal, multifocal, massive, diffuse/infiltrative, and intra-hepatic metastases; with emphasis on the diagnostic value of MR in imaging these lesions. We also shed some light on liver imaging reporting and data system, and the role of different magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) contrast agents and future MRI techniques including the use of advanced MR pulse sequences and utilization of hepatocyte-specific MRI contrast agents, and how they might contribute to improving the diagnostic performance of MRI in early stage HCC diagnosis. | Agnes Watanabe Miguel Ramalho Mamdoh Al Obaidy Hye Jin Kim Fernanda G Velloni Richard C Semelka | 2015 | World Journal of Hepatology2015，7，3： | 5 |
| 6 | Total cavopulmonary conversion and maze procedure for patients with failure of the Fontan operation显示文摘 | Mavroudis C Backer CL Deal BJ at al | 2001 | J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg2001，122，5： | 2 |
| 7 | Two strawberry miR159 family members display developmental‐specific expression patterns in the fruit receptacle and cooperatively regulate Fa‐GAMYB显示文摘 | FabianaCsukasi LiviaDonaire AnaCasa?al LlúciaMartínez‐Priego Miguel A.Botella NievesMedina‐Escobar CésarLlave VictorianoValpuesta | 2012 | New Phytologist2012，，1： | 2 |
| 8 | Relative efficacy of acute relapse in MS显示文摘 | Thompson AJ ennard C wash M t al | | Neurology0，9，： | 2 |
| 9 | Comparison of Intravitreal Bevacizumab versus Triamcinolone for the Treatment of Diffuse Diabetic Macular Edema显示文摘 | Kreutzer Thomas C Al Saeidi Rashid Kook Daniel Wolf Armin Ulbig Michael W Neubauer Aljoscha S Haritoglou Christos | 2010 | Ophthalmologica2010，，4： | 2 |
| 10 | Vertebroplasty versus conservative treatment in acute osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (Vertos II): an open-label randomised trial显示文摘 | Caroline AH Klazen Paul NM Lohle Jolanda de Vries Frits H Jansen Alexander V Tielbeek Marion C Blonk Alexander Venmans Willem Jan J van Rooij Marinus C Schoemaker Job R Juttmann Tjoen H Lo Harald JJ Verhaar Yolanda van der Graaf Kaspar J van Everdingen Al | 2010 | 2010 (9746)2010，，9746： | 2 |
| 11 | A systematic review of the frequency and prognosis of arteriovenous malformations of the brain in adults显示文摘 | Al - Shahi R Warlow C | 2001 | Brain2001，124，10： | 1 |
| 12 | sinensis: regeneration and characterization of hybrid shoots显示文摘 | XU X Y HU Z Y LI J F et aL Asymmetric somatic hybridization between UV-irradiated Citrus unshiu and C | 2007 | Plant Cell Reports2007，26，： | 1 |
| 13 | Transitios cell hyperplasia and Carcinomas in urinary bladders of transgeanic mice with kcratin 5 promoter-driven cyclooxygenase-2 overexpression 显示文摘 | Klein R D Van Pelt C S Sabichi AL | 2005 | Cancer Res2005，65，5： | 1 |
| 14 | Degradation of dye pollutants by immobilized polyoxometalate with H2O2 under visible-light irradiation显示文摘 | Lei P X Chen C C Yang J el al | 2005 | Environmental Science and Technology2005，39，21： | 1 |
| 15 | U373-MG response to interleukin-1 t-induced oxidative stress 显示文摘 | MALAPLATE-ARMAND C GUEGUEN Y BERTRAND P et al | 2000 | Cell Biol Toxicol2000，16，3： | 1 |
| 16 | Minimizing adverse sideeffects of oral bexarotene in cutaneous T - cell lymphoma : an expert opinion 显示文摘 | Assaf C Bagol M Dummer R et al | 2006 | BrJ Dermatol2006，155，2： | 1 |
| 17 | Expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipoealin in atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction显示文摘 | Hemdahl AL Gabrielsen A Zhu C | 2006 | Arterioscler Tbromb Vasc Biol2006，26，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Microsphere formation in a series of derivatized α-amino acid:properties,molecular modeling,and oral delivery of salmon calcitonin显示文摘 | McInnes C Wang NF | 1995 | J Med Chem1995，38，： | 1 |
| 19 | Menopausal estrogen and estrogen- progestin replacement therapy and breast cancer risk 显示文摘 | Lubin J Troisi R ET AL | 2000 | JAMA2000，283，4： | 1 |
| 20 | Raman spectroscopy employed for the determination of the intermediate phase in polyethylene显示文摘 | CHRISTOPHER C N ROBERT J M BERT J K et al | 1995 | Macromolecules1995，28，8： | 1 |
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