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| 1 | GRADE指南:Ⅴ.证据质量评价--发表偏倚显示文摘GRADE方法中,随机试验起评即为高质量证据,观察性研究起评即为低质量证据;但若证据本身存在高发表偏倚风险,则两者证据质量级别都应降低。即使最佳证据汇总表纳入的各项研究仅有低发表偏倚风险,发表偏倚仍会极大高估效应值。当可得证据来自小样本研究、且多数由厂商资助时,作者应怀疑存在发表偏倚。若干基于检验数据类型的方法可用于评价发表偏倚,其中最常用的为漏斗图,但这些方法都有较大局限。发表偏倚可能较常见,必须特别关注早期结果、对样本量与事件数都很小的早期试验结果尤需小心。 | Gordon H.Guyatt Andrew D.Oxman Victor Montori Gunn Vist Regina Kunz Jan Brozek Pablo Alonso-Coello Ben Djulbegovic David Atkins Yngve Falck-Ytter John W.Williams Jr. Joerg Meerpohl Susan L.Norris Elie A.Akl Holger J.Schünemann 代表GRADE工作组 李幼平 王莉 钟大可 蒋兰慧 | 2011 | 中国循证医学杂志2011，11，12： | 71 |
| 2 | GRADE指南:Ⅳ.证据质量分级--研究的局限性(偏倚风险)显示文摘在GRADE方法中,若多数相关证据来自高偏倚风险的研究,则起初被定为高质量证据的随机试验和低质量证据的观察性研究均有可能被降低质量等级。随机试验已确定的局限性包括:未进行分配隐藏、未实施盲法、未报告失访情况及未恰当考虑意向性治疗原则。最近提出的局限性包括:因明显获益而早期终止试验和基于结果选择性报告结局。观察性研究的主要局限性包括使用不合适的对照及未能充分调整预后的不平衡。偏倚风险可因不同结果而异(如全死因死亡率的失访远少于生命质量的失访),许多系统评价都容易忽略这一点。在决定是否因偏倚风险而降低质量等级时,不管是随机试验还是观察性研究,作者不应采用对各个研究取平均值的方法。相反,对任何单个结果,当同时存在高、低偏倚风险的研究时,则应考虑只纳入较低偏倚风险的研究。 | Gordon H.Guyatt Andrew D.Oxman Gunn Vist Regina Kunz Jan Brozek Pablo Alonso-Coello Victor Montori Elie A.Akl Ben Djulbegovic Yngve Falck-Ytter Susan L.Norris John W.Williams Jr. David Atkins Joerg Meerpohl Holger J.Schünemann GRADE工作组 李幼平 杨晓妍 李鸿浩 李玲 | 2011 | 中国循证医学杂志2011，11，4： | 58 |
| 3 | GRADE指南:Ⅱ.构建问题、确定重要结果显示文摘GRADE要求明确说明相关的背景、人群、干预措施和对照,同时要求不论研究结果能否形成证据,均需详述所有重要结果。对某一特定管理问题,人群、干预措施及结果应在不同研究间足够类似,才能认为得到相似的效应量合乎情理。指南制定者在收集证据前应先详细说明各结局的相对重要性,同样地,证据总结完成时也需要详细说明这一点。考虑到替代结局的重要性,对采用替代指标描述且对患者很重要的结局,作者应评估其重要性,并进而降低这种间接结果的证据质量等级。 | Gordon H.Guyatt Andrew D.Oxman Regina Kunz David Atkins Jan Brozek Gunn Vist Philip Alderson Paul Glasziou Yngve Falck-Ytter Holger J.Schünemann GRADE工作组 李幼平 杨晓妍 陈群飞 | 2011 | 中国循证医学杂志2011，11，4： | 40 |
| 4 | GRADE指南:Ⅸ.证据质量升级显示文摘证据质量升级的最常见原因是效应量大。当方法学严谨的观察性研究表明风险至少降低或增加2倍时,GRADE建议考虑将证据质量升高1级;当风险至少降低或增加5倍时,考虑将证据质量升高2级。当存在剂量-反应关系,或所有合理的混杂、偏倚会降低明显的治疗效应,或混杂、偏倚使得结果无效为假效应时,系统评价作者和指南制定者也可考虑升高证据质量。其他考虑因素包括起效迅速、潜在的疾病(状态)趋势以及间接证据。 | Gordon H.Guyatt Andrew D.Oxman Shahnaz Sultan Paul Glasziou Elie A.Akl Pablo Alonso-Coello David Atkins Regina Kunz Jan Brozek Victor Montori Roman Jaeschke David Rind Philipp Dahm Joerg Meerpohl Gunn Vist Elise Berliner Susan Norris Yngve Falck-Ytter M.Hassan Murad Holger J.Schünemann 代表GRADE工作组 李幼平 杨晓妍 李玲 王应强 | 2011 | 中国循证医学杂志2011，11，12： | 22 |
| 5 | PD-L1在不同乳腺癌亚型及分期病例中的表达及其肿瘤内异质性:245例原发和40例转移癌的研究显示文摘肿瘤组织中PD—L1表达与多种恶性肿瘤免疫逃逸有关,包括三阴型乳腺癌,通过PD—L1标记有助于选择适合于PD—I/PD—L1抑制剂治疗患者。作者采用组织芯片技术对各种组织学形态的乳腺癌进行PD—L1表达和研究,以探讨其在原发和转移性乳腺癌中的异质性,研究病例包括245例原发性乳腺癌和40例转移性乳腺癌(淋巴结转移及远处转移各20例),瘤细胞PD—L1膜着色细胞≥1%定义为阳性。 | Dill E A Gru A A Atkins K A.Atkins 王婷 余英豪 | 2017 | 临床与实验病理学杂志2017，33，10： | 17 |
| 6 | P16免疫染色可以提高子宫平滑肌肿瘤的组织学分类显示文摘 | Atkins K A Arronte N Darus C J 黄文斌(摘译) | 2008 | 临床与实验病理学杂志2008，24，1： | 13 |
| 7 | 肌萎缩性侧索硬化蛋白激活小胶质细胞NLRP3炎性小体显示文摘小胶质细胞NLRP3炎性小体激活正在成为神经退行性变过程中神经炎症的关键因素。诸如β-淀粉样蛋白和α-突触核蛋白之类的致病性蛋白质聚集体触发小胶质NLRP3激活,从而导致半胱天冬酶-1激活和IL-1β的分泌。在小鼠肌萎缩性侧索硬化症(ALS)的SOD1G93A模型中,半胱天冬酶-1和IL-1β均促进疾病进展,提示小胶质NLRP3在该进程中发挥作用。然而先前的研究表明,SOD1G93A小鼠小胶质细胞不表达NLRP3,SOD1G93A蛋白在小胶质细胞中产生独立于NLRP3的IL-1β。本研究论证了使用Nlrp3-GFP基因敲入小鼠,在SOD1G93A小鼠中小胶质细胞表达NLRP3。本研究显示聚集和可溶性SOD1G93A均可激活小鼠原代小胶质细胞中的炎性小体,导致半胱天冬酶-1和IL-1β裂解,ASC斑点形成以及呈剂量和时间依赖性的IL-1β分泌。重要的是,SOD1G93A无法从缺乏Nlrp3的小胶质细胞或者用特异性NLRP3抑制剂MCC950预处理的小胶质细胞中诱导IL-1β分泌,从而证实NLRP3是介导SOD1诱导的小胶质细胞IL-1β分泌的关键炎症小体复合物。在TDP-43Q331K ALS小鼠模型中也观察到小胶质NLRP3上调,TDP-43野生型和突变蛋白亦可以NLRP3依赖性的方式激活小胶质炎性小体。从机制上讲,本研究确定了活性氧簇和ATP的生成是SOD1G93A介导的NLRP3激活所需的关键事件。总之,本研究的数据表明ALS小胶质细胞表达NLRP3,而病理ALS蛋白激活小胶质NLRP3炎性小体。因此,NLRP3抑制可能是阻止小胶质细胞神经炎症和ALS疾病进展的潜在治疗方法。 | Vandana Deora John D Lee Eduardo AAlbornoz Luke McAlary Cyril J Jagaraj Avril A B Robertson Julie D Atkin Matthew A Cooper Kate Schroder Justin J Yerbury Richard Gordon Trent MWoodruff 杜一星(编译) | 2020 | 神经损伤与功能重建2020，15，9： | 13 |
| 8 | Role of polyethylene particles in peri-prosthetic osteolysis:A review显示文摘There is convincing evidence that particles produced by the wear of joint prostheses are causal in the periprosthetic loss of bone,or osteolysis,which,if it progresses,leads to the phenomenon of aseptic loosening.It is important to fully understand the biology of this bone loss because it threatens prosthesis survival,and loosened implants can result in peri-prosthetic fracture,which is disastrous for the patient and presents a difficult surgical scenario.The focus of this review is the bioactivity of polyethylene(PE)particles,since there is evidence that these are major players in the development and progression of osteolysis around prostheses which use PE as the bearing surface.The review describes the biological consequences of interaction of PE particles with macrophages,osteoclasts and cells of the osteoblast lineage,including osteocytes.It explores the possible cellular mechanisms of action of PE and seeks to use the findings to date to propose potential nonsurgical treatments for osteolysis.In particular,a nonsurgical approach is likely to be applicable to implants containing newer,highly cross-linked PEs(HXLPEs),for which osteolysis seems to occur with much reduced PE wear compared with conventional PEs.The caveat here is that we know little as yet about the bioactivity of HXLPE particles and addressing this constitutes our next challenge. | Gerald J Atkins David R Haynes Donald W Howie David M Findlay | 2011 | World Journal of Orthopedics2011，2，10： | 11 |
| 9 | ZFN,TALEN and CRISPR-Cas9 mediated homology directed gene insertion in Arabidopsis:A disconnect between somatic and germinal cells显示文摘Breakthroughs in the generation of programmable sequencespecific nucleases (SSNs),such as zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), TAL effector nucleases (TALENs)and the RNA-directed nuclease CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9),have greatly increased the ease of plant genome engineering (Voytas,2013;Malzahn et al., 2017).Programmable SSNs introduce a DNA double-strand break (DSB)at a target site in the genome that must be repaired by one of several endogenous DNA repair pathways. | Qiwei Shan Nicholas J.Baltes Paul Atkins Elida R. Kirkland Yong Zhang Joshua A.Ballet Levi G.Lowder Aimee A.Malzahn John C.Haugner Ⅲ Burckhard Seelig Daniel F. Voytas Yiping Qi | 2018 | Journal of Genetics and Genomics2018，45，12： | 9 |
| 10 | 糖尿病肾病:现在行动还是日后付出代价显示文摘一、2010年3月11目世界肾脏日:我们必须对糖尿病肾病有所行动
2003年国际肾脏病学会(ISN)和国际糖尿病联合会(IDF)发行了一本名为《糖尿病与肾脏:是时候开始行动了》的小册子…,来强调2型糖尿病和糖尿病肾病的全球大流行状况。其目的在于提醒政府、卫生机构、资助人、医生和患者关于糖尿病肾病及其继发疾病(包括需要透析治疗的终末期肾脏病和心血管疾病)所带来的健康以及社会经济问题。 | Robert C. Atkins Paul Zimmet 王欣(翻译) 余学清(审校) | 2010 | 中华肾脏病杂志2010，，2： | 5 |
| 11 | Once-only flexible sigmoidoscopy screening in prevention of colorectal cancer: a multicentre randomised controlled trial显示文摘 | Wendy S Atkin Rob Edwards Ines Kralj-Hans Kate Wooldrage Andrew R Hart John MA Northover D Max Parkin Jane Wardle Stephen W Duffy Jack Cuzick | 2010 | The Lancet2010，，9726： | 4 |
| 12 | Multispectral sensing of biological liquids with hollow-core microstructured optical fibres显示文摘The state of the art in optical biosensing is focused on reaching high sensitivity at a single wavelength by using any type of optical resonance.This common strategy,however,disregards the promising possibility of simultaneous measurements of a bioanalyte’s refractive index over a broadband spectral domain.Here,we address this issue by introducing the approach of in-fibre multispectral optical sensing(IMOS).The operating principle relies on detecting changes in the transmission of a hollow-core microstructured optical fibre when a bioanalyte is streamed through it via liquid cells.IMOS offers a unique opportunity to measure the refractive index at 42 wavelengths,with a sensitivity up to ~3000 nm per refractive index unit(RIU)and a figure of merit reaching 99 RIU^(−1) in the visible and near-infra-red spectral ranges.We apply this technique to determine the concentration and refractive index dispersion for bovine serum albumin and show that the accuracy meets clinical needs. | Timur Ermatov Roman E.Noskov Andrey AMachnev Ivan Gnusov Vsevolod Atkin Ekaterina N.Lazareva Sergei V.German Sergey S.Kosolobov Timofei S.Zatsepin Olga V.Sergeeva Julia S.Skibina Pavel Ginzburg Valery V.Tuchin Pavlos G.Lagoudakis Dmitry A.Gorin | 2020 | Light(Science & Applications)2020，9，1： | 4 |
| 13 | 拉米夫定/干扰素-α联合治疗围生期感染乙肝的免疫耐受患儿:一项初步研究显示文摘Objective:To investigate whether combining the antiviral effect of lamivudine with the immune-boosting action of interferon-alpha(IFN-α)is effective in treating hepatitis B virus(HBV)“immunotolerant”children.Study design:Twen tythree children(8 boys;mean age,10 years)infected during the first year of life(17 Asian,21 with normal aminotransferase levels,15 with HBV-DNA > 1000 pg/mL by hybridization and all with mild histologic changes)were treated with l amivudine(3 mg/kg)for 8 weeks alone and then lamivudine(3 mg/kg)-and IFN-α(5 MU/m2,3 times weekly)in combination for 10 months.Results:Seventy-eight percent became HBV-DNA negative at the end of treatment,5(22%)seroconverted to anti-HBe,4(17%)of whom achieved complete viral control,becoming persis tently HBsAg negative and anti-HBs positive.None had YMDD mutations.The viral status of the patients has not changed after a median follow-up of 40 months(range,36 to 48).Conclusions:This pilot study suggests that lamivudine pretrea tment followed by a combination of lamivudine and IFN-αcan induce complete vir al control in HBV immunotolerant children,hitherto considered poor responders. | D'Antiga L. Aw M. Atkins M. G.Mieli-Vergani 王一飞 | 2006 | 世界核心医学期刊文摘(儿科学分册)2006，2，8： | 4 |
| 14 | Bicuspid aortic valve hemodynamics does not promote remodeling in porcine aortic wall concavity显示文摘AIM: To investigate the role of type-I left-right bicuspid aortic valve(LR-BAV) hemodynamic stresses in the remodeling of the thoracic ascending aorta(AA) concavity, in the absence of underlying genetic or structural defects.METHODS: Transient wall shear stress(WSS) profiles in the concavity of tricuspid aortic valve(TAV) and LR-BAV AAs were obtained computationally. Tissue specimens excised from the concavity of normal(nondilated) porcine AAs were subjected for 48 h to those stress environments using a shear stress bioreactor. Tissue remodeling was characterized in terms of matrix metalloproteinase(MMP) expression and activity via immunostaining and gelatin zymography.RESULTS: Immunostaining semi-quantification results indicated no significant difference in MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression between the tissue groups exposed to TAV and LR-BAV AA WSS(P = 0.80 and P = 0.19, respectively). Zymography densitometry revealed no difference in MMP-2 activity(total activity, active form and latent form) between the groups subjected to TAV AA and LR-BAV AA WSS(P = 0.08, P = 0.15 and P = 0.59, respectively).CONCLUSION: The hemodynamic stress environment present in the concavity of type-I LR-BAV AA does not cause any significant change in proteolytic enzyme expression and activity as compared to that present in the TAV AA. | Samantha K Atkins Alison N Moore Philippe Sucosky | 2016 | World Journal of Cardiology2016，8，1： | 3 |
| 15 | Once-only flexible sigmoidoscopy screening in prevention of colorectal cancer: a multicentre randomised controlled trial显示文摘 | Wendy S Atkin Rob Edwards Ines Kralj-Hans Kate Wooldrage Andrew R Hart John MA Northover D Max Parkin Jane Wardle Stephen W Duffy Jack Cuzick | 2010 | 2010 (9726)2010，，9726： | 3 |
| 16 | Eosinophilic esophagitis: Updated consensus recommendations for children and adults显示文摘 | Chris A. Liacouras Glenn T. Furuta Ikuo Hirano Dan Atkins Stephen E. Attwood Peter A. Bonis A. Wesley Burks Mirna Chehade Margaret H. Collins Evan S. Dellon Ranjan Dohil Gary W. Falk Nirmala Gonsalves Sandeep K. Gupta David A. Katzka Alfredo J. Lucendo Jo | 2011 | The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology2011，，1： | 3 |
| 17 | Colorectal cancer显示文摘 | David Cunningham Wendy Atkin Heinz-Josef Lenz Henry T Lynch Bruce Minsky Bernard Nordlinger Naureen Starling | 2010 | The Lancet2010，，9719： | 3 |
| 18 | Ambulatory Arterial Stiffness Index as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Mortality in the Dublin Outcome Study显示文摘 | Eamon Dolan Lutgarde Thijs Yan Li Neil Atkins Patricia McCormack Sean McClory Eoin O’Brien Jan A. Staessen Alice V. Stanton | 2006 | Hypertension2006，，3： | 3 |
| 19 | Diabetic kidney disease:Act now or pay later显示文摘For the 2010 International Society of Nephrology/International Federation of Kidney Foundations World Kidney Day Steering Committee(RA) and the International Diabetes Federation (PZ) World Kidney Day 11 March 2010:we must act on diabetic kidney disease In 2003,the International Society of Nephrology and the International Diabetes Federation launched a booklet called 'Diabetes in the Kidney:Time to act'[1] to highlight the global pandemic of type | Robert C Atkins Paul Zimmet | 2009 | 肾脏病与透析肾移植杂志2009，18，6： | 3 |
| 20 | Computed tomographic colonography versus colonoscopy for investigation of patients with symptoms suggestive of colorectal cancer (SIGGAR): a multicentre randomised trial显示文摘 | Wendy Atkin Edward Dadswell Kate Wooldrage Ines Kralj-Hans Christian von Wagner Rob Edwards Guiqing Yao Clive Kay David Burling Omar Faiz Julian Teare Richard J Lilford Dion Morton Jane Wardle Steve Halligan | 2013 | The Lancet2013，，： | 3 |
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