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| 1 | 当代西方有效教学研究的系统考察与启示显示文摘有效教学研究是当代西方教学研究中起步较早,而且研究成果也颇为丰富多样的一个研究领域。着眼于我国新课程改革与新教学推进的现实需要,本文对当代西方有效教学研究进行了全方位的系统考察,包括有效教学研究的历史发展过程、有效教学的概念与特点、有效教学的分析范式以及研究方法,并在此基础上,提出了西方学者的研究对我们从多角度、多层面理解有效教学的若干启示。 | 陈晓端 Stephen Keith | 2005 | 比较教育研究2005，26，8： | 199 |
| 2 | 云南瑞丽物质滥用调查与社区干预显示文摘作者在云南瑞丽的四所中学和32个自然村进行了成瘾物质使用情况调查。结果发现,中学生中18.7%吸烟,1.10%的学生平均每天摄入纯酒精75g 以上,0.99%的人曾使用过鸦片,0.94%曾使用过海洛英。村民中吸烟者占43.7%,8.39%的人平均每天摄入纯酒精75g 以上,12.3%曾使用过鸦片,7.8%曾使用过海洛英。在调查的基础上,选择4个自然村开始实施为期三年以社区为基础的药物滥用预防干预计划,一年半后中期评估的结果令人鼓舞,药物依赖者中39.4%完全戒除了海洛英。 | 李建华 朱华 万文鹏 石青 刘德全 Keith Emrich Christian J.Kroll | 1993 | 中国心理卫生杂志1993，7，6： | 80 |
| 3 | 土壤保水剂对土壤持水特性及作物出苗的影响显示文摘保水剂农业节水、保水、增产新技术一直是国内外学者重点研究的对象之一,但目前缺少一些基础性研究数据,本文着重就保水剂物理保水特性及对作物出苗的影响进行探讨。结果表明保水剂具有良好的膨胀性、吸水快和减少蒸发的特性,特别是改变水分特征曲线,大幅度增加土壤有效水,促进作物出苗作用尤为突出,可成为未来人工调控土壤水分的重要手段,应用前景非常广阔。 | 蔡典雄 王小彬 Keith Saxton | 1999 | 土壤肥料1999，，1： | 67 |
| 4 | 颈动脉粥样硬化疾病的处理美国血管外科学会临床实践指南显示文摘美国血管外科学会(SVS)任命了一个专家委员会制定颈动脉狭窄处理的循证临床指南。在制定临床实践推荐意见过程中,该委员会使用系统评价对当前最件的证据进行了总结,采用GRADE标准对推荐意见的强度(强烈推荐为GRADEI级,一般推荐为GRADEⅡ级)和证据的质量(高、中、低和极低)进行了分级。对于轻度颈动脉狭窄患者(有症状患者狭窄程度〈50%和无症状患者狭窄程度〈60%),推荐进行最佳的内科治疗而非血管重建术(I级推荐,高质量证据)。对于有症状中到重度狭窄患者(狭窄程度≥50%),推荐行颈动脉内膜切除术(CEA)+最佳的内科治疗(I级推荐,高质量证据)。对于围手术期风险高的有症状巾到重度狭窄患者(狭窄程度≥50%),建议采用颈动脉支架置入术作为其替代治疗手段(Ⅱ级推荐,低质量证据)。对于中到重度狭窄的无症状患者(狭窄程度≥60%),只要围手术期风险较低,就推荐行CEA+内科治疗(I级推荐,高质量证据)。对于中到重度狭窄的尢症状患者(狭窄稗度≥60%),不推荐行颈动脉支架置入术(I级推荐,低质量证据)。颈动脉狭窄≥80%但存在CEA高危解剖学风险的患者可能是一个例外。 | Robert W. Hobson, Ⅱ William C. Mackey Enrico Ascher M. Hassan Murad Keith D. Calligaro Anthony J. Comerota Victor M. Montori Mark K. Eskandari Douglas W. Massop Ruth L. Bush Brajesh K. Lal Bruce A. Perler 刘德志(译) 徐格林(译) 刘新峰(译) | 2008 | 国际脑血管病杂志2008，16，12： | 35 |
| 5 | Direct anterior total hip arthroplasty: Literature review of variations in surgical technique显示文摘The direct anterior approach to the hip has been suggested to have several advantages compared to previously popular approaches through its use of an intra-muscular and intra-nervous interval betweenthe tensor fasciae latae and sartorius muscles. Recent increased interest in tissue-sparing and minimallyinvasive arthroplasty has given rise to a sharp increase in the utilization of direct anterior total hip arthroplasty. A number of variations of the procedure have been described and several authors have published their experiences and feedback to successfully accomplishing this procedure. Additionally, improved understanding of relevant soft tissue constraints and anatomic variants has provided improved margin of safety for patients. The procedure may be performed using speciallydesigned instruments and a fracture table, however many authors have also described equally efficacious performance using a regular table and standard arthroplasty tools. The capacity to utilize fluoroscopy intraoperatively for component positioning is a valuable asset to the approach and can be of particular benefit for surgeons gaining familiarity. Proper management of patient and limb positioning are vital to reducing risk of intra-operative complications. An understanding of its limitations and challenges are also critical to safe employment. This review summarizes the key features of the direct anterior approach for total hip arthroplasty as an aid to improving the understanding of this important and effective method for modern hip replacement surgeons. | Keith P Connolly Atul F Kamath | 2016 | World Journal of Orthopedics2016，7，1： | 33 |
| 6 | 南海西沙石岛地震台下的地壳结构研究显示文摘为加强海上天然地震观测和岩石圈结构研究,我们在南海西沙群岛建立了石岛流动地震台,进行了为期一年多的观测试验.观测结果表明,虽然岛礁区的地震数据受热带气旋影响期间背景噪声较大,但仍能记录到MW6级以上的地震.本文对具有清晰P波波形的远震记录进行了接收函数处理和计算模拟,得到台站下简单的地壳结构模型,其莫霍面深度为28 km,上地壳顶部有一层2 km厚的低速层,横波速度只有2.3 km/s,向下逐渐过渡到横波速度为3.8 km/s的下地壳.与已有的研究结果比较,发现石岛台与琼中台的地壳结构模型是西沙海槽剖面的自然延伸,西沙地块的地壳结构属减薄型陆壳,可与华南地块的正常陆壳对比. | 丘学林 曾钢平 胥颐 郝天珧 李志雄 Keith Priestley Dan McKenzie | 2006 | 地球物理学报2006，49，6： | 30 |
| 7 | CONFLICT ANALYSIS APPROACHES FOR INVESTIGATING ATTITUDES AND MISPERCEPTIONS IN THE WAR OF 1812显示文摘设计途径到为错误感觉和态度建模的正式系统在图模型的框架以内被采用让冲突分辨率系统地学习在美国和大 Britainin 顺序之间的 1812 的战争提供提高的卓见进战争的原因。更明确地,为偏爱,运动和稳定性概念的关系定义为描述态度被定义并且联系了涉及冲突的决定制造者的行为。到在 1812 的战争的决定制造者的俘获错误感觉,态度在一场亢奋的比赛的结构以内被学习。在图模型的范例以内的 Combiningattitudes 和错误感觉供应证明由英国和美国的态度的那误解可能贡献了这不干净的战争的爆发的灵活分析工具。 | Takehiro INOHARA Keith W. HIPEL Sean WALKER | 2007 | Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering2007，16，2： | 29 |
| 8 | 美国临床药学教育与实践显示文摘目的:介绍美国临床药学教育的概况,探讨其发展方向。方法:总结近50年美国临床药学的发展史,介绍其教学和培训模式、临床药师工作内容及相关认证情况。结果与结论:美国的药学教育和临床实践经历了重大的变化与发展。2000年开始设立的临床药学博士学位项目是变革核心,其是目前美国药学院校提供的唯一药学学位。坚实的临床教育是培养临床药学从业者的基础,这些课程主要由资深的临床药学博士授课。患者监护是临床药学博士生教育的中心,而以技能展现所学知识的课堂活动正逐步取代传统的授课式教学模式。药学院校需要证明其学生掌握了评审标准中所要求的技能。为了将学生培养为专业的临床药师,在完成临床药学博士项目后,一般需要1~2年的住院药师培训。大多数临床药师还需要通过一项临床委员会考试以取得临床药学执业执照。此外,临床药师也可成为药学院校的临床教师。中国临床药师的发展,可以此为借鉴,通过院校和医疗机构的协同努力,以加强药师的临床培训。 | Keith M.Olsen Sylvia A.Dang Olivia V.Nguyen Kimberly K.Scarsi 张伶俐 曾力楠 归舸 | 2016 | 中国药房2016，27，2： | 29 |
| 9 | Molecular mechanisms of viral hepatitis induced hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘Chronic infection with viral hepatitis affects half a billion individuals worldwide and can lead to cirrhosis,cancer,and liver failure.Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-associated mortality,of which hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)represents 90%of all primary liver cancers.Solid tumors like HCC are complex and have heterogeneous tumor genomic profiles contributing to complexity in diagnosis and management.Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus(HBV),hepatitis delta virus(HDV),and hepatitis C virus(HCV)are the greatest etiological risk factors for HCC.Due to the significant role of chronic viral infection in HCC development,it is important to investigate direct(viral associated)and indirect(immune-associated)mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of HCC.Common mechanisms used by HBV,HCV,and HDV that drive hepatocarcinogenesis include persistent liver inflammation with an impaired antiviral immune response,immune and viral protein-mediated oxidative stress,and deregulation of cellular signaling pathways by viral proteins.DNA integration to promote genome instability is a feature of HBV infection,and metabolic reprogramming leading to steatosis is driven by HCV infection.The current review aims to provide a brief overview of HBV,HCV and HDV molecular biology,and highlight specific viral-associated oncogenic mechanisms and common molecular pathways deregulated in HCC,and current as well as emerging treatments for HCC. | Simmone D'souza Keith CK Lau Carla S Coffin Trushar R Patel | 2020 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2020，26，38： | 25 |
| 10 | FAIR Principles:Interpretations and Implementation Considerations显示文摘The FAIR principles have been widely cited,endorsed and adopted by a broad range of stakeholders since their publication in 2016.By intention,the 15 FAIR guiding principles do not dictate specific technological implementations,but provide guidance for improving Findability,Accessibility,Interoperability and Reusability of digital resources.This has likely contributed to the broad adoption of the FAIR principles,because individual stakeholder communities can implement their own FAIR solutions.However,it has also resulted in inconsistent interpretations that carry the risk of leading to incompatible implementations.Thus,while the FAIR principles are formulated on a high level and may be interpreted and implemented in different ways,for true interoperability we need to support convergence in implementation choices that are widely accessible and(re)-usable.We introduce the concept of FAIR implementation considerations to assist accelerated global participation and convergence towards accessible,robust,widespread and consistent FAIR implementations.Any self-identified stakeholder community may either choose to reuse solutions from existing implementations,or when they spot a gap,accept the challenge to create the needed solution,which,ideally,can be used again by other communities in the future.Here,we provide interpretations and implementation considerations(choices and challenges)for each FAIR principle. | Annika Jacobsen Ricardo de Miranda Azevedo Nick Juty Dominique Batista Simon Coles Ronald Cornet Melanie Courtot Merce Crosas Michel Dumontier Chris T.Evelo Carole Goble Giancarlo Guizzardi Karsten Kryger Hansen Ali Hasnain Kristina Hettne Jaap Heringa Rob W.W.Hooft Melanie Imming Keith G.Jeffery Rajaram Kaliyaperumal Martijn GKersloot Christine R.Kirkpatrick Tobias Kuhn Ignasi Labastida Barbara Magagna PeterMcQuilton Natalie Meyers Annalisa Montesanti Mirjam van Reisen Philippe Rocca-Serra Robert Pergl Susanna-Assunta Sansone Luiz Olavo Bonino da Silva Santos Juliane Schneider George Strawn Mark Thompson Andra Waagmeester Tobias Weigel Mark D.Wilkinson Egon L.Willighagen Peter Wittenburg Marco Roos Barend Mons Erik Schultes | 2020 | Data Intelligence2020，2，1： | 26 |
| 11 | 肺炎链球菌呼吸道感染分离株的耐药性显示文摘目的 :研究肺炎链球菌呼吸道感染分离株的耐药性及其传播情况。方法 :肺炎链球菌分离株进行药物敏感试验和血清学分型 ,并结合BOXPCR、脉冲场电泳 (pulse-fieldgelelectrophoresis,PFGE)和青霉素结合蛋白基因 (penicillinbindingpro teingene,pbp)指纹等分子生物学方法分析菌株间亲缘关系。 结果 :呼吸道感染分离株 1 2 8株中有青霉素低度耐药株 (peni cillinintermediatedStreptococcuspneumoniae,PISP) 1 0株 ,未发现青霉素高度耐药株 (penicillinresistantStreptococcuspneumoni ae,PRSP)。 1 1 1株存活菌株分属 2 5种血清型 ,主要为 2 3F、3、1 9F、1 4、9V、6A、6B等。 9株存活PISP中有 6种PFGE谱型 ,2株PFGE谱型相同菌株的耐药谱和血清型相仿 ;2株不同PFGE谱型菌株pbp指纹相似 ,对青霉素和头孢曲松敏感性相似 ;上述呼吸道感染分离PISP中未发现与世界主要流行耐药克隆代表株DNA指纹或 pbp基因相似菌株。 结论 :上述肺炎链球菌呼吸道感染分离株青霉素耐药率尚低 ,存在青霉素耐药克隆和基因的传播 ,其中尚未发现世界主要流行耐药克隆。 | 杨帆 张婴元 Lesley McGee Avril Wasas Keith Klugman 吴卫红 周乐 朱德妹 汪复 | 2001 | 中国抗感染化疗杂志2001，1，1： | 26 |
| 12 | Application of polyurethane geocomposites to help maintain track geometry for high-speed ballasted railway tracks显示文摘There are many issues surrounding the performance of critical assets on high-speed ballasted railway lines.At assets like switch & crossings and bridge transitions high track forces can be produced resulting in higher ballast settlements and hence track misalignments.The latter result in higher track forces and hence more settlement,leading to the need for increased track maintenance to ensure comfort and safety.Current technologies for solving issues like ballast movement under high-speed loading regimes are limited.However,a technique that has been well used across the UK and now increasingly overseas to stabilise and reinforce ballasted railway tracks is the application of in-situ polyurethane polymers,termed XiTRACK.This paper discusses how this technique can be used to solve these types of long-standing issues and presents actual polymer application profiles at two typical critical sites,namely a junction and a transition onto concrete slab-track. | Peter Keith WOODWARD Abdellah EL KACIMI Omar LAGHROUCHE Gabriela MEDERO Meysam BANIMAHD | 2012 | Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering)2012，13，11： | 20 |
| 13 | Potentially dangerous glacial lakes across the Tibetan Plateau revealed using a large-scale automated assessment approach显示文摘Glacial lake outburst floods(GLOFs) are a major concern in the Himalaya and on the Tibetan Plateau(TP),where several disasters occurring over the past century have caused significant loss of life and damage to infrastructure. This study responds directly to the needs of local authorities to provide guidance on the most dangerous glacial lakes across TP where local monitoring and other risk reduction strategies can subsequently be targeted. Specifically, the study aims to establish a first comprehensive prioritisation ranking of lake danger for TP, considering both the likelihood and possible magnitude of any outburst event(hazard), and the exposure of downstream communities. A composite inventory of 1,291 glacial lakes(>0.1 km^2) was derived from recent remote sensing studies, and a fully automated and object assessment scheme was implemented using customised GIS tools. Based on four core determinates of GLOF hazard(lake size, watershed area, topographic potential for ice/rock avalanching, and dam steepness), the scheme accurately distinguishes the high to very high hazard level of 19 out of 20 lakes that have previously generated GLOFs. Notably, 16% of all glacial lakes threaten human settlements, with a hotspot of GLOF danger identified in the central Himalayan counties of Jilong, Nyalam, and Dingri, where the potential trans-boundary threat to communities located downstream in Nepal is also recognised. The results provide an important and object scientific basis for decision-making, and the methodological approach is ideally suited for replication across other mountainous regions where such first-order studies are lacking. | Simon Keith Allen Guoqing Zhang Weicai Wang TANDong Yao Tobias Bolch | 2019 | Science Bulletin2019，64，7： | 20 |
| 14 | Sex differences in cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease显示文摘Sex differences in neurocognitive abilities have been extensively explored both in the healthy population andin many disorders. Until recently, however, little work has examined such differences in people with Alzheimer's disease(AD). This is despite clear evidence that AD is more prevalent in women, and converging lines of evidence from brain imaging, post-mortem analyses, hormone therapy and genetics suggesting that AD affects men and women differently. We provide an overview of evidence attesting to the poorer cognitive profiles in women than in men at the same stage of AD. Indeed, men significantly outperform women in several cognitive domains, including: Language and semantic abilities, visuospatial abilities and episodic memory. These differences do not appear to be attributable to any differences in age, education, or dementia severity. Reasons posited for this female disadvantage include a reduction of estrogen in postmenopausal women, greater cognitive reserve in men, and the influence of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele. Assessment of cognitive abilities contributes to the diagnosis of the condition and thus, it is crucial to identify the role of sex differences if potentially more accurate diagnoses and treatments are to emerge. | Keith R Laws Karen Irvine Tim M Gale | 2016 | World Journal of Psychiatry2016，6，1： | 18 |
| 15 | Roles of the canonical myomiRs mi R-1,-133 and-206 in cell development and disease显示文摘Micro RNAs are small non-coding RNAs that participate in different biological processes, providing subtle combinational regulation of cellular pathways, often by regulating components of signalling pathways. Aberrant expression of mi RNAs is an important factor in the development and progression of disease. The canonical myomi Rs(mi R-1,-133 and-206) are central to the development and health of mammalian skeletal and cardiac muscles, but new findings show they have regulatory roles in the development of other mammalian non-muscle tissues, including nerve, brain structures, adipose and some specialised immunological cells. Moreover, the deregulation of myomi R expression is associated with a variety of different cancers, where typically they have tumor suppressor functions, although examples of an oncogenic role illustrate their diverse function in different cell environments. This review examines the involvement of the related myomi Rs at the crossroads between cell development/tissue regeneration/tissue inflammation responses, and cancer development. | Keith Richard Mitchelson Wen-Yan Qin | 2015 | World Journal of Biological Chemistry2015，6，3： | 18 |
| 16 | 经直肠超声引导自动活检枪前列腺穿刺260例分析显示文摘目的 :研究经直肠超声引导自动活检枪前列腺穿刺在诊断早期前列腺癌方面的意义。方法 :患者分为两组 ,第 1组 2 30例为经每年一次 PSA筛选 ,PSA>4μg/ L而进行直肠指检 (DRE)和经直肠超声引导自动活检枪穿刺 (TRU S)加活检的澳大利亚患者 ;第 2组 30例为 DRE有可疑结节而进行 TRUS加活检的国内病例。结果 :经直肠超声引导自动活检枪前列腺穿刺所获标本取材全部优良 ,符合病理诊断的要求。第 1组检出前列腺癌82例 ,其中 T2 a期以内 80例 ,T2 b 2例 ,不典型增生 19例 ;第 2组检出前列腺癌 8例 ,其中 1例属 T2 b,已行根治性前列腺切除术 ,另外 7例至少在 T3期以上。所有患者穿刺后未发生严重并发症。结论 :经直肠超声引导自动活检枪前列腺穿刺是确诊早期前列腺癌的重要的方法 ,而且并发症少 ,值得推广。 | 白强 张华卿 王振声 李青 Keith W Kaye | 2001 | 临床泌尿外科杂志2001，16，9： | 17 |
| 17 | The practice of mine ventilation engineering显示文摘The practice of ventilation is continually evolving with new technological advances developed in the mining industry.In recent years the advances in diesel engine technologies,ventilation modeling software,and ventilation management capacities have redefined the historical methods used to evaluate systems.The advances re-evaluate previous methods used to calculate the airflow requirements for the dilution of diesel exhaust fumes.Modeling software has become an integral part of planning and developing ventilation systems in partnership with graphical mine design software packages to generate realistic representations of the mine.Significant advances in ventilation control strategies through remote sensors and monitoring capabilities have been developed to results in cost savings.Though there has been much advancement in mine ventilation technology,the practices and basic ventilation principals enacted through the ventilation engineer cannot be placated with technological advances only. | Wallace Keith Prosser Brian Stinnette J.Daniel | 2015 | International Journal of Mining Science and Technology2015，25，2： | 17 |
| 18 | Tooth regeneration: a revolution in stomatology and evolution in regenerative medicine显示文摘A tooth is a complex biological organ and consists of multiple tissues including the enamel, dentin, cementum and pulp. Tooth loss is the most common organ failure. Can a tooth be regenerated? Can adult stem cells be orchestrated to regenerate tooth structures such as the enamel, dentin, cementum and dental pulp, or even an entire tooth? If not, what are the therapeutically viable sources of stem cells for tooth regeneration? Do stem cells necessarily need to be taken out of the body, and manipulated ex vivo before they are transplanted for tooth regeneration? How can regenerated teeth be economically competitive with dental implants? Would it be possible to make regenerated teeth affordable by a large segment of the population worldwide? This review article explores existing and visionary approaches that address some of the above-mentioned questions. Tooth regeneration represents a revolution in stomatology as a shift in the paradigm from repair to regeneration: repair is by metal or artificial materials whereas regeneration is by biological restoration. Tooth regeneration is an extension of the concepts in the broad field of regenerative medicine to restore a tissue defect to its original form and function by biological substitutes. | Sibel Yildirim Susan Y. Fu Keith Kim Hong Zhou Chang Hun Lee Ang Li Sahng Gyoon Kim Shuang Wang Jeremy J. Mao | 2011 | International Journal of Oral Science2011，3，3： | 16 |
| 19 | 美国黑核桃SSR反应体系优化显示文摘优化SSR-PCR反应体系是黑核桃(Juglans nigra L.)SSR基因鉴定和群体遗传等研究的基础。本研究通过对PCR反应中Mg2+浓度、牛血清白蛋白(Bovine Serum Albumin,BSA)浓度、Taq聚合酶用量、dNTPs浓度、引物浓度和模板DNA量的组合以及PCR程序组合试验,确定了黑核桃SSR的最佳反应体系,即在10μL的PCR反应体系中,含10 ng模板DNA,0.1 mg.mL-1牛血清蛋白(BSA),0.25 mmol.L-1 dNTPs,1.5 mmol.L-1 Mg2+1μL 10XTaq DNA聚合酶反应缓冲液,0.5 U Taq聚合酶,1.0 mmol.L-1单对引物(0.5 mmol.L-13对引物)。SSR-PCR反应扩增程序为:94℃变性3 min;93℃变性15 s,50℃或者53.5℃退火1 min,72℃延伸30 s,32个循环;72℃后延伸10min,置4℃保存。利用此反应体系对黑核桃进行PCR扩增并电泳检测,其结果清晰、稳定、可靠,适合进一步对黑核桃群体遗传、基因型鉴定和分子生态研究。 | 赵鹏 Keith E.Wosete 程飞 张硕新 | 2012 | 植物研究2012，32，2： | 16 |
| 20 | Variation in needle and cone traits in natural populations of Pinus yunnanensis显示文摘Pinus yunnanensis Franch. is a major component of coniferous forests in southwestern China. Little is known about its intraspecific variation. Morphological variations in needle and cone traits of P. yunnanensis were analyzed to quantify variability among and within natural populations.Seven traits were measured on 10 needles collected from 30 trees in each of the 18 sampled populations of P. yunnanensis. Four cone traits were measured in 221 individual trees from nine populations. The results showed that there were significant differences(p \ 0.01) both among populations and within populations in each needle and cone trait.The proportion of phenotypic variation of nearly all needle and cone traits was over 50 % within populations, which showed trees within populations accounted for a majority of the total variation. The needle traits showed higher variability within population than cone traits. Variability in theneedle traits was correlated with geo-climatic parameters(longitude, latitude, altitude, temperature, and precipitation).Needle length and the ratio of needle length to fascicle sheath length showed clinal variation in response to latitudinal and altitudinal gradients. A hierarchical classification of all populations based on needle traits led to the formation of four major groups. The findings provide important genetic information for the evaluation of variation. Moreover, it will assist in management of genetic diversity of P. yunnanensis. | Yulan Xu Keith Woeste Nianhui Cai Xiangyang Kang Genqian Li Shi Chen Anan Duan | 2016 | Journal of Forestry Research2016，27，1： | 15 |
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