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| 1 | Pathophysiological consequences of obstructive jaundice and perioperative management显示文摘Background: Obstructive jaundice is a common problem in daily clinical practice. Understanding completely the pathophysiological changes in obstructive jaundice remains a challenge for planning current and future management.Data sources: A Pub Med was searched for relevant articles published up to August 2016. The effect of obstructive jaundice on proinflammatory cytokines, coagulation status, hemodynamics and organ functions were evaluated.Results: The effects of obstructive jaundice included biliary tree, the hepatic cell and liver function as well as systemic complications. The lack of bile in the gut, the disruption of the intestinal mucosal barrier,the increased absorption of endotoxin and the subsequent endotoxemia cause proinflammatory cytokine production(TNF-α, IL-6). Bilirubin induces systemic inflammatory response syndrome which may lead to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. The principal clinical manifestations include hemodynamic instability and acute renal failure, cardiovascular suppression, immune compromise, coagulation disorders,nutritional impairment, and wound healing defect. The proper management includes full replacement of water and electrolyte deficiency, prophylactic antibiotics, lactulose, vitamin K and fresh frozen plasma,albumin and dopamine. The preoperative biliary drainage has not been indicated in overall, but only in a few selected cases.Conclusion: The perioperative management is an essential measure in improving the outcome after the appropriate surgical operation in jaundiced patients especially those with malignancy. | Efstathios T Pavlidis Theodoros E Pavlidis | 2018 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2018，17，1： | 63 |
| 2 | Report of an international workshop to standardize baseline evaluation and response criteria for primary CNS lymphoma.显示文摘 | Abrey LE Batchelor TT Ferreri A J Gospodarowicz M Pulczynski EJ Zucca E Smith JR Korfel A Soussain C DeAngelis LM Neuwelt EA O′Neill BP Thiel E Shenkier T Graus F van den Bent M Seymour JF Poortmans P Armitage JO Cavalli F | 2005 | 中国神经肿瘤杂志2005，3，3： | 53 |
| 3 | 含油污泥回转式连续热解——质能平衡及产物分析显示文摘含油污泥是石油开采和石油化工行业中最常见的工业固体废物,而热解技术由于具有能量或物质回收效率高,环境污染小的特点,也已成为继焚烧技术之后又一重要的固体废物处理技术.在一台处理量为1~2kg·h^-1的回转式连续反应器上进行了含油污泥热解的实验研究,以氩气为反应气氛,热解温度为550℃,并对气、液、固三相产物进行了详细的分析.结果表明:实验的质量和能量平衡误差分别在10%和15%以内,有效地回收了含油污泥中的挥发性有机物VOCs和半挥发性有机物SVOCs,气液固产物的质量比分别为10%、20%和70%,其中热解气体(含载气)的热值为11MJ·m^-3,主要成分为甲烷、二氧化碳、乙烷和氢气等;同时测定了热解油的物化性质、馏分和元素组成,并结合GC-MS分析了主要芳香烃的分布,分析所得热解油以柴油馏分(75%)为主,热值可达43MJ·kg^-1左右,可直接作燃料油使用,但其杂原子和芳香烃含量较高,油品质量与成品油还有一定差距;此外对热解固体残渣的分析显示,残渣以沙粒为主,含碳量在4%~6%之间,且固定了大多数金属元素(Pb、Cr、Ni除外),可用于铺路或建材. | 陈超 李水清 岳长涛 Kruttschnitt T Pruckner E 姚强 | 2006 | 化工学报2006，57，3： | 44 |
| 4 | AGNP精神科治疗药物监测共识指南:2011显示文摘治疗药物监测(Therapeutic drug monitoring,TDM),如通过定量测定血清或血浆药物浓度指导用药剂量优化,已经成为对患者进行精神药物治疗的很有价值的工具。在患者用药依从性难以判断、药物耐受性不佳、治疗剂量下无效以及可能存在药代动力学药物-药物相互作用等情况下,测定药物浓度是很有用的。在精神科,有可能明显获益于TDM的主要患者群体包括儿童、孕妇、老年患者、智力障碍患者、涉及司法的患者、已知或怀疑携带药代动力学相关基因变异的患者,以及合并躯体疾病影响药代动力学的患者。然而,只有将TDM充分整合到临床治疗过程中去,才能发挥其优化药物治疗的潜在优势。为了促进TDM的合理应用,神经精神药理学与药物精神病学协会(Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie,AGNP)的TDM专家组在2004年发表了精神药物治疗药物监测指南。之后,随着知识不断更新,又有许多可能需要进行TDM的新药上市。因此,本次更新将神经精神药物的种类扩展到了128种,并将其TDM必要性划分为从'强烈推荐'到'可能有用'的四个等级。经过大量细致且全面的文献检索与分门别类的汇总整理,将基于循证医学理念的'治疗参考浓度范围'和'剂量相关参考浓度范围'呈现给大家。本共识指南引入了'实验室警戒浓度'的新概念,即实验室需要马上告知治疗医生的药物浓度上限。本共识指南还给出了诸如药物作为细胞色素P450酶的底物和抑制剂的性质,代谢物与母药浓度比值的常见范围,以及与结果解释相关的内容,还提供了何时将TDM与遗传药理学检测相结合的建议。遵循本指南,有助于改善许多患者精神药物治疗的效果,特别是那些存在药代动力学异常的患者。TDM是一门交叉学科,有时针对看起来不一致的数据,需要多学科坦诚地讨论,只有这样,患者才能从这种合作中获益。 | Hiemke C Baumann P Bergemann N Conca A Dietmaier O Egberts K Fric M Gerlach M Greiner C Gründer G Haen E Havemann-Reinecke U Jaquenoud Sirot E Kirchherr H Laux G Lutz UC Messer T Müller MJ Pfuhlmann B Rambeck B Riederer P Schoppek B Stingl J Uhr M Ulrich S Waschgler R Zernig G 李文标(译) 果伟(译) 阮灿军(译) 贺静(译) 汤宜朗(审校) 王传跃(审校) | 2016 | 实用药物与临床2016，19，10： | 37 |
| 5 | Diabetes mellitus related bone metabolism and periodontal disease显示文摘Diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease are chronic diseases affecting a large number of populations worldwide.Changed bone metabolism is one of the important long-term complications associated with diabetes mellitus.Alveolar bone loss is one of the main outcomes of periodontitis,and diabetes is among the primary risk factors for periodontal disease.In this review,we summarise the adverse effects of diabetes on the periodontium in periodontitis subjects,focusing on alveolar bone loss.Bone remodelling begins with osteoclasts resorbing bone,followed by new bone formation by osteoblasts in the resorption lacunae.Therefore,we discuss the potential mechanism of diabetes-enhanced bone loss in relation to osteoblasts and osteoclasts. | Ying-Ying Wu E Xiao Dana T Graves | 2015 | International Journal of Oral Science2015，7，2： | 30 |
| 6 | Advances in prognostic factors in acute pancreatitis:a mini-review显示文摘BACKGROUND:Early assessment of the severity of acute pancreatitis is essential to the proper management of the disease.It is dependent on the criteria of the Atlanta classification system.DATA SOURCES:PubMed search of recent relevant articles was performed to identify information about the severity and prognosis of acute pancreatitis.RESULTS:The scoring systems included the Ranson's or Glasgow's criteria ≥3,the APACHE II classification system ≥8,and the Balthazar's criteria ≥4 according to the computed tomography enhanced scanning findings.The single factors on admission included age >65 years,obesity,hemoconcentration(>44%),abnormal chest X-ray,creatinine >2 mg/dl,C-reactive protein>150 mg/dl,procalcitonin >1.8 ng/ml,albumin <2.5 mg/dl,calcium <8.5 mg/dl,early hyperglycemia,increased intra-abdominal pressure,macrophage migration inhibitory factor,or a combination of IL-10 >50 pg/ml with calcium <6.6 mg/dl.CONCLUSION:The prediction of the severity of acute pancreatitis is largely based on well defined multiple factor scoring systems as well as several single risk factors. | Theodoros E Pavlidis Efstathios T Pavlidis Athanasios K Sakantamis | 2010 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2010，9，5： | 25 |
| 7 | Role of bevacizumab in colorectal cancer growth and its adverse effects:A review显示文摘Angiogenesis affects both wound healing and malignant cell growth through nutrients and oxygen.Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) is the most important element involved in this complex process.Inhibition of VEGF influences angiogenesis and may restrict tumor growth and metastatic ability.Modern antiangiogenic therapy is based on this theory.Bevacizumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody(immunoglobulin G1) which binds with VEGF-A forming a large molecule.It can not be bound with VEGF tyrosine kinase receptors preventing VEGF-A incorporation;thus its activity is inhibited inducing blockage of VEGFmediated angiogenesis.Bevacizumab,in combination with chemotherapy or other novel targeted therapeutic agents,is currently used more frequently in clinical practice,mainly for managing advanced colorectal cancer.It is also used for managing other malignancies,such as breast cancer,pancreatic cancer,prostate cancer,non small-cell lung cancer,metastatic renal carcinoma and ovarian tumors.Although it is generally considered a safe treatment,there are reports of some rare side effects which should be taken into account.Recent experiments in rats and mice show promising results with a wider therapeutic range. | Efstathios T Pavlidis Theodoros E Pavlidis | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，31： | 24 |
| 8 | OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF GeO_2 AND Ge NANOCRYSTALS显示文摘he co m pound m aterial of n m size particles Ge O2 Si O2 w as synthesied through hydrolysis of Si( O C2 H4) and Ge Cl4 . A heat treatm ent w as carried out for the sa m ples at 100 ~1200 ℃in air . Its optical property w as deter mined by U V Vis spectur m . We have found that theabsorption edge of spectru m shifted progressively to longer w avelengths . The quantu m size ef fect of nanocrystals appears because crystals gro w and energy of optical band gap reduces d ueto the influence of te m perature . By the analysis of X ray diffraction w e have observed theprocess in w hich the structure of particles changed fro m disorder into order . | Y.H.Zhou 1) ,Y.Y.Feng 2) and H.Y.Lu 2) 1)Department of Physics Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097,China 2)Physics and Ch寁O P T I C A L P R O P E R T I E S O F Ge O2 A N D Ge N A N O C R Y S T A L S Y. H. Zhou1) , Y. Y. Feng2) | 1999 | Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters)1999，12，5： | 22 |
| 9 | 美国国立老化研究所与阿尔茨海默病协会诊断指南写作组:阿尔茨海默病临床前阶段的定义显示文摘阿尔茨海默病(AD)的病理生理过程在痴呆诊断的多年前就开始了。这一长期的AD“临床前”阶段是治疗干预的关键机会,但需进一步阐明AD的病理级联过程和临床症状出现之间的联系。美国国立老化研究所和AD协会召集了一个国际工作组对AD生物标志物、流行病学和神经心理学的证据进行综述并提出建议,以确定能够预测由“正常”认知到轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)及AD痴呆的最佳预测指标。根据目前已有的主要科学证据,我们提出了一个概念性的框架和用于操作的研究标准,以通过纵向临床研究来验证和改进这些模型。这些建议仅用于研究目的,目前不涉及临床应用。我们希望这些建议能提供一个共识,以推进临床前AD的研究,最终推动更早期治疗干预的进展,使得一些疾病减缓药物的疗效发挥最大。 | Sperling RA Aisen PS Beckett LA Bennett DA Craft S Fagan AM Iwatsubo T Jack CR Jr Kaye J Montine TJ Park DC Reiman EM Rowe CC Siemers E Stern Y Yaffe K Carrillo MC Thies B Morrison-Bogorad M Wagster MV Phelps CH 贾建平(译) 郭起浩(译) 黄丽(译) 陆璐(译) 张逸驰(译) 邢怡(译) | 2012 | 中华神经科杂志2012，45，5： | 22 |
| 10 | 世界卫生组织(WHO)造血与淋巴组织肿瘤分类方案:临床顾问委员会会议报告显示文摘引言 :从 1995年开始 ,欧洲病理学工作者协会和血液病理学会一直致力于制定一个新的世界卫生组织 (WHO)血液恶性肿瘤分类方案 ,该分类方案包括淋巴系肿瘤、髓系肿瘤、组织细胞肿瘤和肥大细胞肿瘤。 材料与方法 :此项 WHO计划共组成十个病理学工作者委员会 ,负责确定病种和作出定义。另外还成立一个由国际血液学家和肿瘤学家组成的临床顾问委员会 (CAC)以保证该分类的临床实用性。 1997年 11月召开会议讨论了与该分类有关的临床问题。 结果 :WHO采纳了 1994年国际淋巴瘤研究组 (IL SG)报告的修订欧美淋巴系肿瘤分类 (REAL)方案作为淋巴系肿瘤的分类方案。该方案的分类方法遵循以下原则 :分类应是联合应用形态学、免疫表型、遗传特征及临床特征能够清楚界定的“真实存在”(“real”)病种的名录 ,上述各项特征的相对重要性因病种不同而异 ,不存在任何“金标准”。 WHO将 REAL分类原则延用于髓系肿瘤和组织细胞肿瘤 ,髓系肿瘤的分类包括联合应用细胞形态学和细胞遗传学异常能够界定的各个病种。围绕一系列临床问题召集的这次 CAC会议 ,就提交的大多数问题达成共识 ,这些问题及共识将详述于下。对于另外一些问题 ,CAC认为淋巴系肿瘤临床分组既无必要也不必需 ,患者的治疗取决于淋巴瘤的具体类型 ,如有? | N L Harris E S Jaffe J Diebold G Flandrin H K Muller-Hermelink J Vardiman T A Lister C D Bloomfield 张凤奎 郝玉书 | 2001 | 白血病.淋巴瘤2001，10，3： | 20 |
| 11 | Necrotizing enterocolitis: A multifactorial disease with no cure显示文摘Necrotizing enterocolitis is an inflammatory bowel disease of neonates with significant morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Due to the multifactorial nature o the disease and limitations in disease models, early diagnosis remains challenging and the pathogenesis elusive. Although preterm birth, hypoxic-ischemic events formula feeding, and abnormal bacteria colonization are established risk factors, the role of genetics and vasoactive/inflammatory mediators is unclear Consequently, treatments do not target the specific underlying disease processes and are symptomatic and surgically invasive. Breast-feeding is the most effective preventative measure. Recent advances in the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis have focused on bioactive nutrients and trophic factors in human milk. Developmen of new disease models including the aspect of prematurity that consistently predisposes neonates to the disease with multiple risk factors will improve our understanding of the pathogenesis and lead to discovery of innovative therapeutics. | Kareena L Schnabl John E Van Aerde Alan BR Thomson Michael T Clandinin | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，14： | 19 |
| 12 | Mitochondrial ROS fuel the inflammasome显示文摘 | Matthew T Sorbara Stephen E Girardin | 2011 | Cell Research2011，21，4： | 16 |
| 13 | 下肢浅静脉治疗术后的加压疗法:美国静脉论坛血管、外科学会、美国静脉学会、血管医学学会和国际静脉联盟的临床实践指南显示文摘一、指南的由来下肢浅静脉治疗术后应用压力治疗的方式是几代血管外科医师多年临床经验积累所得,现主要应用于大隐静脉剥脱术、下肢静脉点状剥脱术及静脉硬化治疗等。目前单就静脉硬化治疗而言,术后压力治疗的推荐也是基于相关文献及实验验证[1],但对于其他术式,尤其是对于大隐静脉的热消融术,目前还没有形成规范统一的建议,这也使得当前的压力治疗具有很大的临床差异性。 | Lurie F Lal BK Antignani PL Blebea J Bush R Caprini J Davies A Forrestal M Jacobowitz G Kalodiki E Killewich L Lohr J Ma H Mosti G Partsch H Rooke T Wakefield T 李丹(译) 陈程浩(译) 牛传强(译) 张靖(译) 黄建忠(译) | 2020 | 中华介入放射学电子杂志2020，8，4： | 16 |
| 14 | 幽门螺杆菌感染处理的当前观念——MaastrichtⅢ共识报告显示文摘名词缩写欧洲幽门螺杆菌研究小组:European Helicobacter Study Group,EHSG胃食管反流病:gastro-esophageal reflux disease。 | P Malfertheiner F Megraud C O'Morain F Bazzoli E El-Omar D Graham R Hunt T Rokkas N Vakil EJ Kuipers 朱琦 | 2007 | 胃肠病学2007，12，3： | 15 |
| 15 | Effect of Helicobacter pylori on gastric epithelial cells显示文摘The gastrointestinal epithelium has cells with features that make them a powerful line of defense in innate mucosal immunity. Features that allow gastrointestinal epithelial cells to contribute in innate defense include cell barrier integrity, cell turnover, autophagy, and innate immune responses. Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) is a spiral shape gram negative bacterium that selectively colonizes the gastric epithelium of more than half of the world's population. The infection invariably becomes persistent due to highly specialized mechanisms that facilitate H. pylori 's avoidance of this initial line of host defense as well as adaptive immune mechanisms. The host response is thus unsuccessful in clearing the infection and as a result becomes established as a persistent infection promoting chronic inflammation. In some individuals the associated inflammation contributes to ulcerogenesis or neoplasia. H. pylori has an array of different strategies to interact intimately with epithelial cells and manipulate their cellular processes and functions. Among the multiple aspects that H. pylori affects in gastric epithelial cells are their distribution of epithelial junctions, DNA damage, apoptosis, proliferation, stimulation of cytokine production, and cell transformation. Some of these processes are initiated as a result of the activation of signaling mechanisms activated on binding of H. pylori to cell surface receptors or via soluble virulence factors that gain access to the epithelium. The multiple responses by the epithelium to the infection contribute to pathogenesis associated with H. pylori. | Shatha Alzahrani Taslima T Lina Jazmin Gonzalez Irina V Pinchuk Ellen J Beswick Victor E Reyes | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，36： | 15 |
| 16 | 内脏脂肪组织通过产生骨桥蛋白调控成纤维细胞衰老促进心脏衰老显示文摘老化通过增加包括骨桥蛋白(osteopontin,OPN)在内的细胞外基质(extracellular matrix,ECM)蛋白的沉积引起心脏结构和功能改变进而导致进行性间质纤维化。虽然已知OPN参与各种病理状况,但其在心肌衰老中的作用仍不清楚。 | Sawaki D Czibik G Pini M Ternacle J Suffee N Mercedes R Marcelin G Surenaud M Marcos E Gual P Clément K Hue S Adnot S Hatem SN Tsuchimochi I Yoshimitsu T Hénégar C Derumeaux G 刘青 叶鹏 | 2018 | 中华高血压杂志2018，26，3： | 14 |
| 17 | 6min步行试验中不同指令对行走距离的影响显示文摘6min步行试验(6-minwalktest,6MWT)作为测定心肺功能的一种方法,一直以使患者走的尽可能远为目标,然而,特定的步行指令对患者6MWT测定的影响尚不清楚。方法:纳入肺动脉高压(pulmonaryarterialhypertension,PAH)、特发性肺间质纤维化(idiopathicpulmonaryfibrosis,IPF)和其他类型的间质性肺疾病(interstitiallungdisease,ILD)患者, | 刘莉 叶鹏 Weir NA Brown AW Shlobin OA Smith MA Reffett T Battle E Ahmad S Nathan SD | 2014 | 中华高血压杂志2014，22，2： | 13 |
| 18 | 癌胚蛋白Glypican-3鉴别卵黄囊瘤与卵巢透明细胞癌显示文摘 | Esheba G E Pate L L Longacre T A 郎志强(摘译) | 2008 | 临床与实验病理学杂志2008，24，5： | 13 |
| 19 | Diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding: A practical guide for clinicians显示文摘Gastrointestinal bleeding is a common problem encountered in the emergency department and in the primary care setting. Acute or overt gastrointestinal bleeding is visible in the form of hematemesis, melena or hematochezia. Chronic or occult gastrointestinal bleeding is notapparent to the patient and usually presents as positive fecal occult blood or iron deficiency anemia. Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding is recurrent bleeding when the source remains unidentified after upper endoscopy and colonoscopic evaluation and is usually from the small intestine. Accurate clinical diagnosis is crucial and guides definitive investigations and interventions. This review summarizes the overall diagnostic approach to gastrointestinal bleeding and provides a practical guide for clinicians. | Bong Sik Matthew Kim Bob T Li Alexander Engel Jaswinder S Samra Stephen Clarke Ian D Norton Angela E Li | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology2014，5，4： | 13 |
| 20 | Current opinion on lymphadenectomy in pancreatic cancer surgery显示文摘BACKGROUND:Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas exhibits aggressive behavior in growth,inducing an extremely poor prognosis with an overall median 5-year survival rate of only 1%-4%.Curative resection is the only potential therapeutic opportunity. DATA SOURCES:A PubMed search of relevant articles published up to 2009 was performed to identify information about the value of lymphadenectomy and its extent in curative resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. RESULTS:Despite recent advances in chemotherapy,radio-therapy or even immunotherapy,surgery still remains the major factor that affects the outcome.The initial promising performance in Japan gave conflicting results in Western countries for the extended and more radical pancreatectomy; it has failed to prove beneficial.Four prospective,randomized trials on extended versus standard lymphadenectomy during pancreatic cancer surgery have shown no improvement in long-term survival by the extended resection.The exact lymph node status,including malignant spread and the total number retrieved as well as the lymph node ratio,is the most important prognostic factor.Positive lymph nodes after pancreatectomy are present in 70%.Paraaortic lymph node spread indicates poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS:Undoubtedly,a standard lymphadenectomy including>15 lymph nodes must be no longer preferred in patients with the usual head location.The extended lymphadenectomy does not have any place,unless in randomized trials.In cases with body or tail location,the radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy gives promising results.Nevertheless,accurate localization and detailed examination of the resected specimen are required for better staging. | Theodoros E Pavlidis Efstathios T Pavlidis Athanasios K Sakantamis | 2011 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2011，10，1： | 12 |
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