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| 1 | Water resource utilization efficiency and spatial spillover effects in China显示文摘基于水脚印和灰色的省的面板数据浇脚印,并且在数据包封分析的帮助下当模特儿就而言并且没有考虑不受欢迎的产量,这份报纸从 1997 ~ 2011 在中国估计水资源利用效率。空间 weighting 矩阵基于经济空间的距离功能被建立讨论水资源利用效率的空间自相关。在绝对集中模型的帮助下,这份报纸断定那在那里存在在水资源利用效率的集中。在考虑并且没有考虑不受欢迎的产量的条件下面,完成集中的一半的程度分别地花大约 52.6 和 5.6 年。由空间 Durbin econometric 模型的平均数,这份报纸在中国学习省的水资源利用效率的空间溢出效果。结果如下。1 ) 与考虑并且没有考虑不受欢迎的产量,在在中国的省的水资源效率有重要空间关联。2 ) 在二个盒子下面,空间 autoregressive 系数() 分别地是 0.278 和 0.507,在 1% 意义水平。在那里存在省的水资源利用效率的空间溢出效果。3 ) 与考虑不受欢迎的产量,教育资金的这些因素,交通基础结构,和工业、农业的水消费比例有积极影响。外国直接投资的这些因素,工业增值水消费每 1 万,元,人均的水消费,和全部的降水有否定影响。4 ) 没有考虑不受欢迎的产量, GDP 的因素在水资源利用效率上每劳动者有更大的积极重要影响。然而,在 1 万元和交通基础结构的工业增值水消费的事实没有重要影响。5 ) 不管水资源利用效率的不受欢迎的输出,对在中国的现在的真实的水资源利用的评价将被弄歪,政策制定的愿望被误导。就环境因素而言的水效率措施(例如灰色的水脚印) 是更合理的。 | SUN Caizhi ZHAO Liangshi ZOU Wei ZHENG Defeng | 2014 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2014，24，5： | 29 |
| 2 | The roles of heterogeneous chemical processes in the formation of an air pollution complex and gray haze显示文摘Urban and regional air pollutions are characterized by high concentrations of secondary pollutants such as photo-oxidants (mainly ozone) and fine particulate matter,which are formed through chemical reactions of the primary pollutants emitted from various sources.The accumulation of these pollutants under stagnant meteorological conditions results in the formation of gray haze,reducing visibility and causing major impacts on human health and climate.In an air pollution complex,the coexistence of high concentrations of primary and secondary gaseous and particulate pollutants provides a large amount of reactants for heterogeneous reactions on the surface of fine particles;these reactions change the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere,as well as chemical compositions along with the physicochemical and optical properties of particulate matter,thereby accelerating formation of the air pollution complex and gray haze.Using in situ technologies,such as diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transform spectroscopy and single-particle Raman spectroscopy,we systematically investigated the reaction kinetics and mechanisms of gaseous pollutants (i.e.,NO2,SO2,O3,and formaldehyde) on the surfaces of the major components of atmospheric particles such as CaCO3,kaolinite,montmorillonite,NaCl,sea salt,Al2O3,and TiO2.We found that the main reaction products were sulfate,nitrate,or formate,which can change the hygroscopicity and light extinction parameters of those particles significantly.By analyzing the reaction kinetics of these heterogeneous reactions,we identified synergetic mechanisms of the three ternary reaction systems,i.e.,NO2-particlesH2O,SO2-particles-O3,and organics/SO2-particles–UV illumination.These synergetic mechanisms can provide experimental and theoretical bases for understanding the feedback mechanisms and nonlinear processes in the formation of an air pollution complex and gray haze. | ZHU Tong,SHANG Jing & ZHAO DeFeng State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China | 2011 | Science China Chemistry2011，54，1： | 24 |
| 3 | Raman micro-spectrometry as a technique for investigating heterogeneous reactions on individual atmospheric particles显示文摘Investigating the heterogeneous reaction on individual atmospheric particles is important because it approximates actual atmospheric conditions and can aid in reducing artifacts in elucidating real mechanisms and processes,and determining real kinetic parameters of the atmosphere relevance.This study developed a Raman microspectrometry method to investigate heterogeneous reactions on individual particles.The method was applied to the reaction of NO2 with individual CaCO3 particles.It was demonstrated that Raman microspectrometry can obtain information on both chemical composition and microscopic morphology at the same time,as well as information on chemical characteristics,such as the phase,which is useful for studying reaction processes.Raman spectra of individual particles deposited on a substrate showed no interference by morphological resonance,which is helpful for obtaining high-quality spectra.Moreover,Raman microspectrometry was compared with other methods for investigating heterogeneous reactions on individual particles and was found to have several advantageous characteristics. | ZHAO DeFeng,ZHU Tong,CHEN Qi,LIU YingJun & ZHANG ZeFeng State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China | 2011 | Science China Chemistry2011，54，1： | 5 |
| 4 | Research on cracking mechanism of the thin shell mould in expendable pattern shell casting during pattern removal process显示文摘Aiming at the cracking phenomenon of the thin shell mould in the expendable pattern shell casting during the pattern removing process, some systemic researches are presented.The influence of the pattern removing method and temperature on the pattern removing were investigated.The shell mould cracking mechanism was analyzed by using thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), and combining the temperature field and the volume change of the expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam pattern being tested.The results indicated that the shell mould was not easily cracked when the pattern removing process was carried out with the furnace being heated little by little because of the shell slowly shrinking with dehydration and shell strength gradually increasing.The shell mould was soon destroyed when it was set directly into the furnace at above 400 oC because of the thin shell mould rapidly shrinking and the foam pattern hindering.However, the shell mould had no cracking when it had been preheated for a long time even if the furnace temperature was above 400 oC and the shell was put into the furnace directly.Moreover, when the shell mould was directly set into the furnace at lower temperatures, 250 to 300 ℃, the shell would shrink slowly and the foam pattern would stay at the maximum expansion stage temperature of 100 to 110 ℃ for a long time; and the shell mould would experience an expansion force from the foam pattern for a long time.The expansion force is related to the pattern removing temperature, holding time, foam pattern thickness and density.Therefore, the foam pattern with higher density could make the shell crack. | Jiang Wenming Fan Zitian Liao Defeng Zhao Zhong | 2010 | China Foundry2010，7，3： | 3 |
| 5 | RNA-Seq Study Reveals AP2-Domain-Containing Signalling Regulators Involved in Initial Imbibition of Seed Germination in Rice显示文摘A number of internal signals are required for seed germination.However,the precise signalling responses in the initial imbibition of seed germination are not yet fully understood in rice.In this study,the RNA sequencing(RNA-Seq)approach was conducted in 8 h imbibed seeds to understand the signalling responses in the initial imbibition of rice seed germination.A total of 563 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)with at least 4-fold change were identified in 8 h imbibed seeds compared to dry seeds.MapMan analysis revealed that the majority of signalling response-related DEGs were hormone-and transcription factor-related genes,in which the largest number of DEGs belong to the AP2-domain-containing regulators,and their expressions were significantly induced in the initial imbibition of seed germination in rice.Moreover,at least five AP2-domain-containing transcription factor OsDREBs were identified in the initial imbibition of rice seed germination,and the expressions of 251 DEGs were putatively regulated by OsDREBs through the dehydration-responsive element(DRE)cis-element assay.It suggested that the OsDREBs might play important roles in the regulation of initial seed imbibition in rice.The identified genes provide a valuable resource to study the signalling regulation of seed germination in the future. | HE Yongqi ZHAO Jia FENG Defeng HUANG Zhibo LIANG Jiaming ZHENG Yufei CHENG Jinping YING Jifeng WANG Zhoufei | 2020 | Rice science2020，27，4： | 2 |
| 6 | Heterogeneous reaction of NO_2 on the surface of montmorillonite particles显示文摘The studies on heterogeneous reactions over montmorillonite,which is a typical 2:1 layered aluminosilicate,will benefit to the understanding of heterogeneous reactions on clay minerals.Montmorillonite can be classified as sodium montmorillonite or calcium montmorillonite depending on the cation presented between the different layers.Using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(DRIFTS),the heterogeneous reaction mechanism of NO2 on the surface of montmorillonite was firstly investigated.Results showed that the reaction of NO2 on the surface of sodium and calcium montmorillonite fit a first-order kinetics,and the reaction duration of calcium montmorillonite was longer than that of sodium montmorillonite under the dry condition.For either sodium or calcium montmorillonite,the uptake coefficient decreased as humidity increased. | Zefeng Zhang Jing Shang Tong Zhu Hongjun Li Defeng Zhao Yingju Liu Chunxiang Ye | 2012 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2012，24，10： | 2 |
| 7 | A Smoothing Newton-Type Algorithm of Stronger Convergence for the Quadratically Constrained Convex Quadratic Programming显示文摘 | Zheng-Hai Huang Defeng Sun Gongyun Zhao | 2006 | Computational Optimization and Applications2006，，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Synthesis and antimicrobial use of cationic monoazo dyes incorporating quaternary ammonium salts显示文摘 | Ma Jiang Zhao Defeng | 2007 | Dyes and Pigments2007，75，2： | 1 |
| 9 | Fabrication of large-area uniform carbon nanotube foams as near-critical-density targets for laser–plasma experiments显示文摘Carbon nanotube foams(CNFs)have been successfully used as near-critical-density targets in the laser-driven acceleration of high-energy ions and electrons.Here we report the recent advances in the fabrication technique of such targets.With the further developed floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition(FCCVD)method,large-area(>25 cm^(2))and highly uniform CNFs are successfully deposited on nanometer-thin metal or plastic foils as double-layer targets.The density and thickness of the CNF can be controlled in the range of 1−13 mg/cm^(3)and 10−200µm,respectively,by varying the synthesis parameters.The dependence of the target properties on the synthesis parameters and the details of the target characterization methods are presented for the first time. | Pengjie Wang Guijun Qi Zhuo Pan Defeng Kong Yinren Shou Jianbo Liu Zhengxuan Cao Zhusong Mei Shirui Xu Zhipeng Liu Shiyou Chen Ying Gao Jiarui Zhao Wenjun Ma | 2021 | High Power Laser Science and Engineering2021，9，2： | 1 |
| 10 | Synthesis and properties of disperse dyes containing a built-in triazine stabilizer显示文摘 | SUN Yanfeng ZHAO Defeng HAROLD S F | 2007 | Dyes and Pigments2007，74，： | 1 |
| 11 | Using X-ray computed tomography and micro-Raman spectrometry to measure individual particle surface area, volume, and morphology towards investigating atmospheric heterogeneous reactions显示文摘Heterogeneous reactions on the aerosol particle surface in the atmosphere play important roles in air pollution, climate change, and global biogeochemical cycles. However, the reported uptake coefficients of heterogeneous reactions usually have large variations and may not be relevant to real atmospheric conditions. One of the major reasons for this is the use of bulk samples in laboratory experiments, while particles in the atmosphere are suspended individually. A number of technologies have been developed recently to study heterogeneous reactions on the surfaces of individual particles. Precise measurements on the reactive surface area, volume, and morphology of individual particles are necessary for calculating the uptake coefficient, quantifying reactants and products, and understanding the reaction mechanism better. In this study, for the first time we used synchrotron radiation X-ray computed tomography(XCT) and micro-Raman spectrometry to measure individual CaCO_3 particle morphology, with sizes ranging from 3.5–6.5 μm. Particle surface area and volume were calculated using a reconstruction method based on software threedimensional(3-D) rendering. The XCT was first validated with high-resolution fieldemission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM) to acquire accurate CaCO_3 particle surface area and volume estimates. Our results showed an average difference of only 6.1% in surface area and 3.2% in volume measured either by micro-Raman spectrometry or X-ray tomography. X-ray tomography and FE-SEM can provide more morphological details of individual Ca CO3 particles than micro-Raman spectrometry. This study demonstrated that X-ray computed tomography and micro-Raman spectrometry can precisely measure the surface area, volume, and morphology of an individual particle. | Mingjin Wang Nan Zheng Tong Zhu Jing Shang Ting Yu Xiaojuan Song Defeng Zhao Yong Guan Yangchao Tian | 2018 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2018，30，7： | 1 |
| 12 | Synthesis and properties of disperse dyes containing a built-in triazine stabilizer显示文摘 | SUN Yanfeng ZHAO Defeng FREEMAN H S | 2007 | Dyes and Pigments2007，，74： | 1 |
| 13 | Characterization and overexpression of a-hydrogenase gene of a novel hydrogen-producing bacterium ethanoligenens harbinense显示文摘 | ZHAO XIN XING DEFENG ZHANG LU | 2010 | International Journal of Hydrogen Energy2010，35，： | 1 |
| 14 | Heterogeneous reaction of NO_2 with sea salt particles显示文摘To understand how NO2 reacts with sea salt particles in the atmosphere of Mega-cities in coastal zones,the heterogeneous reaction of NO2 on the surface of wet sea salt was investigated with diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and ion chromatography (IC).Kinetic measurements indicated that nitrate formation on sea salt was second order in NO 2 concentration and reactive uptake coefficients were (5.51 ± 0.19) × 10-7 and 1.26 × 10-6 respectively under 0% and 20% relative humidity (RH) at NO 2 molecular concentration of 1.96 × 1015 mol/cm3.The results showed that liquid water was formed at the site of MgCl2·6H2O,CaCl2·2H2O on the surface of sea salt and made the reaction more sustainable by releasing hydrated water and absorbing water from air even under a low RH (30%).Therefore,pure NaCl particles should not be used to represent sea salt in studies of the heterogeneous reaction with NO2. | YE ChunXiang 1,LI HongJun 1,ZHU Tong 1,SHANG Jing 1,ZHANG ZeFeng 1,2 & ZHAO DeFeng 1 1 State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China 2 College of Atmospheric Physics,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China | 2010 | Science China Chemistry2010，53，12： | 1 |
| 15 | Microbial community structure of ethanol type fermentation in bio-hydrogen production 显示文摘 | Ren Nanqi Xing Defeng Rittmann B E Zhao Lihua Xie Tianhui Zhao Xin | 2007 | Environmental Microbiology2007，9，5： | 1 |
| 16 | A Smoothing Newton-Type Algorithm of Stronger Convergence for the Quadratically Constrained Convex Quadratic Programming显示文摘 | Zheng-Hai Huang Defeng Sun Gongyun Zhao | 2006 | Computational Optimization and Applications2006，，2： | 1 |
| 17 | Semismoothness of solutions to generalized equations and the Moreau-Yosida regularization显示文摘 | Meng Fanwen Sun Defeng Zhao Gongyun | 2005 | Mathematical Programming2005，104，23： | 1 |
| 18 | High-energy-density plasma in femtosecond-laser-irradiated nanowire-array targets for nuclear reactions显示文摘In this work,the high-energy-density plasmas(HEDP)evolved from joule-class-femtosecond-laser-irradiated nanowire-array(NWA)targets were numerically and experimentally studied.The results of particle-in-cell simulations indicate that ions accelerated in the sheath field around the surfaces of the nanowires are eventually confined in a plasma,contributing most to the high energy densities.The protons emitted from the front surfaces of the NWA targets provide rich information about the interactions that occur.We give the electron and ion energy densities for broad target parameter ranges.The ion energy densities from NWA targets were found to be an order of magnitude higher than those from planar targets,and the volume of the HEDP was several-fold greater.At optimal target parameters,8%of the laser energy can be converted to confined protons,and this results in ion energy densities at the GJ/cm^(3) level.In the experiments,the measured energy of the emitted protons reached 4 MeV,and the changes in energy with the NWA’s parameters were found to fit the simulation results well.Experimental measurements of neutrons from 2H(d,n)3He fusion with a yield of(24±18)×10^(6)/J from deuterated polyethylene NWA targets also confirmed these results. | Defeng Kong Guoqiang Zhang Yinren Shou Shirui Xu Zhusong Mei Zhengxuan Cao Zhuo Pan Pengjie Wang Guijun Qi Yao Lou Zhiguo Ma Haoyang Lan Wenzhao Wang Yunhui Li Peter Rubovic Martin Veselsky Aldo Bonasera Jiarui Zhao Yixing Geng Yanying Zhao Changbo Fu Wen Luo Yugang Ma Xueqing Yan Wenjun Ma | 2022 | Matter and Radiation at Extremes2022，7，6： | 1 |
| 19 | Research review on the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Viburnum opulus显示文摘Viburnum opulus,belonging to Viburnum of Caprifoliaceae family,is commonly used as a Chinese herbal medicine.Many chemical constituents have been isolated from V.opulus,including flavonoids,flavone glycosides,volatile oils and terpenoids.It has antioxidant,antibacterial,antispasmodic,and anticancer effects.V.opulus,with a variety of chemical constituents and remarkable activities,has attracted wide attention.Hence,this report is presented as a review centered on the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of V.opulus,in order to provide reference for further research and development of Viburnum opulus. | Defeng Liu Ming Bai Peng Zhao Xiaoxiao Huang | 2022 | Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines2022，17，2： | 0 |
| 20 | Synchronous post-acceleration of laser-driven protons in helical coil targets by controlling the current dispersion显示文摘Post-acceleration of protons in helical coil targets driven by intense,ultrashort laser pulses can enhance ion energy by utilizing the transient current from the targets’self-discharge.The acceleration length of protons can exceed a few millimeters,and the acceleration gradient is of the order of GeV/m.How to ensure the synchronization between the accelerating electric field and the protons is a crucial problem for efficient post-acceleration.In this paper,we study how the electric field mismatch induced by current dispersion affects the synchronous acceleration of protons.We propose a scheme using a two-stage helical coil to control the current dispersion.With optimized parameters,the energy gain of protons is increased by four times.Proton energy is expected to reach 45 MeV using a hundreds-of-terawatts laser,or more than 100 MeV using a petawatt laser,by controlling the current dispersion. | Zhipeng Liu Zhusong Mei Defeng Kong Zhuo Pan Shirui Xu Ying Gao Yinren Shou Pengjie Wang Zhengxuan Cao Yulan Liang Ziyang Peng Jiarui Zhao Shiyou Chen Tan Song Xun Chen Tianqi Xu Xueqing Yan Wenjun Ma | 2023 | High Power Laser Science and Engineering2023，11，4： | 0 |
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