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| 1 | Analysis of status and countermeasures of cancer incidence and mortality in China显示文摘Cancer is the leading cause of human deaths in the world and produces serious economic burdens. On September 12, 2018, the academic journal A Cancer Journal for Clinicians published an article about the latest statistics of cancers worldwide, which provided a status report on the global burden of 36 cancers in 185 countries worldwide. Cancer has also become a serious public health problem in China and caused more and more attention of the government and people in recent years. This review analyzes the incidence, mortality and prevalent trend of cancers in China, discusses the reasons behind this status, and reviews the potential countermeasures for cancer prevention and control in China. | Chunchun Wu Mengna Li Hanbing Meng Yukun Liu Weihong Niu Yao Zhou Ran Zhao Yumei Duan Zhaoyang Zeng Xiaoling Li Guiyuan Li Wei Xiong Ming Zhou | 2019 | Science China(Life Sciences)2019，62，5： | 175 |
| 2 | Manganese is critical for antitumor immune responses via cGAS-STING and improves the efficacy of clinical immunotherapy显示文摘CD8^+T cell-mediated cancer clearance is often suppressed by the interaction between inhibitory molecules like PD-1 and PD-L1,an interaction acts like brakes to prevent T cell overreaction under normal conditions but is exploited by tumor cells to escape the immune surveillance.Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized cancer therapeutics by removing such brakes.Unfortunately,only a minority of cancer patients respond to immunotherapies presumably due to inadequate immunity.Antitumor immunity depends on the activation of the cGAS-STING pathway,as STING-deficient mice fail to stimulate tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells(DCs)to activate CD8^+T cells.STING agonists also enhance natural killer(NK)cells to mediate the clearance of CD8^+T cell-resistant tumors.Therefore STING agonists have been intensively sought after.We previously discovered that manganese(Mn)is indispensable for the host defense against cytosolic dsDNA by activating cGAS-STING.Here we report that Mn is also essential in innate immune sensing of tumors and enhances adaptive immune responses against tumors.Mn-insufficient mice had significantly enhanced tumor growth and metastasis,with greatly reduced tumor-infiltrating CD8^+T cells.Mechanically,Mn^2+promoted DC and macrophage maturation and tumor-specific antigen presentation,augmented CD8^+T cell differentiation,activation and NK cell activation,and increased memory CD8^+T cells.Combining Mn^2+with immune checkpoint inhibition synergistically boosted antitumor efficacies and reduced the anti-PD-1 antibody dosage required in mice.Importantly,a completed phase 1 clinical trial with the combined regimen of Mn^2+and anti-PD-1 antibody showed promising efficacy,exhibiting type I IFN induction,manageable safety and revived responses to immunotherapy in most patients with advanced metastatic solid tumors.We propose that this combination strategy warrants further clinical translation. | Mengze Lv Meixia Chen Rui Zhang Wen Zhang Chenguang Wang Yan Zhang Xiaoming Wei Yukun Guan Jiejie Liu Kaichao Feng Miao Jing Xurui Wang Yun-Cai Liu Qian Mei Weidong Han Zhengfan Jiang | 2020 | Cell Research2020，30，11： | 27 |
| 3 | The Reference Genome Sequence of Scutellaria baicalensis Provides Insights into the Evolution of Wogonin Biosynthesis显示文摘Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is important in Chinese traditional medicine where preparations of dried roots,'Huang Qin,' are used for liver and lung complaints and as complementary cancer treatments. We report a high-quality reference genome sequence for S. baicalensis where 93% of the 408.14-Mb genome has been assembled into nine pseudochromosomes with a super-N50 of 33.2 Mb. Comparison of this sequence with those of closely related species in the order Lamiales, sesamum indicum and Salvia splendens,revealed that a specialized metabolic pathway for the synthesis of 4'-deoxyflavone bioactives evolved in the genus Scu-tellaria. We found that the gene encoding a specific cinnamate coenzyme A ligase likely obtained its newfunc- tion following recent mutations, and that four genes encoding enzymes in the 4'-deoxyflavone pathway are present as tandem repeats in the genome of S. baicalensis. Further analyses revealed that gene duplications, segmental duplication, gene amplification, and point mutations coupled to gene neo- and subfunctionaliza-tions were involved in the evolution of 4'-deoxyflavone synthesis in the genus Scutellaria. Our study not only provides significant insight into the evolution of specific flavone biosynthetic pathways in the mint family, Lamiaceae, but also will facilitate the development of tools for enhancing bioactive productivity by metabolic engineering in microbes or by molecular breeding in plants. The reference genome of S. baicalensis is also useful for improving the genome assemblies for other members of the mint family and offers an important foundation for decoding the synthetic pathways of bioactive compounds in medicinal plants. | Qing Zhao Jun Yang Meng-Ying Cui Jie Liu Yumin Fang Mengxiao Yan Wenqing Qiu Huiwen Shang Zhicheng Xu Reheman Yidiresi Jing-Ke Weng Tomas Pluskal Marielle Vigouroux Burkhard Steuernagel Yukun Wei Lei Yang Yonghong Hu Xiao-Ya Chen Cathie Martin | 2019 | Molecular Plant2019，12，7： | 23 |
| 4 | Effects of process parameters on pore structure of semi-coke prepared by solid heat carrier with dry distillation显示文摘The semi-coke was prepared by solid heat carrier with dry distillation in single factor method. The pore structures of raw coal and semi-coke were characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that the adsorption and desorption isotherm of semi-coke are not coincident. There was a wide pore distribution on the semi-coke, in which mesopores and micropores account for a considerable proportion. Also there are many more secondary pores. With the increase of the final temperature of heat carrier and constant temperature, as well as the decrease of volume ratio of coal and hot carrier reactor, specific surface area and pore volume of semi-coke increased rapidly first and then decreased and finally increased, along with the rapidly reduction of average pore size. SEM photos show that the surface of semi-coke becomes increasingly rough and glossy. | Zhou, Guoli Wu, Jianjun Miao, Zhenyong Hu, Xuelian Li, Xia Shi, Xin Cai, Zhidan Shang, Yukun | 2013 | International Journal of Mining Science and Technology2013，23，3： | 20 |
| 5 | Biphasic insulin aspart 30 improved glycemic control in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes poorly controlled on oral glucose-lowering drugs: a subgroup analysis of the A1chieve study显示文摘 | Chen Liming Xing Xiaoyan Lei Minxiang Liu Jie Shi Yongquan Li Pengqiu Qin Guijun Li Chengjiang Li Yukun Wang Qing Gao Tianshu Hu Ling Wang Yangwei Yang Wenying | 2014 | Chinese Medical Journal2014，，2： | 19 |
| 6 | Volume fractal dimension of soil particles and relationships with soil physical-chemical properties and plant species diversity in an alpine grassland under different disturbance degrees显示文摘Fractal geometry is an important method in soil science,and many studies have used fractal theory to examine soil properties and the relationships with other eco-environmental factors.However,there have been few studies examining soil particle volume fractal dimension in alpine grasslands.To study the volume fractal dimension of soil particles(D) and its relationships with soil salt,soil nutrient and plant species diversity,we conducted an experiment on an alpine grassland under different disturbance degrees:non-disturbance(N 0),light disturbance(L),moderate disturbance(M) and heavy disturbance(H).The results showed that(1) Ds varied from 2.573 to 2.635 among the different disturbance degrees and increased with increasing degrees of disturbance.(2) Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Pielou's evenness index and Margalef richness index reached their highest values at the M degree,indicating that moderate disturbance is beneficial to the increase of plant species diversity.(3) In the L and M degrees,there was a significant positive correlation between D and clay content and a significant negative correlation between D and soil organic matter(SOM).In the H degree,D was significantly and positively correlated with total salt(TS).The results suggested that to a certain extent,D can be used to characterize the uniformity of soil texture in addition to soil fertility characteristics.(4) For the L degree,there was a significant negative correlation between D and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index;while for the M degree,there was a significant negative correlation between D and Pielou's evenness index. | YanYan LIU YanMing GONG Xin WANG YuKun HU | 2013 | Journal of Arid Land2013，5，4： | 18 |
| 7 | USP19 suppresses inflammation and promotes M2-like macrophage polarization by manipulating NLRP3 function via autophagy显示文摘Macrophage polarization to proinflammatory M1-like or anti-inflammatory M2-like cells is critical to mount a host defense or repair tissue.The exact molecular mechanisms controlling this process are still elusive.Here,we report that ubiquitin-specific protease 19(USP19)acts as an anti-inflammatory switch that inhibits inflammatory responses and promotes M2-like macrophage polarization.USP19 inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation by increasing autophagy flux and decreasing the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species.In addition,USP19 inhibited the proteasomal degradation of inflammasome-independent NLRP3 by cleaving its polyubiquitin chains.USP19-stabilized NLRP3 promoted M2-like macrophage polarization by direct association with interferon regulatory factor 4,thereby preventing its p62-mediated selective autophagic degradation.Consistent with these observations,compared to wild-type mice,Usp19−/−mice had decreased M2-like macrophage polarization and increased interleukin-1βsecretion,in response to alum and chitin injections.Thus,we have uncovered an unexpected mechanism by which USP19 switches the proinflammatory function of NLRP3 into an anti-inflammatory function,and suggest that USP19 is a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory interventions. | Tao Liu Liqiu Wang Puping Liang Xiaojuan Wang Yukun Liu Jing Cai Yuanchu She Dan Wang Zhi Wang Zhiyong Guo Samuel Bates Xiaojun Xia Junjiu Huang Jun Cui | 2021 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2021，18，10： | 15 |
| 8 | Research on Kalman-filter based multisensor data fusion显示文摘Multisensor data fusion has played a significant role in diverse areas ranging from local robot guidance to global military theatre defense etc.Various multisensor data fusion methods have been extensively investigated by researchers,of which Klaman filtering is one of the most important.Kalman filtering is the best-known recursive least mean-square algorithm to optimally estimate the unknown states of a dynamic system,which has found widespread application in many areas.The scope of the work is restricted to investigate the various data fusion and track fusion techniques based on the Kalman Filter methods,then a new method of state fusion is proposed. Finally the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the introduced method. | Chen Yukun Si Xicai Li Zhigang | 2007 | Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics2007，18，3： | 11 |
| 9 | Leukocyte-derived biomimetic nanoparticulate drug delivery systems for cancer therapy显示文摘Precise drug delivery to tumors with low system toxicity is one of the most important and challenging tasks for pharmaceutical researchers. Despite progress in the field of nanotherapeutics, the use of artificially synthesized nanocarriers still faces several challenges, including rapid clearance from blood circulation and limited capability of overcoming multiple physiological barriers, which hamper the clinical application of nanoparticle-based therapies. Since leukocytes(including monocytes/macrophages,neutrophils, dendritic cells and lymphocytes) target tumors and can migrate across physiological barriers,leukocytes are increasing utilized as carriers to transfer nanoparticles to tumors. In this review we specifically focus on the molecular and cellular mechanisms of leukocytes that can be exploited as a vehicle to deliver nanoparticles to tumors and summarize the latest research on how leukocytes can be harnessed to improve therapeutic end-points. We also discuss the challenges and opportunities of this leukocyte-derived nanoparticle drug delivery system. | Yukun Huang Xiaoling Gao Jun Chen | 2018 | Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B2018，8，1： | 10 |
| 10 | Highly expressed BMP9/GDF2 in postnatal mouse liver and lungs may account for its pleiotropic effects on stem cell differentiation,angiogenesis,tumor growth and metabolism显示文摘Bone morphogenetic protein 9(BMP9)(or GDF2)was originally identified from fetal mouse liver cDNA libraries.Emerging evidence indicates BMP9 exerts diverse and pleiotropic functions during postnatal development and in maintaining tissue homeostasis.However,the expression landscape of BMP9 signaling during development and/or in adult tissues remains to be analyzed.Here,we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the expression landscape of BMP9 and its signaling mediators in postnatal mice.By analyzing mouse ENCODE transcriptome datasets we found Bmp9 was highly expressed in the liver and detectable in embryonic brain,adult lungs and adult placenta.We next conducted a comprehensive qPCR analysis of RNAs isolated from major mouse tissues/organs at various ages.We found that Bmp9 was highly expressed in the liver and lung tissues of young adult mice,but decreased in older mice.Interestingly,Bmp9 was only expressed at low to modest levels in developing bones.BMP9-associated TGFβ/BMPR type I receptor Alk1 was highly expressed in the adult lungs.Furthermore,the feedback inhibitor Smads Smad6 and Smad7 were widely expressed in mouse postnatal tissues.However,the BMP signaling antagonist noggin was highly expressed in fat and heart in the older age groups,as well as in kidney,liver and lungs in a biphasic fashion.Thus,our findings indicate that the circulating BMP9 produced in liver and lungs may account for its pleiotropic effects on postnatal tissues/organs although possible roles of BMP9 signaling in liver and lungs remain to be fully understood. | Wei Liu Zhongliang Deng Zongyue Zeng Jiaming Fan Yixiao Feng Xi Wang Daigui Cao Bo Zhang Lijuan Yang Bin Liu Mikhail Pakvasa William Wagstaff Xiaoxing Wu Huaxiu Luo Jing Zhang Meng Zhang Fang He Yukun Mao Huiming Ding Yongtao Zhang Changchun Niu Rex C.Haydon Hue H.Luu Jennifer Moriatis Wolf Michael J.Lee Wei Huang Tong-Chuan He Yulong Zou | 2020 | Genes & Diseases2020，7，2： | 9 |
| 11 | Recent progress in graphene-based electrodes for flexible batteries显示文摘The emerging flexible electronic devices have stimulated the development of flexible batteries,in which flexible electrodes are indispensable components.Graphene,known for its excellent electrical conductivity and mechanical stability,can be used as an ideal flexible substrate.Recently,many efforts have been devoted to graphene-based electrodes for flexible batteries.Herein,this review summarizes recent advances in the development of graphene-based electrodes for various flexible batteries,including metal-ion batteries(ions of Li,Na,Zn,Al,etc.),lithiumsulfur batteries,and metal-air batteries(Li-and Zn-air batteries).Besides,major challenges and future developments of flexible batteries are also discussed. | Chunlong Dai Guoqiang Sun Linyu Hu Yukun Xiao Zhipan Zhang Liangti Qu | 2020 | InfoMat2020，2，3： | 9 |
| 12 | High Frame Rate Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound Helps Differentiate Malignant and Benign Focal Liver Lesions显示文摘Background and Aims:This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of high frame rate contrast-en-hanced ultrasound(H-CEUS)of focal liver lesions(FLLs).Methods:From July 2017 to June 2019,conventional con-trast-enhanced ultrasound(C-CEUS)and H-CEUS were per-formed in 78 patients with 78 nodules.The characteristics of C-CEUS and H-CEUS in malignant and benign groups and the differences between different lesion sizes(1-3 cm,3-5 cm,or>5 cm)of C-CEUS and H-CEUS were examined.The diagnostic performance of C-CEUS and H-CEUS was ana-lyzed.The chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was used to assess inter-group differences.The receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted to determine the diagnostic performance of C-CEUS and H-CEUS.Results:There were significant differences in the enhancement area,fill-in direc-tion and vascular architecture between C-CEUS and H-CEUS for both benign and malignant lesions(all p=0.000-0.008),but there were no significant differences in washout results(p=0.566 and p=0.684,respectively).For lesions 1-3 cm in size,the enhancement area,fill-in direction,and vascular architecture on C-CEUS and H-CEUS were significantly dif-ferent(all p=0.000),unlike for lesions 3-5 cm or>5 cm in size.For differentiation of malignant from benign FLLs in the 1-3 cm group,H-CEUS showed sensitivity,specific-ity,accuracy,and positive and negative predictive values of 92.86%,95.0%,96.3%,90.48%and 93.75%,respectively,which were higher than those for C-CEUS(75.0%,70.0%,77.78%,66.67%and 72.91%,respectively).Conclusions:H-CEUS provided more vascular information which could help differentiate malignant from benign FLLs,especially for lesions 1-3 cm in size. | Xiang Fei Peng Han Bo Jiang Lianhua Zhu Wenshuo Tian Maodong Sang Xirui Zhang Yaqiong Zhu Yukun Luo | 2022 | Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology2022，10，1： | 8 |
| 13 | A new compensation current real-time computing method for power active filter based on double linear construction algorithm显示文摘Considering the detection principle that “when load current is periodic current, the integral in a cycle for absolute value of load current subtracting fundamental active current is the least”, harmonic current real-time detection methods for power active filter are proposed based on direct computation, simple iterative algorithm and optimal iterative algorithm. According to the direct computation method, the amplitude of the fundamental active current can be accurately calculated when load current is placed in stable state. The simple iterative algorithm and the optimal iterative algorithm provide an idea about judging the state of load current. On the basis of the direct computation method, the simple itera- tive algorithm, the optimal iterative algorithm and precise definition of the basic concepts such as the true amplitude of the fundamental active current when load current is placed in varying state, etc., the double linear construction idea is proposed in which the amplitude of the fundamental active current at the moment of the sample is accurately calculated by using the first linear construction and the condition which disposes the next sample is created by using the second linear construction. On the basis of the double linear con- struction idea, a harmonic current real-time detection method for power active filter is proposed based on the double linear construction algorithm. This method has the char- acteristics of small computing quantity, fine real-time performance, being capable of ac- curately calculating the amplitude of the fundamental active current and so on. | LI Zicheng SUN Yukun | 2006 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2006，49，4： | 8 |
| 14 | Recent Progress of MXene-Based Nanomaterials in Flexible Energy Storage and Electronic Devices显示文摘The increasing demands for wearable electronics have stimulated the rapid development of flexible energy storage devices.MXenes are considered as promising flexible electrodes due to the ultrahigh volumetric specific capacitance,metallic conductivity,superior hydrophily,and rich surface chemistry. | Qi Yang Yukun Wang Xinliang Li Hongfei Li Zifeng Wang Zijie Tang Longtao Ma Funian Mo Chunyi Zhi | 2018 | Energy & Environmental Materials2018，1，4： | 8 |
| 15 | Lithologic Boundaries in Permian Post-glacial Sediments of the Gondwana-affinity Regions of China:Typical Sections,Age Range and Correlation显示文摘在西南中国, Gondwana 亲密关系 Permo 含碳的存款被知道发生在北喜马拉雅山脉,拉萨块和南方卡恩格唐·布洛克,鲍尚·布洛克和 Tengchong 烈性黑啤酒。三方面的碎屑状的继任,也就是, diamictitepebbly, mudstonedark mudstone 和页岩通常作为在海洋的环境代表 glacialdeglacialpost 冰川的时期的存款被解释。例如,在鲍尚·布洛克,在腾琼·布洛克的 Kongshuhe 形成, Yongzhu 组和 Poindo 扔 Dingjiazhai 形成在拉萨块的组,都被碳酸盐存款接替。这从冰期后的碎屑状的环境标记一个重要变化到碳酸盐环境。碳酸盐环境的从冰期后的碎屑状的环境的变化在 Artinskian 的开始发生在 Baoshan, Tengchong 和拉萨块的可得到的 paleontological 数据表演。在鲍尚·布洛克的碳酸盐环境被 Woniusi 暗岩的爆发破坏,并且在拉萨的 Xainza 区域,块被碎屑状的环境立即代替直到 Kungurian。在北喜马拉雅山脉,石灰石开始发生了在以一种波动的方式晚二叠。 | JIN Xiaochi HUANG Hao SHI Yukun ZHAN Lipei | 2011 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2011，85，2： | 8 |
| 16 | Fluxes of methane,carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide in an alpine wetland and an alpine grassland of the Tianshan Mountains,China显示文摘Methane(CH4), carbon dioxide(CO2) and nitrous oxide(N2O) are known to be major greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming. To identify the flux dynamics of these greenhouse gases is, therefore, of great significance. In this paper, we conducted a comparative study on an alpine grassland and alpine wetland at the Bayinbuluk Grassland Eco-system Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences. By using opaque, static, manual stainless steel chambers and gas chromatography, we measured the fluxes of CH4, N2O and CO2 from the grassland and wetland through an in situ monitoring study from May 2010 to October 2012. The mean flux rates of CH4, N2O and CO2 for the experimental alpine wetland in the growing season(from May to October) were estimated at 322.4 μg/(m2?h), 16.7 μg/(m2?h) and 76.7 mg/(m2?h), respectively; and the values for the alpine grassland were –88.2 μg/(m2?h), 12.7 μg/(m2?h), 57.3 mg/(m2?h), respectively. The gas fluxes showed large seasonal and annual variations, suggesting weak fluxes in the non-growing season. The relationships between these gas fluxes and environmental factors were analyzed for the two alpine ecosystems. The results showed that air temperature, precipitation, soil temperature and soil moisture can greatly influence the fluxes of CH4, N2O and CO2, but the alpine grassland and alpine wetland showed different feedback mechanisms under the same climate and environmental conditions. | GuiXiang HE KaiHui LI XueJun LIU YanMing GONG YuKun HU | 2014 | Journal of Arid Land2014，6，6： | 7 |
| 17 | Resveratrol compares with melatonin in improving in vitro porcine oocyte maturation under heat stress显示文摘Background: Resveratrol, an important phyto-antioxidant commonly found in grapes, mulberry, and other plants,has a variety of functions including anti-aging, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. In the current study, we investigated the beneficial effects of resveratrol on in vitro porcine oocyte maturation under heat stress(HS). The effect of resveratrol, melatonin and their combination on alleviating HS was compared according to the maturation rate of oocytes and the development competence of embryos after parthenogenetic activation(PA).Results: Supplementation with resveratrol(2.0 μmol/L) not only improved the nuclear maturation but also raised the blastocyst rate of porcine embryos' PA from oocytes that underwent HS by increasing their glutathione(GSH)level, reducing reactive oxygen species(ROS) and up-regulating the expression of Sirtuin 1(SIRT1). It was also found that melatonin(10^(-7)mol/L) and the combination of resveratrol(2.0 μmol/L) plus melatonin(10^(-7)mol/L) exhibited more potent effects than resveratrol alone regarding their protective activities on oocyte maturation under HS.Conclusions: This study compared the efficiencies of resveratrol, melatonin and their combination for protecting porcine oocytes from heat stress. The mechanisms are attributed to the fact that each treatment may have different ability to regulate the synthesis of steroid hormones and the expression of mature related genes. | Yu Li Jing Wang Zhenzhen Zhang Jinyun Yi Changjiu He Feng Wang Xiuzhi Tian Minghui Yang Yukun Song Pingli He Guoshi Liu | 2017 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2017，8，1： | 7 |
| 18 | Carbonaceous and nitrogenous disinfection by-product formation in the surface and ground water treatment plants using Yellow River as water source显示文摘This work investigated the formation of carbonaceous and nitrogenous disinfection by-products (C-DBPs, N-DBPs) upon chlorination of water samples collected from a surface water and a ground water treatment plant (SWTP and GWTP) where the conventional treatment processes, i.e., coagulation, sedimentation, and filtration were employed. Twenty DBPs, including four trihalomethanes, nine haloacetic acids, seven N-DBPs (dichloroacetamide, trichloroacetamide, dichloroacetonitrile, trichloroacetonitrile, bromochloroace-tonitrile, dibromoacetonitrile and trichloronitromethane), and eight volatile chlorinated compounds (dichloromethane (DCM), 1,2-dichloroethane, tetrachloroethylene, chlorobenzene, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene) were detected in the two WTPs. The concentrations of these contaminants were all below their corresponding maximum contamination levels (MCLs) regulated by the Standards for Drinking Water Quality of China (GB5749-2006) except for DCM (17.1 μg/L detected vs. 20 μg/L MCL). The SWTP had much higher concentrations of DBPs detected in the treated water as well as the DBP formation potentials tested in the filtered water than the GWTP, probably because more precursors (e.g., dissolved organic carbon, dissolved organic nitrogen) were present in the water source of the SWTP. | Yukun Hou Wenhai Chu Meng Ma | 2012 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2012，24，7： | 7 |
| 19 | Manganese salts function as potent adjuvants显示文摘Aluminum-containing adjuvants have been used for nearly 100 years to enhance immune responses in billions of doses of vaccines.To date,only a few adjuvants have been approved for use in humans,among which aluminum-containing adjuvants are the only ones widely used.However,the medical need for potent and safe adjuvants is currently continuously increasing,especially those triggering cellular immune responses for cytotoxic T lymphocyte activation,which are urgently needed for the development of efficient virus and cancer vaccines.Manganese is an essential micronutrient required for diverse biological activities,but its functions in immunity remain undefined.We previously reported that Mn^(2+) is important in the host defense against cytosolic dsDNA by facilitating cGAS-STING activation and that Mn^(2+)alone directly activates cGAS independent of dsDNA,leading to an unconventional catalytic synthesis of 2′3′-cGAMP.Herein,we found that Mn^(2+) strongly promoted immune responses by facilitating antigen uptake,presentation,and germinal center formation via both cGAS-STING and NLRP3 activation.Accordingly,a colloidal manganese salt(Mn jelly,MnJ)was formulated to act not only as an immune potentiator but also as a delivery system to stimulate humoral and cellular immune responses,inducing antibody production and CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)T-cell proliferation and activation by either intramuscular or intranasal immunization.When administered intranasally,MnJ also worked as a mucosal adjuvant,inducing high levels of secretory IgA.MnJ showed good adjuvant effects for all tested antigens,including T cell-dependent and T cell-independent antigens,such as bacterial capsular polysaccharides,thus indicating that it is a promising adjuvant candidate. | Rui Zhang Chenguang Wang Yukun Guan Xiaoming Wei Mengyin Sha Mengran Yi Miao Jing Mengze Lv Wen Guo Jing Xu Yi Wan Xin-Ming Jia Zhengfan Jiang | 2021 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2021，18，5： | 7 |
| 20 | Carbon Storage and Vertical Distribution in Three Shrubland Communities in Gurbantünggüt Desert,Uygur AutonomousRegion of Xinjiang,Northwest China显示文摘This study was carried out in the Gurbantünggüt Desert,Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang,Northwest China in August,2009.To quantify the storage,contribution and vertical distribution patterns of plant biomass carbon (PBC)and soil organic carbon(SOC)in the study area,we investigated the carbon concentrations and its vertical distribution in three different desert shrubland communities dominated by Reaumuria soongorica,Haloxylon ammodendron+R.soongorica and Tamarix ramosissima+R.soongorica,respectively.We analyzed vertical distribution of root biomass carbon and soil carbon contents by excavating soil profiles for each dominated community.The results show that SOC is considerably the larger carbon pool in the soil layers of 1.0-3.0 m(the mean value of three shrubland communities is 38.46%)and 3.0-5.0 m(the mean value is 40.24%).In contrast,70.74%of belowground biomass carbon storage in 0-1.0 m layer,and its content decrease with increasing soil depth.The Haloxylon ammodendron+R. soongorica shrubland community has the highest belowground biomass carbon among three selected communities. This study highlights the importance of SOC stored in deep soil layers(lower than 3.0 m from the surface)in arid shrubland communities in the global carbon balance.In addition,it provides the data support for revealing deep soil solid carbon potential,and offers scientific basis for the further research in the carbon cycle of terrestrial ecosystem. | GONG Yanming HU Yukun FANG Fei LIU Yanyan LI Kaihui ZHANG Guangming | 2012 | Chinese Geographical Science2012，22，5： | 6 |
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