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| 1 | Carbon pools and fluxes in the China Seas and adjacent oceans显示文摘The China Seas include the South China Sea, East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea. Located off the Northwestern Pacific margin, covering 4700000 km^2 from tropical to northern temperate zones, and including a variety of continental margins/basins and depths, the China Seas provide typical cases for carbon budget studies. The South China Sea being a deep basin and part of the Western Pacific Warm Pool is characterized by oceanic features; the East China Sea with a wide continental shelf, enormous terrestrial discharges and open margins to the West Pacific, is featured by strong cross-shelf materials transport; the Yellow Sea is featured by the confluence of cold and warm waters; and the Bohai Sea is a shallow semiclosed gulf with strong impacts of human activities. Three large rivers, the Yangtze River, Yellow River, and Pearl River, flow into the East China Sea, the Bohai Sea, and the South China Sea, respectively. The Kuroshio Current at the outer margin of the Chinese continental shelf is one of the two major western boundary currents of the world oceans and its strength and position directly affect the regional climate of China. These characteristics make the China Seas a typical case of marginal seas to study carbon storage and fluxes. This paper systematically analyzes the literature data on the carbon pools and fluxes of the Bohai Sea,Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea, including different interfaces(land-sea, sea-air, sediment-water, and marginal sea-open ocean) and different ecosystems(mangroves, wetland, seagrass beds, macroalgae mariculture, coral reefs, euphotic zones, and water column). Among the four seas, the Bohai Sea and South China Sea are acting as CO_2 sources, releasing about0.22 and 13.86–33.60 Tg C yr^(-1) into the atmosphere, respectively, whereas the Yellow Sea and East China Sea are acting as carbon sinks, absorbing about 1.15 and 6.92–23.30 Tg C yr^(-1) of atmospheric CO_2, respectively. Overall, if only the CO_2 exchange at the sea-air interface is considered, the Chinese marginal seas appear to be a source of atmospheric CO_2, with a net release of 6.01–9.33 Tg C yr^(-1), mainly from the inputs of rivers and adjacent oceans. The riverine dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) input into the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea are 5.04, 14.60, and 40.14 Tg C yr^(-1),respectively. The DIC input from adjacent oceans is as high as 144.81 Tg C yr^(-1), significantly exceeding the carbon released from the seas to the atmosphere. In terms of output, the depositional fluxes of organic carbon in the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea are 2.00, 3.60, 7.40, and 5.92 Tg C yr^(-1), respectively. The fluxes of organic carbon from the East China Sea and South China Sea to the adjacent oceans are 15.25–36.70 and 43.93 Tg C yr^(-1), respectively. The annual carbon storage of mangroves, wetlands, and seagrass in Chinese coastal waters is 0.36–1.75 Tg C yr^(-1), with a dissolved organic carbon(DOC) output from seagrass beds of up to 0.59 Tg C yr^(-1). Removable organic carbon flux by Chinese macroalgae mariculture account for 0.68 Tg C yr^(-1) and the associated POC depositional and DOC releasing fluxes are 0.14 and 0.82 Tg C yr^(-1), respectively. Thus, in total, the annual output of organic carbon, which is mainly DOC, in the China Seas is 81.72–104.56 Tg C yr^(-1). The DOC efflux from the East China Sea to the adjacent oceans is 15.00–35.00 Tg C yr^(-1). The DOC efflux from the South China Sea is 31.39 Tg C yr^(-1). Although the marginal China Seas seem to be a source of atmospheric CO_2 based on the CO_2 flux at the sea-air interface, the combined effects of the riverine input in the area, oceanic input, depositional export,and microbial carbon pump(DOC conversion and output) indicate that the China Seas represent an important carbon storage area. | Nianzhi JIAO Yantao LIANG Yongyu ZHANG Jihua LIU Yao ZHANG Rui ZHANG Meixun ZHAO Minhan DAI Weidong ZHAI Kunshan GAO Jinming SONG Dongliang YUAN Chao LI Guanghui LIN Xiaoping HUANG Hongqiang YAN Limin HU Zenghu ZHANG Long WANG Chunjie CAO Yawei LUO Tingwei LUO Nannan WANG Hongyue DANG Dongxiao WANG Si ZHANG | 2018 | Science China Earth Sciences2018，61，11： | 12 |
| 2 | Highly reliable relative navigation for multi-UAV formation flight in urban environments显示文摘Formation flight of multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)is expected to bring significant benefits to a wide range of applications.Accurate and reliable relative position information is a prerequisite to safely maintain a fairly close distance between UAVs and to achieve inner-system collision avoidance.However,Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)measurements are vulnerable to erroneous signals in urban canyons,which could potentially lead to catastrophic consequences.Accordingly,on the basis of performing relative positioning with double differenced pseudoranges,this paper develops an integrity monitoring framework to improve navigation integrity(a measure of reliability)in urban environments.On the one hand,this framework includes a fault detection and exclusion scheme to protect against measurement faults.To accommodate urban scenarios,spatial dependence in the faults are taken into consideration by this scheme.On the other hand,relative protection level is rigorously derived to describe the probabilistic error bound of the navigation output.This indicator can be used to evaluate collision risk and to warn collision danger in real time.The proposed algorithms are validated by both simulations and flight experiments.Simulation results quantitatively reveal the sensitivity of navigation performance to receiver configurations and environmental conditions.And experimental results suggest high efficiency and effectiveness of the new integrity monitoring framework. | Shizhuang WANG Xingqun ZHAN Yawei ZHAI Cheng CHI Jiawen SHEN | 2021 | Chinese Journal of Aeronautics2021，34，7： | 3 |
| 3 | Black car- bon (BC) in urban and surrounding rural soils of Bei- jing, China: spatial distribution and relationship with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) 显示文摘 | Liu Shaoda Xia Xinghui Zhai Yawei | 2011 | Chemo- sphere2011，82，2： | 1 |
| 4 | Research on high perform- ance Fe3 Si-Si3 N4-SIC composite used for blast furnace 显示文摘 | Li Yong Zhu Xiaoyan Zhai Yawei | 2012 | Open Mater Sci J2012，6，： | 1 |
| 5 | Effects of Temperature and Salinity on Oxygen Consumption and Ammonium Excretion Rate of ♀ Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂ E. lanceolatus Juveniles显示文摘The impact of water temperature(24, 27, 30 and 33℃) and salinity(15, 20, 25, 30 and 33) on oxygen consumption(OCR) and ammonium excretion rate(AER) of ♀ Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ×♂ E. lanceolatus hybrid grouper juveniles(9.39 ± 0.07 g) were investigated under the fed and un-fed conditions. The results showed that the OCR and AER were significantly(P < 0.05) affected by temperature and salinity under both fed and un-fed conditions. When temperature was 24–33℃, the OCR and AER of fed hybrid grouper juveniles were 85.68%–129.52% and 125.78%–287.63%, respectively, higher than those of un-fed hybrid grouper juveniles. The O/N ratio, protein use(P_u), Q_(10)(respiration) and Q_(10)(excretion) of fed hybrid grouper juveniles were 14.43–24.01, 28.35% – 48.48%, 1.69 and 3.01, respectively. The O/N ratio, P_u, Q_(10)(respiration), Q_(10)(excretion) of un-fed hybrid grouper juveniles were 20.39 – 31.79, 22.16% – 34.34%, 1.23 and 1.17, respectively. When salinity was 15–33, the OCR and AER of fed hybrid grouper juveniles increased by 87.42% – 116.85% and 215.38% – 353.57%, respectively, over those of un-fed hybrid grouper juveniles. The O/N ratio and P_u of fed hybrid grouper juveniles were 14.48 – 17.78, 39.36% – 49.43%, respectively. The O/N ratio and Pu of un-fed hybrid grouper juveniles were 20.39 – 31.79 and 22.16% – 34.34%, respectively. The specific dynamic action(SDA) of hybrid grouper juveniles was mainly related to protein metabolism. The results had a guiding significance to the large-scale intensive aquaculture of hybrid grouper juveniles. | XING Daochao SONG Xiefa PENG Lei CHENG Yawei ZHAI Jianming | 2019 | Journal of Ocean University of China2019，18，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Production of a novel non-toxicγ-PGA/casein composite hydrogel using MTG and optimization by response surface methodology显示文摘Theγ-PGA-based food hydrogel exhibits good biodegradability and biocompatibility,and is non-toxic to humans.In this study,a novel hydrogel(γ-PGA/casein composite hydrogel)was prepared by combining casein with y-PGA separated from natto using microbial transglutaminase(MTG)as the crosslinker.The effects of the MTG mass concentration,gelation time,crosslinking temperature,pH,and the mass ratio of y-PGA to casein on the crosslinking ratio of y-PGA and swelling ratio of theγ-PGA/casein hydrogel were investigated.Furthermore,the synthesis conditions were optimized by response surface methodology to optimize three important factors,i.e.crosslinking temperature,pH and the mass ratio of y-PGA to casein.The results of single factor experiments showed that the MTG mass concentration and crosslinking time had little impacts on the crosslinking ratio of y-PGA and the swelling ratio;the preferred MTG mass concentration,crosslinking time,temperature and pH were selected as 0.3%,7 h,40℃and 7.5;and the preferred mass ratio ofγ-PGA to casein was 0.1 for the crosslinking ratio ofγ-PGA and 0.2 for the swelling ratio.The response surface experiment results showed that the optimum crosslinking temperature,pH and the mass ratio of y-PGA to casein ratio were 42.4℃,7.33,and 0.18,respectively.Under these optimum conditions,the predicted crosslinking ratio of y-PGA and swelling ratio reached 90.35%and 112.07%,which were highly consistent with the experimental values(88.00%and 115.87%).Theγ-PGA/casein composite hydrogel developed in this study shows promising application potential in food industry,biomedical field,and cosmetic industry. | Xin Wang Chenchen Gou Chunyuan Gao Yazhen Song Jinming Zhang Dandan Zhai Yawei Zhao Jihong Huang Ming Hui | 2021 | Grain & Oil Science and Technology2021，4，2： | 0 |
| 7 | Dietary Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract improves laying performance by altering serum metabolic profiles and gut bacteria in aged laying hens显示文摘The leaves of Eucommia ulmoides are rich in bioactive constituents that have potential gastrointestinal benefits for animals.In aged laying hens,intestinal health issues contribute to a significant decline in egg-laying capacity during intermediate and later stages.It remains unclear whether E.ulmoides leaf extract(ELE)can improve intestinal health and enhance egg production in elderly laying hens,and the underlying mechanisms are yet to be elucidated.Therefore,we conducted a study with 480 laying hens(65 weeks old)randomly allocated into four groups:a control group fed with the basal diet,and three treatment groups supplemented with 500,1,000,and 2,000 mg/kg of ELE,respectively.The primary active constituents of ELE include flavonoids,polysaccharides,terpenoids,and phenolic acids.Dietary supplementation with ELE at 1,000 mg/kg(ELE1000)significantly improved laying performance and egg quality compared to the other groups.ELE1000 stimulated the maturation of intestinal epithelial cells,increased villus height,and reduced crypt depth.It also influenced the levels of proteins associated with tight junctions(claudin-1 and claudin-2)and intestinal inflammatory factors(IL-6,IL-1β,and IL-2)in different intestinal sections.Integrative analysis of serum metabolomics and gut microbiota revealed that ELE1000 improved nutrient metabolism by modulating amino acid and ubiquinone biosynthesis and influenced the abundance of intestinal microbiota by enriching pivotal genera such as Bacteroides and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group.We identified 15 metabolites significantly correlated with both gut microbiota and laying performance,e.g.,DL-methionine sulfoxide,THJ2201 N-valerate metabolite,tetracarbonic acid,etc.In conclusion,ELE1000 improved laying performance in elderly laying hens by affecting intestinal morphology,barrier function,microbiota,and serum metabolite profiles.These findings suggest that ELE can be a beneficial feed additive for extending the peak producing period in aged laying hens. | Xiaoxiao Liang Yawei Fu Kaimin Niu Zhenya Zhai Hongxun Shi Ruxia Wang Yulong Yin | 2023 | Animal Nutrition2023，，4： | 0 |
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