| 1 | Carbon pools and fluxes in the China Seas and adjacent oceans显示文摘The China Seas include the South China Sea, East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea. Located off the Northwestern Pacific margin, covering 4700000 km^2 from tropical to northern temperate zones, and including a variety of continental margins/basins and depths, the China Seas provide typical cases for carbon budget studies. The South China Sea being a deep basin and part of the Western Pacific Warm Pool is characterized by oceanic features; the East China Sea with a wide continental shelf, enormous terrestrial discharges and open margins to the West Pacific, is featured by strong cross-shelf materials transport; the Yellow Sea is featured by the confluence of cold and warm waters; and the Bohai Sea is a shallow semiclosed gulf with strong impacts of human activities. Three large rivers, the Yangtze River, Yellow River, and Pearl River, flow into the East China Sea, the Bohai Sea, and the South China Sea, respectively. The Kuroshio Current at the outer margin of the Chinese continental shelf is one of the two major western boundary currents of the world oceans and its strength and position directly affect the regional climate of China. These characteristics make the China Seas a typical case of marginal seas to study carbon storage and fluxes. This paper systematically analyzes the literature data on the carbon pools and fluxes of the Bohai Sea,Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea, including different interfaces(land-sea, sea-air, sediment-water, and marginal sea-open ocean) and different ecosystems(mangroves, wetland, seagrass beds, macroalgae mariculture, coral reefs, euphotic zones, and water column). Among the four seas, the Bohai Sea and South China Sea are acting as CO_2 sources, releasing about0.22 and 13.86–33.60 Tg C yr^(-1) into the atmosphere, respectively, whereas the Yellow Sea and East China Sea are acting as carbon sinks, absorbing about 1.15 and 6.92–23.30 Tg C yr^(-1) of atmospheric CO_2, respectively. Overall, if only the CO_2 exchange at the sea-air interface is considered, the Chinese marginal seas appear to be a source of atmospheric CO_2, with a net release of 6.01–9.33 Tg C yr^(-1), mainly from the inputs of rivers and adjacent oceans. The riverine dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) input into the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea are 5.04, 14.60, and 40.14 Tg C yr^(-1),respectively. The DIC input from adjacent oceans is as high as 144.81 Tg C yr^(-1), significantly exceeding the carbon released from the seas to the atmosphere. In terms of output, the depositional fluxes of organic carbon in the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea are 2.00, 3.60, 7.40, and 5.92 Tg C yr^(-1), respectively. The fluxes of organic carbon from the East China Sea and South China Sea to the adjacent oceans are 15.25–36.70 and 43.93 Tg C yr^(-1), respectively. The annual carbon storage of mangroves, wetlands, and seagrass in Chinese coastal waters is 0.36–1.75 Tg C yr^(-1), with a dissolved organic carbon(DOC) output from seagrass beds of up to 0.59 Tg C yr^(-1). Removable organic carbon flux by Chinese macroalgae mariculture account for 0.68 Tg C yr^(-1) and the associated POC depositional and DOC releasing fluxes are 0.14 and 0.82 Tg C yr^(-1), respectively. Thus, in total, the annual output of organic carbon, which is mainly DOC, in the China Seas is 81.72–104.56 Tg C yr^(-1). The DOC efflux from the East China Sea to the adjacent oceans is 15.00–35.00 Tg C yr^(-1). The DOC efflux from the South China Sea is 31.39 Tg C yr^(-1). Although the marginal China Seas seem to be a source of atmospheric CO_2 based on the CO_2 flux at the sea-air interface, the combined effects of the riverine input in the area, oceanic input, depositional export,and microbial carbon pump(DOC conversion and output) indicate that the China Seas represent an important carbon storage area. | Nianzhi JIAO Yantao LIANG Yongyu ZHANG Jihua LIU Yao ZHANG Rui ZHANG Meixun ZHAO Minhan DAI Weidong ZHAI Kunshan GAO Jinming SONG Dongliang YUAN Chao LI Guanghui LIN Xiaoping HUANG Hongqiang YAN Limin HU Zenghu ZHANG Long WANG Chunjie CAO Yawei LUO Tingwei LUO Nannan WANG Hongyue DANG Dongxiao WANG Si ZHANG | 2018 | Science China Earth Sciences2018，61，11： | 12 |
| 2 | Seasonal variation of snow microbial community structure in the East Rongbuk glacier, Mt. Everest显示文摘The bacterial diversity and abundance in the snow of East Rongbuk glacier, Mt. Everest were examined through 16S rRNA gene clone library and flow cytometry approaches. In total, 35 16S rRNA gene sequences were obtained, which belong to α, β, γ-Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, CFB, Cyanobacteria, Eukaryotic chloroplast, and TM7 candidate phylum respectively. γ-Proteobacteria was the dominant bacterial group in this region, while the genera Acinetobacter and Leclercia were domi- nant on the genus level. The community structure varied seasonally. The bacterial abundance in sum- mer snow was higher than that in winter. Moreover, the snow bacterial community structures in both seasons were diverse, with not only common species but season-specific species. The common species most likely originated from the Tibet Plateau. Bacteria in summer snow are affiliated with marine environ- ment, whereas bacteria in winter snow are closely related to more diverse environments and show the feature of resistance to cold. Seasonal variations of abundance and bacterial diversity were most proba- bly due to the seasonal characteristics of climate and atmospheric circulation in Mt. Everest. | LIU Yongqin YAO Tandong KANG Shichang JIAO Nianzhi ZENG Yonghui SHI Yang LUO Tingwei JING Zhefang HUANG Shijun | 2006 | Chinese Science Bulletin2006，51，12： | 7 |
| 3 | Microbial community structure in major habitats above 6000 m on Mount Everest显示文摘Bacterial abundance in surface snow between 6600 and 8000 m a.s.l. on the northern slope of Mt. Ev- erest was investigated by flow cytometry. Bacterial diversity in serac ice at 6000 m a.s.l., glacier melt- water at 6350 m, and surface snow at 6600 m a.s.l. was examined by constructing a 16S rRNA gene clone library. Bacterial abundance in snow was higher than that in the Antarctic but similar to other mountain regions in the world. Bacterial abundance in surface snow increased with altitude but showed no correlation with chemical parameters. Bacteria in the cryosphere on Mt. Everest were closely related to those isolated from soil, aquatic environments, plants, animals, humans and other frozen environ- ments. Bacterial community structures in major habitats above 6000 m were variable. The Cyto- phaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides (CFB) group absolutely dominated in glacial meltwater, while β-Proteobacteria and the CFB group dominated in serac ice, and β-Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria dominated in surface snow. The remarkable differences among the habitats were most likely due to the bacterial post-deposition changes during acclimation processes. | LIU YongQin YAO TanDong KANG ShiChang JIAO NianZhi ZENG YongHui HUANG SiJun LUO TingWei | 2007 | Chinese Science Bulletin2007，52，17： | 5 |
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