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| 1 | Evaluating alternative stem cell hypotheses for adult corneal epithelial maintenance显示文摘In this review we evaluate evidence for three different hypotheses that explain how the corneal epithelium is maintained. The limbal epithelial stem cell(LESC)hypothesis is most widely accepted. This proposes that stem cells in the basal layer of the limbal epithelium, at the periphery of the cornea, maintain themselves and also produce transient(or transit) amplifying cells(TACs). TACs then move centripetally to the centre of the cornea in the basal layer of the corneal epithelium and also replenish cells in the overlying suprabasal layers. The LESCs maintain the corneal epithelium during normal homeostasis and become more active to repair significant wounds. Second, the corneal epithelial stem cell(CESC) hypothesis postulates that, during normal homeostasis, stem cells distributed throughout the basal corneal epithelium, maintain the tissue. According to this hypothesis, LESCs are present in the limbus but are only active during wound healing. We also consider a third possibility, that the corneal epithelium is maintained during normal homeostasis by proliferation of basal corneal epithelial cells without any input from stem cells. After reviewing the published evidence, we conclude that the LESC and CESC hypotheses are consistent with more of the evidence than the third hypothesis, so we do not consider this further. The LESC and CESC hypotheses each have difficulty accounting for one main type of evidence so we evaluate the two key lines of evidence that discriminate between them. Finally, we discuss how lineage-tracing experiments have begun to resolve the debate in favour of the LESC hypothesis. Nevertheless, it also seems likely that some basal corneal epithelial cells can act as long-term progenitors if limbal stem cell function is compromised. Thus, this aspect of the CESC hypothesis may have a lasting impact on our understanding of corneal epithelial maintenance, even if it is eventually shown that stem cells are restricted to the limbus as proposed by the LESC hypothesis. | John D West Natalie J Dorà J Martin Collinson | 2015 | World Journal of Stem Cells2015，7，2： | 6 |
| 2 | The rationale behind complete mesocolic excision (CME) and a central vascular ligation for colon cancer in open and laparoscopic surgery显示文摘 | K. S?ndenaa P. Quirke W. Hohenberger K. Sugihara H. Kobayashi H. Kessler G. Brown V. Tudyka A. D’Hoore R. H. Kennedy N. P. West S. H. Kim R. Heald K. E. Storli A. Nesbakken B. Moran | 2014 | International Journal of Colorectal Disease2014，，4： | 3 |
| 3 | 非甾体抗炎药应用中,环氧合酶2、不对称二甲基精氨酸与心血管危害的关系显示文摘已有大规模、安慰剂对照试验确定了非甾体类抗炎药(nonsteroidal anti—inflammatory drugs,NSAIDs)具有心血管危害性:这归因于环氧合酶2(cyclooxygenase,COX-2)的心脏保护产物受到抑制,尤其是前列环素(prostacyclin,PG12)。NSAID降低心脏保护作用的另一种机制可能是通过增强肾脏中甲基精氨酸的形成来限制一氧化氮在整个脉管系统中的作用。 | Ricciotti E Castro C Tang SY Briggs WTE West JA Malik D Rhoades SD Meng H Li X Lahens NF Sparks JA Karlson EW Weljie AM Griffin JL FitzGerald GA6 刘青 叶鹏 | 2018 | 中华高血压杂志2018，26，9： | 3 |
| 4 | Magnetic resonance imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma induced by diethylnitrosamine in Sprague-Dawley rats显示文摘Diethylnitrosamine (DENA) is able to induce various benign and malignant liver lesions in rats with a high success rate and a low mortality rate. It provides a more appropriate model that better simulates the various lesions occurring in humans than the usual model of tumor implantations. The aim of the present study was to evaluate MRI liver examination in Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats as a routine method to detect hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) nodules induced by DENA and to follow up their growth. METHODS:Hepatic carcinogenesis was induced in 80 male SD rats using oral DENA solution. All animals were imaged for liver tumor detection with a 1.5 Tesla magnet (Siemens Sonata,Erlangen, Germany) using correspondence scan parameters and a radio-frequency knee coil. Macroscopic examinations were performed along the axial MRI sections to evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and histopathological assessment was also performed. RESULTS:No false negative results were obtained on MR images. Hepatic tumors in 72 rats were confirmed macro-scopically and 68 rats were detected by MRI till the 20th week. The smallest and the largest nodules detected by MRI were 2 mm and 37 mm in diameter respectively. The agreement rate of MRI with macroscopic observation was 39. 1% and 97. 4% respectively for 2 mm to 5 mm and more than 5 mm nodules. CONCLUSIONS:The hepatic tumor induced by DENA provides a more representative range of tumors for imaging diagnosis and interventional treatment. MRI is the best approach for scrutinizing pathological changes of rat livers in the period of observation. | Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China (Li X, Zhou XP and Guan YS) Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospieal. Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200025 , China. Current address:Astra Zeneca R & D Alderley, Macclesfield SK 10 4 TG U. K. (Wang YX) | 2005 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2005，4，3： | 3 |
| 5 | A multicenter, double-blind, one-year study comparing safety and efficacy of atorvastatin versus simvastatin in patients witb hypercholesterolemia显示文摘 | Anthony Dart George Jerums Geoffrey Nicholson Michael d’Emden Ian Hamilton-Craig George Tallis James Best Malcolm West David Sullivan Peter Braes Donald Black | 1997 | The American Journal of Cardiology1997，，： | 2 |
| 6 | Enhanced caveolin-1 expression in smooth muscle cells: Possible prelude to neointima formation显示文摘AIM: To study the genesis of neointima formation in pulmonary hypertension(PH), we investigated the role of caveolin-1 and related proteins. METHODS: Male Sprague Dawley rats were given monocrotaline(M, 40 mg/kg) or subjected to hypobaric hypoxia(H) to induce PH. Another group was given M and subjected to H to accelerate the disease process(M + H). Right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, lung histology for medial hypertrophy and the presence of neointimal lesions were examined at 2 and 4 wk. The expression of caveolin-1 and its regulatory protein peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR) γ, caveolin-2, proliferative and antiapoptotic factors(PY-STAT3, p-Erk, Bcl-x L), endothelial nitric oxide synthase(e NOS) and heat shock protein(HSP) 90 in the lungs were analyzed, and the results from M + H group were compared with the controls, M and H groups. Double immunofluorescence technique was used to identify the localization of caveolin-1 in pulmonary arteries in rat lungs and in human PH lung tissue. RESULTS: In the M + H group, PH was more severe compared with M or H group. In the 4 wk M+H group, several arteries with reduced caveolin-1 expression in endothelial layer coupled with an increased expression in smooth muscle cells(SMC), exhibited neointimal lesions. Neointima was present only in the arteries exhibiting enhanced caveolin-1 expression in SMC. Lung tissue obtained from patients with PH also revealed neointimal lesions only in the arteries exhibiting endothelial caveolin-1 loss accompanied by an increased caveolin-1 expression in SMC. Reduction in e NOS and HSP90 expression was present in the M groups(2 and 4 wk), but not in the M + H groups. In both M groups and in the M + H group at 2 wk, endothelial caveolin-1 loss was accompanied by an increase in PPARγ expression. In the M + H group at 4 wk, increase in caveolin-1 expression was accompanied by a reduction in the PPARγ expression. In the H group, there was neither a loss of endothelial caveolin-1, eNOS or HSP 90, nor an increase in SMC caveolin-1 expression; or any alteration in PPARγ expression. Proliferative pathways were activated in all experimental groups. CONCLUSION: Enhanced caveolin-1 expression in SMC follows extensive endothelial caveolin-1 loss with subsequent neointima formation. Increased caveolin-1 expression in SMC, thus, may be a prelude to neointima formation. | Jing Huang John H Wolk Michael H Gewitz James E Loyd James West Eric D Austin Rajamma Mathew | 2015 | World Journal of Cardiology2015，7，10： | 2 |
| 7 | Dietary cation-anion balance and cation source effets on production and acid-base status heated stressed Cows显示文摘 | West J W Haydon K D Mullinix B G | 1992 | J Dairy Sci1992，75，： | 1 |
| 8 | Entrepreneurship Research in Emergence:Past Trends and Future Directions显示文摘 | BUSENITZ L W WEST G F SHEPHERD D NELSON T CHANDLER G N ZACHARAKIS A | 2003 | Journal of Management2003，29，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Forest succession models显示文摘 | WEST D C | 1980 | Bioscience1980，30，： | 1 |
| 10 | Characterization of H13 steel produced via electron beam melting显示文摘 | Cormier D Harrysson O West H | 2004 | Rapid Prototyping Journal2004，10，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Structural, spectral and thermal studies of N-2 - (4-picolyl) -and N-2 - (6-picolyl) -N' - (2-chlorophenyl) thioureas and N-2 - (6-picolyl) -N' - (2-bromophenyl) thiourea 显示文摘 | ACKERMAN L J SWEARINGEN J K WEST D X | 2002 | J Mol Struct2002，610，13： | 1 |
| 12 | Automatic detection of yellow rust in wheat using reflectance measurements and neural network显示文摘 | Moshou D Brav C West J | 2004 | Computers and Electronics in Agricultural2004，44，： | 1 |
| 13 | A ma- jor SNP haplotype of the arginine vasopressin 1B recep- tor protects against recurrent major depression 显示文摘 | Van West D Del-Favero J Aulchenko Y | 2004 | Molecular Psychiatry2004，9，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Angiogenesis induced by degradation products of hyaluronic acid 显示文摘 | West D C Hampson I N Arnold F | 1985 | Science1985，228，4705： | 1 |
| 15 | Introduction of a new rotary endodon tics system: progressively tapering files显示文摘 | West J D | 2001 | Dent T oday2001，20，： | 1 |
| 16 | Flav onoid andchlorogenic acid levels inapple fruit: char acterisation of variation显示文摘 | AW AD M A JAGER A D van WESTING L M | 2000 | Scientia Horticulturae2000，83，34： | 1 |
| 17 | New frontiers in food enzymology: recombinant lipoxygenases显示文摘 | Casey R West S I Hardy D David S Robinson Zecai W u Richard K Hughes | 1999 | Trends in Food Science & Technology1999，10，： | 1 |
| 18 | Characterization of H13 Steel Produced via Electron Beam Melting显示文摘 | CormIer D Harry sson 0 West H | 2004 | Rapid Pmtotyping2004，10，： | 1 |
| 19 | Effects of permeabi-lizers on antimicrobial susceptibility of Stenotroph-omonas maltophilia and Acinetobacter spp显示文摘 | Denny B West P Panigrahi D | | 0，，01： | 1 |
| 20 | Germination of Kochia americana in relation to salinity显示文摘 | CLARKE L D WEST N E | | 0，，04： | 1 |
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