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| 1 | Net energy of corn,soybean meal and rapeseed meal in growing pigs显示文摘Background: Two experiments were conducted to estimate the net energy(NE) of corn, soybean meal, expel er-pressed rapeseed meal(EP-RSM) and solvent-extracted rapeseed meal(SE-RSM) using indirect calorimetry and to validate the NE of these four ingredients using pig growth performance.Methods: In Exp.1, 24 barrows(initial BW = 36.4 ± 1.6 kg) were allotted to 1 of 4 diets which included a corn basal diet,a corn-soybean meal basal diet and two rapeseed meal diets containing 20% EP-RSM(9.5% ether extract) or SE-RSM(1.1% ether extract) substituted for corn and soybean meal. The design allowed the calculation of NE values of corn,soybean meal and rapeseed meals according to the difference method. In Exp.2, 175 growing pigs(initial BW = 36.0± 5.2 kg) were fed 1 of 5 diets for 28 d, with five pigs per pen and seven replications(pens) per treatment in order to validate the measured energy values. Diets were a corn-soybean meal diet and four diets including 10% or 20% EP-RSM and 10% or 20% SE-RSM.Results: The NE of corn, soybean meal, EP-RSM and SE-RSM were 12.46, 11.34, 11.71 and 8.83 MJ/kg DM, respectively. The NE to ME ratio of corn(78%) was similar to tabular values, however, the NE to ME ratios of soybean meal(70%) and rapeseed meal(76%) were greater than tabular values. The greater NE value in EP-RSM than in SE-RSM is consistent with its higher EE content. Increasing EP-RSM or SE-RSM did not affect the growth performance of pigs and the caloric efficiency of NE was comparable for al diets.Conclusions: The NE of EP-RSM was similar to soybean meal, and both were greater than SE-RSM. The DE, ME and NE values measured in Exp.1 are confirmed by results of Exp. 2 with comparable caloric efficiencies of DE, ME or NE for all diets. | Zhongchao Li Yakui Li Zhiqian Lv Hu Liu Jinbiao Zhao Jean Noblet Fenglai Wang Changhua Lai Defa Li | 2017 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2017，8，4： | 7 |
| 2 | Metal nanoparticles induced photocatalysis显示文摘Photocatalysis induced by light absorption of metal nanoparticles(NPs) has emerged as a promising strategy for exploiting efficient visible-light-responsive composites for solar-energy conversion. In this review, we first introduce the light absorption of metal NPs and the mechanisms proposed in metal-induced photocatalysis(MIP). Then, its applications in water splitting, artificial photosynthesis and inert molecular activation are summarized. To address the challenge of low efficiency in this field, strategies in promoting catalytic activity are reviewed, and particular attention is paid to the particle-size effect of metal. Finally, the challenges and possible development directions of MIP are briefly discussed. | Lequan Liu Xinnan Zhang Lufeng Yang Liteng Ren Defa Wang Jinhua Ye | 2017 | National Science Review2017，4，5： | 7 |
| 3 | Methodologies on estimating the energy requirements for maintenance and determining the net energy contents of feed ingredients in swine:a review of recent work显示文摘In the past two decades, a considerable amount of research has focused on the determination of the digestible(DE) and metabolizable energy(ME) contents of feed ingredients fed to swine. Compared with the DE and ME systems, the net energy(NE) system is assumed to be the most accurate estimate of the energy actually available to the animal. However, published data pertaining to the measured NE content of ingredients fed to growing pigs are limited. Therefore, the Feed Data Group at the Ministry of Agricultural Feed Industry Centre(MAFIC) located at China Agricultural University has evaluated the NE content of many ingredients using indirect calorimetry. The present review summarizes the NE research works conducted at MAFIC and compares these results with those from other research groups on methodological aspect. These research projects mainly focus on estimating the energy requirements for maintenance and its impact on the determination, prediction, and validation of the NE content of several ingredients fed to swine. The estimation of maintenance energy is affected by methodology, growth stage,and previous feeding level. The fasting heat production method and the curvilinear regression method were used in MAFIC to estimate the NE requirement for maintenance. The NE contents of different feedstuffs were determined using indirect calorimetry through standard experimental procedure in MAFIC. Previously generated NE equations can also be used to predict NE in situations where calorimeters are not available. Although popular, the caloric efficiency is not a generally accepted method to validate the energy content of individual feedstuffs. In the future,more accurate and dynamic NE prediction equations aiming at specific ingredients should be established, and more practical validation approaches need to be developed. | Zhongchao Li Hu Liu akui Li Zhiqian Lv Ling Liu Changhua Lai Junjun Wang Fenglai Wang Defa Li Shuai Zhang | 2018 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2018，9，3： | 6 |
| 4 | Metabolic characteristics and nutrient utilization in high-feedefficiency pigs selected using different feed conversion ratio models显示文摘An understanding of the nutrient utilization characteristics of pigs with different feed efficiencies(FEs) will help us to develop new strategies to reduce the costs of pig production.In this study,we selected pigs with a range of FEs according to two feed conversion ratio models: the feed intake(FI) model,where pigs had the same average daily gains(ADGs) but different FIs,and the ADG model,where pigs had the same FIs but different ADGs.High-FE pigs had a higher abundance of short chain fatty acid(SCFA)-producing bacteria(Lachnospiraceae,Clostridiaceae1,and Coriobacteriaceae) in their caecum in the FI model,and low-FE pigs had a higher abundance of two families(BacteroidalesS247group and Peptococcaceae) and two genera(Anaerotruncus and CandidatusSoleaferrea) in both models.By contrast,high-FE pigs had more goblet cells and higher m RNA expression of insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1) in the FI model,and higher mRNA expression of occludin but lower expressions of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)-α2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha(PGC1α) in the ADG model.These findings suggest that the presence of SCFA-producing bacteria in the caecum and increased muscular growth may contribute to the high FE of low-FI pigs,while improved intestinal functions and decreased mitochondrial activity in the skeletal muscle are related to the high FE of high-ADG pigs. | Beibei He Tiantian Li Wei Wang Hang Gao Yu Bai Shuai Zhang Jianjun Zang Defa Li Junjun Wang | 2019 | Science China(Life Sciences)2019，62，7： | 5 |
| 5 | Use of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy for the rapid determination of the digestible energy and metabolizable energy content of corn fed to growing pigs显示文摘Background: The ability of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy(NIRS) to determine the digestible energy(DE)and metabolizable energy(ME) content of corn fed to growing pigs was tested. One hundred and seventeen corn samples, comprising different planting regions and varieties were collected from all over China in a three-year period. The samples were randomly split into a calibration set(n = 88) and a validation set(n = 29). The actual and calculated DE and ME content of the corn samples was determined by digestion-metabolism experiments and the prediction equations of Noblet and Perez(J Anim Sci. 71:3389–98,1993). The samples were then subjected to NIRS scanning and calibrations were performed by the modified partial least square(MPLS) regression method based on77 different spectral pre-treatments. The NIRS equations based on the actually determined and calculated DE and ME were built separately and then validated using validation samples.Results: The NIRS equations obtained from actually determined DE, the coefficient of determination for calibration(RSQ_(cal)), cross-validation(R^2_(CV)), and validation(RSQ_v) were 0.89, 0.87 and 0.86, and these values for determined ME were 0.87, 0.86 and 0.86. For the NIRS equations built from calculated DE, the RSQ_(cal), R^2_(CV), and RSQvvalues were 0.88, 0.85 and 0.84, and these values for calculated ME were 0.86, 0.84 and 0.82. Except for the equation based on calculated ME(RPD_v= 2.38, < 2.50), the other three equations built from actually determined energy and calculated DE produced good prediction performance(RPD_vranging from 2.53 to 2.69, > 2.50) when applied to validation samples.Conclusion: These results indicate that NIRS can be used as a quantitative method for the rapid determination of the available energy in corn fed to growing pigs, and the NIRS equations based on the actually determined energy produced better predictive performance than those built from calculated energy values. | Juntao Li Quanfeng Li Defa Li Yiqiang Chen Xiaoxiao Wang Wenjun Yang Liying Zhang | 2017 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2017，8，1： | 4 |
| 6 | Preparation Porous Monolithic Column and Its Chromatographic Performance显示文摘结合连续加料降低聚合体系的放热量,及强化体系的换热能力等措施,实现了无搅拌模式聚合体系中温度分布的均一化.通过单次聚合过程构造了体积为38 mL的大体积整体固定相.SEM及孔隙率分布测试证明了整体固定相具有均匀的孔结构,动态容量测定及分离蛋白质的实验,表明所制备的径向流动模式整体柱的容量及分辨率不依赖于流速,同时在高流速下具有低背压的特征,可用于生物大分子的分离制备. | Chen Guoliang Zhang Xiaohui Shang Defa Wang Qingbin Yang Changlong Li Tong | 2006 | 分析化学2006，34，10： | 3 |
| 7 | Effects of different amino acid levels and a carvacrol-thymol blend on growth performance and intestinal health of weaned pigs显示文摘Background:Over the past years,antibiotic growth promoter had been restricted in animal husbandry production in many countries because of antimicrobial resistance and foodborne antibiotic residues.However,the problems of poor intestinal health and low growth efficiency of piglets have not been solved completely in an antibiotic-free diet,and it is urgent to explore alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters.Methods:Here,a total of 532 weaned pigs were assigned to one of 4 treatments,the low amino acid(AA)level diet(d 1 to d 14 is 1.35%,d 15 to d 42 is 1.25%)(Low AA),the low AA level diet supplementation with a carvacrol-thymol blend(50 mg carvacrol and 50 mg thymol/kg of diet)(CB)(Low AA+CB),the high AA level diet(d 1 to d 14 is 1.50%,d 15 to d 42 is 1.40%)(High AA),and the high AA level diet supplementation with a CB(High AA+CB),respectively.Then we measured growth performance and intestinal health indicators of weaned pigs.Results:Results showed that high AA level significantly reduced plasma urea nitrogen,plasma Interleukin-6(IL-6)and fecal lipocalin-2 contents(P<0.05),significantly increased the relative abundance of fecal Lactobacillus and Enterococcus,and had a trend to increase the fecal secretory immunoglobulin A(sIgA)and mucin 2(MUC 2)contents(P<0.05)in piglets,thereby alleviating the diarrhea of piglets and reducing the feed conversion ratio(FCR)of piglets during d 1~14 after weaning.Dietary supplementation with CB significantly increased the activity of plasma antioxidant enzymes T-SOD and GSH-px(P<0.05),while significantly reduced plasma malondialdehyde(MDA),plasma interleukin-1β(IL-1β),plasma endotoxin and D-lactic acid contents(P<0.05).Meanwhile,CB significantly decreased fecal lipocalin-2 contents and the abundance of fecal Escherichia coli(P<0.05).Thus,we hypothesis that dietary supplementation with CB significantly increased the average daily gain(ADG)of piglets(P<0.05)during d 1~14 after weaning through promoting intestinal health.Conclusion:These results suggest that high AA level and dietary supplementation with CB improved the growth performance of weaned pigs in an antibiotic-free diet by improving AA metabolism and intestinal antioxidant capacity. | Yanan Wang Zhipeng Yang Yuanfei Zhou Jiajian Tan Haiqing Sun Defa Sun Yuyun Mu Jian Peng Hongkui Wei | 2022 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2022，13，5： | 2 |
| 8 | Seawater hydraulics:From the sea surface to depths of 11000 meters显示文摘Using seawater as the working medium,the seawater hydraulic system has significant advantages in the deep sea,such as eliminating contamination caused by oil leaks,no oil tanks,and the ability to automatically adapt to sea depths.As working depths increase,seawater hydraulic technology faces enormous challenges.First,the physical and chemical properties of seawater,such as density,temperature,and composition,change significantly.Second,hydraulic components are subject to an environmental pressure of up to 110 MPa,which causes serious deformation or even seizure of moving pairs and significantly affects the efficiency of hydraulic components.The friction and wear characteristics between the moving pairs also significantly change with the change in sea depth,therefore developing the matching material according to depth is necessary.Finally,the cavitation characteristic of a valve port is obviously different from that on land,so special material and structure should be used to improve the service life of the valve port.These factors severely restrict the improvement of the working depths and characteristics of seawater hydraulic components.This article focuses on the abovementioned problems and provides solutions for deep-sea seawater hydraulic technology. | LIU YinShui CHENG Qian WANG ZhenYao PANG Hao DENG YiPan ZHOU XinPing LUO XiaoHui CUI Yan WU DeFa | 2022 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2022，65，9： | 2 |
| 9 | PORK PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN CHINA:A REVIEW OF THEIR DEVELOPMENT,CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS IN GREEN PRODUCTION显示文摘This paper reviews the changes in pork production in China,the largest pork producing and consuming nation in the world.The pork sector in China has changed dramatically since the 1990s,with large-scale intensive pork production systems replacing the former,exclusively family-based pork production systems.Modern breeding,feeding,vaccinating,and management technologies are widely used now.However,smallholders still account for a large proportion of the total production.The intensification and specialization of the pork sector is expected to continue in the future,but there is increasing awareness and pressure to develop more environmentally-sustainable production systems.The relative shortage of domestically produced feed,the low utilization efficiency of feed ingredients,the large emissions of nitrogen and phosphorus to the environment,the high use of antibiotics,and the presence of residual metals in manures are very large challenges for the pork sector nowadays.To solve these problems,techniques including new feed resource utilization,precise feeding,low-protein diets,alternatives to antibiotics and increased manure recycling are all important topics and research directions today.With new techniques and management approaches,it is possible to build more sustainable pork production systems in China. | Shuai ZHANG Xin WU Dandan HAN Yong HOU Jianzhuang TAN Sung Woo KIM Defa LI Yulong YIN Junjun WANG | 2021 | Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering2021，8，1： | 2 |
| 10 | Chemical Physics Letters显示文摘 | Wang Defa Zou Zhigang Ye Jinhua | 2003 | 373: 191-1962003，373，： | 1 |
| 11 | Central GLP-2 Enhances Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity via Activating PI3K Signaling in POMC Neurons显示文摘 | Xuemei Shi Fuguo Zhou Xiaojie Li Benny Chang Depei Li Yi Wang Qingchun Tong Yong Xu Makoto Fukuda Jean J. Zhao Defa Li Douglas G. Burrin Lawrence Chan Xinfu Guan | 2013 | Cell Metabolism2013，，1： | 1 |
| 12 | The effect of calcium level on microbial phytase activity and nutrient balance in swine 显示文摘 | Li DeFa Che X R Wang Y Q | 1999 | Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences1999，12，2： | 1 |
| 13 | A study of thevegetation on the Da-Chen Island of Zhejiang Province显示文摘 | Guo Liang Wang Donglai Shi Defa | 1995 | East China Forest Management1995，9，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Improvement of shape memory effect by ausforming in Fe-28Mn-6Si-5Cr alloy显示文摘 | Wang Defa Liu Daozhi Dong Zhizhong | 2001 | Materials Science and Enginsering2001，315，： | 1 |
| 15 | Synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic activity of NaNbO3 prepared by hydrothermal and polymerized complex methods显示文摘 | Guoqiang Li a b c Tetsuya Kako b Defa Wang b Zhigang Zou a c Jinhua Ye | 2008 | Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids2008，69，： | 1 |
| 16 | A new spinel-type photo catalyst BaCr2O4 for H2 evolution under UV and visible light irra diation 显示文摘 | Wang Defa Zou Zhigang Ye Jinhua | 2003 | Chemical Physics Letters2003，373，： | 1 |
| 17 | Composition dependence of the photophysical and pho-tocatalytic properties of(AgNbO3)1-x(NaNbO3)x sol-id solution显示文摘 | LI GUOQIANG TETSUYA KAKO WANG DEFA | 2007 | Journal of Solid State Chemistry2007，180，10： | 1 |
| 18 | Porous-structured Cu<SUB>2</SUB>O/TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanojunction material toward efficient CO<SUB>2</SUB> photoreduction显示文摘 | Hua Xu Shuxin Ouyang Lequan Liu Defa Wang Tetsuya Kako Jinhua Ye | 2014 | Nanotechnology2014，，16： | 1 |
| 19 | 显示文摘 | Defa Wang Zhigang Zou Jinhua Ye | 2003 | Chemical Physics Letters2003，373，： | 1 |
| 20 | A new spinel-type photocatalyst BaCr2O4 for H2 evolution under UV and visible light irradiation 显示文摘 | WANG Defa ZOU Zhigang YE Jinhua | 2003 | Chem Phys Lett2003，373，： | 1 |
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