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| 1 | Temperature variations recovered from tree-rings in the middle Qilian Mountain over the last millennium显示文摘Based on the cross-dated tree-ring samples collected from the middle Qilian Moun- tain, a standard ring-width chronology had been developed, which covered the period AD 1000 to 2000. The correlations between the chronology and climatic records from the nearby meteorological stations indicated that temperature was the dominant climatic factor for tree growth at upper timberline, and the most important climatic factor for the tree growth in the area was the mean temperature from previous December to current April. The temperature variations recovered from the ring-width data showed a cold period during the “Little Ice Age” and the con- tinuous warming during the twentieth century. Comparison between the ring-width chronology and δ18O records from the Dunde ice core in the Qilian Mountain indicated that there was a con- sistent trend in both time series. A significant correlation existed between our ring-width chro- nology and the Northern Hemispheric temperature, suggesting that the climate changes in the Qilian Mountain were not only driven by regional factors, but also responsive to the global cli- mate. | LIU Xiaohong1,2, QIN Dahe1, SHAO Xuemei , CHEN Tuo1 & REN Jiawen12 1. Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China 2. Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，4： | 66 |
| 2 | 中国西部绿色发展概念框架显示文摘综合绿色发展的国际经验,以自然资本、经济资本、社会资本与人力资本四大资本为核心,提出了中国西部地区绿色发展概念框架。中国西部地区绿色发展概念框架是以'发展中促转变,转变中谋发展'的良性循环发展原则为指导原则,分析西部地区社会经济发展及生态环境和自然资源保护两个方面在发展过程中相互促进和制约的关系,并根据西部地区当前经济资本、环境资本、社会资本以及人力资本数量,通过政府适当干预,如区域规划、区内调整,最终实现社会经济与生态环境和自然资源相协调的绿色发展。该框架综合考虑了中国西部在绿色发展道路上特有挑战与机遇,阐明了社会经济发展与资源环境承载力之间的相互作用机制,明确了中国西部地区'生态友好、社会包容和内生增长'的绿色发展目标。最后,本文针对该绿色发展框架提出了中国西部地区绿色发展的政策建议:提出'西部地区绿色发展战略'是当前西部地区绿色发展进程中最为迫切的需求,中央政府应当尽快制定和实施'西部地区绿色发展战略',同时西部地区政府在省级和地方层面将保护中国西部生态环境与区域扶贫开发相结合,加大对以提升西部地区人力资本为目的的各类工程的投入,强化区域绿色基础建设和生态服务供给,缓解西部地区贫困,提升区域绿色发展进程的速度和质量;开展财政体制机制改革,以提高各级财政资金的使用效率;结合各省发展需求与条件实施以生态城市为发展目标的可持续城镇化发展模式,制定差异化的城镇化发展战略;在西部地区重点和限制开发区尤其是贫困集中和区域发展潜力较大地区,鼓励具有区域特色的新型绿色产业的发展。在发展过程中不断加强制度创新以引导长期绿色发展。 | 刘纪远 邓祥征 刘卫东 李海英 Robyn KRUK Derek THOMPSON Peishen WANG Xuemei BAI | 2013 | 中国人口·资源与环境2013，23，10： | 75 |
| 3 | Trends of incidence rate and age at diagnosis for cervical cancer in China,from 2000 to 2014显示文摘Objective: To analyze the trends of incidence rate and age at diagnosis for cervical cancer incidence in China using population-based cancer registration data from 2000 to 2014.Methods: Data were from National Central Cancer Registry of China.Crude incidence rates(CIRs),age-specific incidence rate,age-standardized incidence rates(ASIRs),age percentage distribution,standardized age percentage distribution,mean age at diagnosis and standardized mean age at diagnosis for cervical cancer in all areas of China,urban China and rural China were calculated separately.The world Segi's population was applied to remove the age structure influence.Joinpoint regression was performed to obtain average annual percent change(AAPC) and ageperiod-cohort analysis was used to examine the incidence trends.Results: CIRs and ASIRs for cervical cancer increased in China from 2000 to 2014.The AAPC of ASIRs in China was at 9.2% [95% confidence interval(95% CI): 7.0%–11.5%,P<0.05],and the AAPC in rural areas was relatively high.The age-specific incidence rate in groups aged 0–69 years have significantly increased over time.Groups aged 40–69 years showed the highest incidence risk,and the annual percent changes(APCs) of incidence rate in groups aged 40–59 years in urban China and groups aged 0–49 years in rural China were more than 10%.For each age group,the urban-to-rural incidence rate ratios(IRRs) got close to 1 over time.There were clear birth cohort effects in successive generations born from 1940 to 1970 in China.In rural China,the standardized mean age at diagnosis had significantly declined by 5.18 years.In China,the main peak and secondary peak of standardized age percentages appeared in the groups aged 45–49 and 40–44 years,respectively.In rural China,the main peak of standardized age percentage moved from the group aged 55–59 years to the group aged 45–49 years,and the standardized age percentages of groups aged 25–34 years also increased.In China,the standardized age percentages has significantly increased in groups aged 35–64 and 30–64 years over time,and accounted for about80% and 85% in 2014,respectively.Conclusions: The cervical cancer incidence increased in China and the gap of incidence between urban and rural China was narrowed.The trends of increasing cervical cancer incidence among younger women existed in China,especially in rural China.A more appropriate screening,vaccination and health education strategies should be established. | Xueting Li Rongshou Zheng Xuemei Li Haibin Shah Qi Wu Yan Wang Wanqing Chen | 2017 | Chinese Journal of Cancer Research2017，29，6： | 64 |
| 4 | Tree-ring based PDSI reconstruction since AD 1842 in the Ortindag Sand Land,east Inner Mongolia显示文摘epartment of Wood Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg D-21031, GermanyBased on three Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.) and one Meyer spruce (Picea meyeri Rehd. et Wils.) ring-width chronologies, a 163-year drought history was reconstructed in the eastern Ortindag Sand Land. All tree-ring chronologies show large inter-annual variations and strong common signals and fairly consistent variation between different chronologies, indicating that they are excellent proxy of regional climate. A regional chronology (RC) was established by averaging the four standard chronologies and further employed for the analysis and climatic reconstruction. The analysis revealed that tree growth is primarily limited by low precipitation in February-March and June-July and high temperature in May-July. In addition, RC has high correlations with the monthly Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) prior to and during the growing season because the PDSI considers the accumulation of the droughts. Response function analysis revealed that RC only exhibits significant correlations with the PDSI in June and July (close to the 95% significance level in May). Because May―July is a critical period for tree growth, the average May-July PDSI (PDSI5-7) was reconstructed back to 1842 using RC in the Ortindag Sand Land. The reconstruction can explain 52% of the PDSI variance and the equation was rather stable over time. It agrees well with the variation of the average dryness/wetness indices in North China,and captures the decline process of the East Asian summer monsoon since the mid-1960s. It is worth noting that the Ortindag Sand Land has experienced the most severe drought in the recent 40 years based on the 163-year drought reconstruction. Like summer precipitation in North China the reconstructed PDSI5-7 also displays a 20-year oscillation. | LIANG ErYuan SHAO XueMei LIU HongYan ECKSTEIN Dieter | 2007 | Chinese Science Bulletin2007，52，19： | 37 |
| 5 | Millennial temperature reconstruction based on tree-ring widths of Qilian juniper from Wulan,Qinghai Province,China显示文摘The climate of the past 1000 years is an important context for evaluating the recent climate warming.However,there are few 1000-year-long climate reconstructions with annual resolution in the Qing-hai-Tibet Plateau.In this paper,a dendroclimatic analysis was conducted for the radial growth of Qilian juniper from the upper forest limit in Wulan,Qinghai Province.The results of correlation analysis between the tree-ring widths and the climate variables indicate that the growth of junipers at the upper forest limit is mainly limited by low temperatures of September,November and February of the pregrowth season,and July of the current growth season.There is no significant correlation between the tree-ring widths and precipitation.A mean temperature from the previous year's September to the current year's April was reconstructed for the Wulan area since A.D.1000.The reconstruction can explain 40.8% of the instrumental variance in the calibration period(1856―2002).The reconstruction shows that the 20th century is the warmest 100 years,and the 1990s is the warmest decade during the past 1000 years,while the coldest 100 years and decade occur at 1600―1699 and 1642―1651,respectively.The variations are verified well by the temperature reconstruction of the middle Qilian Mountain(QL) and the total organic carbon(TOC) in the Qinghai Lake sediments.The comparison of our reconstruction with the annual temperature reconstruction of extra-tropical Northern Hemisphere suggests that the climate of Wulan during the Medieval Warm Period is of obvious regional specialty,but there was a good response to the climate of hemispheric scales during the recent 400 years. | ZHU HaiFeng ZHENG YongHong SHAO XueMei LIU XiaoHong XU Yan LIANG ErYuan | 2008 | Chinese Science Bulletin2008，53，24： | 40 |
| 6 | The role of the gut microbiome and its metabolites in metabolic diseases显示文摘It is well known that an unhealthy lifestyle is a major risk factor for metabolic diseases,while in recent years,accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the gut microbiome and its metabolites also play a crucial role in the onset and development of many metabolic diseases,including obesity,type 2 diabetes,nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,cardiovascular disease and so on.Numerous microorganisms dwell in the gastrointestinal tract,which is a key interface for energy acquisition and can metabolize dietary nutrients into many bioactive substances,thus acting as a link between the gut microbiome and its host.The gut microbiome is shaped by host genetics,immune responses and dietary factors.The metabolic and immune potential of the gut microbiome determines its significance in host health and diseases.Therefore,targeting the gut microbiome and relevant metabolic pathways would be effective therapeutic treatments for many metabolic diseases in the near future.This review will summarize information about the role of the gut microbiome in organism metabolism and the relationship between gut microbiome-derived metabolites and the pathogenesis of many metabolic diseases.Furthermore,recent advances in improving metabolic diseases by regulating the gut microbiome will be discussed. | Jiayu Wu Kai Wang Xuemei Wang Yanli Pang Changtao Jiang | 2021 | Protein & Cell2021，12，5： | 40 |
| 7 | Holocene vegetational and climatic variation in westerly-dominated areas of Central Asia inferred from the Sayram Lake in northern Xinjiang,China显示文摘Changes in the vegetation and climate of the westerly-dominated areas in Central Asia during the Holocene were interpreted using pollen-assemblages and charcoal data from a 300-cm-long sediment core of the Sayram Lake,northern Xinjiang.Accele-rator Mass Spectrometry(AMS) radiocarbon dating methods were applied to bulk organic matter of the samples.Artemisia spp./Chenopodiaceae ratios and results from principal component analysis were used to infer that the lake basin was dominated by desert vegetation before ca.9.6 cal.ka BP,which suggests a warm and dry climate in the early Holocene.Desert steppe/steppe expanded during 9.6-5.5 cal.ka BP,indicating a remarkable increase both in the precipitation and temperature during the mid-Holocene.Desert vegetation dominated between 6.5 and 5.5 cal.ka BP,marking an extreme warmer and drier interval.The steppe/meadow steppe recovered,and temperatures decreased from 5.5 cal.ka BP in the late Holocene,as indicated by the increased abundance of Artemisia and the development of meadows.Holocene temperatures and moisture variations in the Sayram Lake areas were similar to those of adjacent areas.This consistency implies that solar radiation was the main driving factor for regional temperature changes,and that the effect of temperature variations was significant on regional changes in humidity.The evolution of climate and environment in the Sayram Lake areas,which were characterized as dry in the early Holocene and relatively humid in the middle-late Holocene,are clearly different from those in monsoonal areas.Dry conditions in the early Holocene in the Sayram Lake areas were closely related to decreased water vapor advection.These conditions were a result of reduced westerly wind speeds and less evaporation upstream,which in turn were caused by seasonal changes in solar radiation superimposed by strong evaporation following warming and drying local climate. | JIANG QingFeng JI JunFeng SHEN Ji Ryo MATSUMOTO TONG GuoBang QIAN Peng REN XueMei YAN DeZhi | 2013 | Science China Earth Sciences2013，56，3： | 32 |
| 8 | Structures of EV71 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in complex with substrate and analogue provide a drug target against the hand-foot-and-mouth disease pandemic in China显示文摘Enterovirus 71(EV71),one of the major causative agents for hand-foot-and-mouth disease(HFMD),has caused more than 100 deaths among Chinese children since March 2008.The EV71 genome encodes an RNAdependent RNA polymerase(RdRp),denoted 3D^(pol),which is central for viral genome replication and is a key target for the discovery of specific antiviral therapeutics.Here we report the crystal structures of EV71 RdRp(3D^(pol))and in complex with substrate guanosine-5'-triphosphate and analog 5-bromouridine-5'-triphosphate best to 2.4Åresolution.The structure of EV71 RdRp(3D^(pol))has a wider open thumb domain compared with the most closely related crystal structure of poliovirus RdRp.And the EV71 RdRp(3D^(pol))complex with GTP or Br-UTP bounded shows two distinct movements of the polymerase by substrate or analogue binding.The model of the complex with the template:primer derived by superimposition with foot-and-mouth disease virus(FMDV)3D/RNA complex reveals the likely recognition and binding of template:primer RNA by the polymerase.These results together provide a molecular basis for EV71 RNA replication and reveal a potential target for anti-EV71 drug discovery. | Yang Wu Zhiyong Lou Yi Miao Yue Yu Hui Dong Wei Peng Mark Bartlam Xuemei Li Zihe Rao | 2010 | Protein & Cell2010，1，5： | 30 |
| 9 | Ablation of gut microbiota alleviates obesity-induced hepatic steatosis and glucose intolerance by modulating bile acid metabolism in hamsters显示文摘Since metabolic process differs between humans and mice, studies were performed in hamsters, which are generally considered to be a more appropriate animal model for studies of obesityrelated metabolic disorders. The modulation of gut microbiota, bile acids and the farnesoid X receptor(FXR) axis is correlated with obesity-induced insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in mice. However,the interactions among the gut microbiota, bile acids and FXR in metabolic disorders remained largely unexplored in hamsters. In the current study, hamsters fed a 60% high-fat diet(HFD) were administeredvehicle or an antibiotic cocktail by gavage twice a week for four weeks. Antibiotic treatment alleviated HFD-induced glucose intolerance, hepatic steatosis and inflammation accompanied with decreased hepatic lipogenesis and elevated thermogenesis in subcutaneous white adipose tissue(sWAT). In the livers of antibiotic-treated hamsters, cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily B member 1(CYP7 B1) in the alternative bile acid synthesis pathway was upregulated, contributing to a more hydrophilic bile acid profile with increased tauro-β-muricholic acid(TβMCA). The intestinal FXR signaling was suppressed but remained unchanged in the liver. This study is of potential translational significance in determining the role of gut microbiota-mediated bile acid metabolism in modulating diet-induced glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis in the hamster. | Lulu Sun Yuanyuan Pang Xuemei Wang Qing Wu Huiying Liu Bo Liu George Liu Min Ye Wei Kong Changtao Jiang | 2019 | Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B2019，9，4： | 29 |
| 10 | WRF/CHEM modeling of impacts of weather conditions modified by urban expansion on secondary organic aerosol formation over Pearl River Delta显示文摘In this paper,the online Weather Research and Forecasting and Chemistry (WRF/CHEM) model,coupled with urban canopy (UCM) and biogenic-emission models,is used to explore impacts of urban expansion on secondary organic aerosols (SOA) formation. Two scenarios of urban maps are used in WRF/CHEM to represent early 1990s (pre-urbanization) and current urban distribution in the Pearl River Delta (PRD). Month-long simulation results using the above land-use scenarios for March 2001 show:(1) urbanization can increase monthly averaged temperatures by about 0.63 ?C,decrease monthly averaged 10-m wind speeds by 38%,increase monthly averaged boundary-layer depths by 80 m,and decrease monthly aver-aged water mixing ratio by 0.2 g/kg. (2) Changes in meteorological conditions can result in detectable concentration changes of NOx,VOC,O3 and NO3 radicals. Urbanization decreases surface NOx and VOC concentrations by a maximum of 4 ppbv and 1.5 ppbv,respectively. Surface O3 and NO3 radical concen-trations over major cities increase by about 2-4 ppbv and 4-12 pptv,respectively; areas with increasing O3 and NO3 radical concentrations generally coincide with the areas of temperature increase and wind speed reduction where NOx and VOC decrease. (3) Urbanization can induce 9% increase of SOA in Foshan,Zhongshan and west Guangzhou and 3% decrease in Shenzhen and Dongguan. Over PRD major cities,SOA from Aitken mode reduces by 30% but with more than 70% SOA from accumulate mode. Urbanization has stronger influence on SOA formation from Aitken mode. (4) Over the PRD,55-65% SOA comes from aromatics precursors. Urbanization has strongest influence on aromatics precursors to produce SOA (14% increase),while there is less influence on alkane precursors. Alkene precursors have negative contribution to SOA formation under urbanization situation. | Xuemei Wang Zhiyong Wu Guixiong Liang | 2009 | Particuology2009，7，5： | 25 |
| 11 | Effects of dietary Clostridium butyricum supplementation on growth performance,intestinal development,and immune response of weaned piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharide显示文摘Background: Weanling pigs, with immature immune system and physiological function, usually experience postweaning diarrhea. This study determined the effects of dietary Clostridium butyricum supplementation on growth performance, diarrhea, and immunity of weaned pigs challenged with lipopolysaccharide(LPS).Methods: In Experiment(Exp.) 1,144 weaned piglets were weaned at 21 d and randomly assigned to six groups,with six replicates per group and four pigs per replicate, receiving a control diet(CON) or diet supplemented with antibiotics(AB) or C. butyricum(CB)(0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%, or 0.8%), respectively. All diets in Exp. 1 were a highly digestible basal diet, with 3,000 mg/kg zinc oxide supplied in the first 2 wk only. In Exp. 2, 180 piglets were weaned at 21 d and randomly assigned to five groups, with six replicates per group and six pigs per replicate, receiving CON, AB, or CB(0.2%, 0.4%, or 0.6%) diets. The digestibility of diets was lower than those in Exp. 1, and did not include zinc oxide. At 36 d of Exp. 2, 12 piglets were selected from each of the CON and 0.4% CB groups, six piglets were intraperitoneally injected with LPS(50 μg/kg body weight) and the other six piglets with normal saline;animals were killed at 4 h after injection to collect blood, intestine, and digesta samples for biochemical analysis.Results: In Exp. 1, CB and AB diets had no effect on growth performance of piglets. In Exp. 2, 0.4% CB decreased feed-gain ratio(P < 0.1), diarrhea score(P < 0.05), and increased duodenal, jejunal, and ileal villus height and jejunal villus height/crypt depth(P < 0.05). The 0.4% CB decreased the plasma tumor necrosis factor(TNF) α(P < 0.05) but increased ileal mucosa IL-10 and TLR2 mRNA expression(P < 0.05). Furthermore, 0.4% CB altered the microbial profile, with Bacillus and Ruminococcaceae UGG-003 at genus level and Lactobacillus casei and Parasutterella secunda at species level were higher than CON in colonic content(P < 0.05).Conclusions: Dietary C. butyricum supplementation had positive effects on growth of weaned piglets with less digestible diets. There was a tendency to reduce the feed-gain ratio, which could reduce feed costs in pig production. Moreover, C. butyricum decreased post-weaning diarrhea by improving the intestinal morphology,intestinal microflora profile, and immune function. | Ling Chen Shuang Li Jie Zheng Wentao Li Xuemei Jiang Xilun Zhao Jian Li Lianqiang Che Yan Lin Shengyu Xu Bin Feng Zhengfeng Fang De Wu | 2018 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2018，9，4： | 26 |
| 12 | CO_2 capture from binary mixture via forming hydrate with the help of tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide显示文摘Hydrate formation rate and separation effect on the capture of CO2 from binary mixture via forming hydrate with 5 wt% tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) solution were studied. The results showed that the induction time was 5 min, and the hydrate formation process finished in 1 h at 4.5 °C and 4.01 MPa. The hydrate formation rate constant reached the maximum of 1.84×10-7 mol2/(s J) with the feed pressure of 7.30 MPa. The CO2 recovery was about 45% in the feed pressure range from 4.30 to 7.30 MPa. Under the feed pressure of 4.30 MPa, the maximum separation factor and CO2 concentration in hydrate phase were 7.3 and 38.2 mol%, respectively. The results demonstrated that TBAB accelerated hydrate formation and enriched CO2 in hydrate phase under the gentle condition. | Shifeng Li Shuanshi Fan Jingqu Wang Xuemei Lang Deqing Liang | 2009 | Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry2009，18，1： | 22 |
| 13 | Apoptosis-inducing activity of the antimicrobial peptide cecropin of Musca domestica in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line BEL-7402 and the possible mechanism显示文摘我们在人的 hepatocellular 癌房间线 BEL-7402 和它的内在的机制学习了蝇属 domestica 的抗菌剂肽 cecropin 的导致 apoptosis 性质。人的 hepatocellular 癌 BEL-7402 房间和人的正常的肝房间的增长抑制被 MTT 试金决定,并且房间生存能力被 trypan 蓝色染料排除试金决定。与 cecropin 对待的 apoptotic 肿瘤房间被传播电子显微镜学和 terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase 检验标记的调停的刻痕结束。apoptosis 率被流动 cytometry (FCM ) 与 PI/Annexin-V 测量两倍染色。西方的污点分析和 RT-PCR 被用来决定涉及 apoptosis 的蛋白质的表示层次,例如船边交货, Fas-L, caspase-8,和 caspase-3。试验性的结果证明蝇属 domestica cecropin 在剂量依赖者和时间依赖者礼貌禁止了人的 hepatocellular 癌 BEL-7402 房间的增长,没有影响正常的肝房间的增长。FCM 证明房间 apoptosis 率是 5. | Xiaobao Jin | 2010 | Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica2010，42，4： | 23 |
| 14 | Differential expression of serum miR-126,miR-141 and miR-21 as novel biomarkers for early detection of liver metastasis in colorectal cancer显示文摘Objective:MicroRNAs(miRNAs) have potential as diagnostic biomarkers in cancer.Evaluation of the association between miRNA expression patterns and early detection of liver metastasis in colorectal cancer(CRC) has not been reported.Methods:We investigated the expression of metastasis-associated miRs-31,335,206,141,126,200b,200c,21,Let7a,Let7b and Let7c in localized,liver-metastatic and other organ-metastatic CRC(OM-CRC).Expressions of target miRNAs in serum were evaluated in 116 consecutive localized CRC(L-CRC),72 synchronous liver-metastatic CRC(SLM-CRC) and 36 other OM-CRC by quantitative real-time PCR.Results:Seven of 11 tested miRNAs could be detected from serum.Four miRNAs,miR-126,Let-7a,miR-141 and miR-21 were identified as metastasis-associated miRNAs.Compared with L-CRC,significant upregulated expression was observed for miR-141 and miR-21 in SLM-CRC and OM-CRC,down-regulated expression was observed for miR-126 in SLM-CRC and OM-CRC,and up-regulated expression of Let-7a in OM-CRC.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve showed serum miR-126 had a cut-off [log 10 relative quantity(log 10 RQ)=–0.2005] with 77.78% sensitivity and 68.97% specificity with an area under curve(AUC) of 0.7564,miR-141 had a cut-off(log 10 RQ=–0.2285) with 86.11% sensitivity and 76.11% specificity with an AUC of 0.8279,and miR-21 had a cut-off(log 10 RQ=–0.1310) with 73.61% sensitivity and 66.38% specificity with an AUC of 0.7479.Conclusions:We identified liver metastasis-associated miRNAs,suggesting serum miR-126,miR-141 and miR-21 may be novel biomarkers for clinical diagnosis of early stage liver-metastatic CRC. | Jie Yin Zhigang Bai Jianning Song Yun Yang Jin Wang Wei Han Jun Zhang Hua Meng Xuemei Ma Yao Yang Tingting Wang Weirong Li Zhongtao Zhang | 2014 | Chinese Journal of Cancer Research2014，26，1： | 22 |
| 15 | Wet and dry deposition fluxes of heavy metals in Pearl River Delta Region(China):Characteristics,ecological risk assessment,and source apportionment显示文摘The atmospheric deposition of heavy metals poses serious risks to the ecological system and human health. To advance our knowledge of atmospheric dry/wet heavy metal deposition in the PRD region, monthly fluxes were examined based on soluble/insoluble fractions of five heavy metal elements(Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr and Zn) in samples collected from January 2014 to December 2015 at Guangzhou(urban) and Dinghushan(suburban) sites. The ratios of wet/dry deposition fluxes indicated that heavy metal deposition was governed by wet deposition rather than dry deposition in the PRD region. Affected by the shifting of the Asian monsoon, wet deposition fluxes exhibited significant seasonal variation between summer monsoon seasons(April to September) and winter monsoon seasons(October to February) in this region. Cd was classified as an extremely strong potential ecological risk based on solubility and the Hakanson ecological risk index. Source contributions to wet deposition were calculated by PMF, suggesting that dust, biomass burning, industries,vehicles, long-range transport and marine aerosol sources in Guangzhou, and Zn fertilizers,marine aerosol sources, agriculture, incense burning, biomass burning, vehicles and the ceramics industry in Dinghushan, were the potential sources of heavy metals. | Lyumeng Ye Minjuan Huang Buqing Zhong Xuemei Wang Qiulan Tu Haoran Sun Chao Wang Luolin Wu Ming Chang | 2018 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2018，30，8： | 20 |
| 16 | Ecosystem vulnerability of China under B2 climate scenario in the 21st century显示文摘This paper applies climate change scenarios in China based on the SRES assumptions with the help of RCMs projections by PRECIS (providing regional climates for impacts studies) system introduced to China from the Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research at a high-resolution (50 km×50 km) over China. This research focuses on B2 scenario of SRES. A biogeochemical model 'Atmosphere Vegetation Integrated Model (AVIM2)' was applied to simulating ecosystem status in the 21st century. Then vulnerability of ecosystems was assessed based on a set of index of mainly net primary production (NPP) of vegetation. Results show that climate change would affect ecosystem of China severely and there would be a worse trend with the lapse of time. The regions where having vulnerable ecological background would have heavier impacts while some regions with better ecological background would also receive serious impacts. Extreme climate even would bring about worse impact on the ecosystems. Open shrub and desert steppe would be the two most affected types. When the extreme events happen, vulnerable ecosystem would extend to part of defoliate broad-leaved forest, woody grassland and evergreen conifer forest. Climate change would not always be negative. It could be of some benefit to cold region during the near-term. However, in view of mid-term to long-term negative impact on ecosystem vulnerability would be enormously. | WU ShaoHong DAI ErFu HUANG Mei SHAO XueMei LI ShuangCheng TAO Bo | 2007 | Chinese Science Bulletin2007，52，10： | 18 |
| 17 | Meta-analyses on prevalence of selected Parkinson’s nonmotor symptoms before and after diagnosis显示文摘Background:Nonmotor symptoms are common among patients with Parkinson’s disease(PD)and some may precede disease diagnosis.Methods:We conducted a meta-analysis on the prevalence of selected nonmotor symptoms before and after PD diagnosis,using random-effect models.We searched PubMed(1965 through October/November 2012)for the following symptoms:hyposmia,constipation,rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder,excessive daytime sleepiness,depression,and anxiety.Eligible studies were publications in English with original data on one or more of these symptoms.Results:The search generated 2,373 non-duplicated publications and 332 met the inclusion criteria,mostly(n=320)on symptoms after PD diagnosis.For all symptoms,the prevalence was substantially higher in PD cases than in controls,each affecting over a third of the patients.Hyposmia was the most prevalent(75.5%in cases vs.19.1%in controls),followed by constipation(50%vs.17.7%),anxiety(39.9%vs.19.1%),rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder(37.0%vs.7.0%),depression(36.6%vs.14.9%),and excessive daytime sleepiness(33.9%vs.10.5%).We observed substantial heterogeneities across studies and meta-regression analyses suggested that several factors might have contributed to this.However,the prevalence estimates were fairly robust in several sensitivity analyses.Only 20 studies had data on any symptoms prior to PD diagnosis,but still the analyses revealed higher prevalence in future PD cases than in controls.Conclusion:These symptoms are common among PD patients both before and after diagnosis.Further studies are needed to understand the natural history of nonmotor symptoms in PD and their etiological and clinical implications. | Honglei Chen Edward J Zhao Wen Zhang Yi Lu Rui Liu Xuemei Huang Anna J Ciesielski-Jones Michele A Justice Deborah S Cousins Shyamal Peddada | 2015 | Translational Neurodegeneration2015，4，1： | 18 |
| 18 | Impact of nitrogen addition on plant community in a semi-arid temperate steppe in China显示文摘Increased nitrogen (N) deposition will often lead to a decline in species richness in grassland ecosystems but the shifts in functional groups and plant traits are still poorly understood in China.A field experiment was conducted at Duolun,Inner Mongolia,China,to investigate the effects of N addition on a temperate steppe ecosystem.Six N levels (0,3,6,12,24,and 48 g N/(m 2 a)) were added as three applications per year from 2005 to 2010.Enhanced N deposition,even as little as 3 g N/(m 2 a) above ambient N deposition (1.2 g N/(m 2 a)),led to a decline in species richness of the whole community.Increasing N addition can significantly stimulate aboveground biomass of perennial bunchgrasses (PB) but decrease perennial forbs (PF),and induce a slight change in the biomass of shrubs and semi-shrubs (SS).The biomass of annuals (AS) and perennial rhizome grasses (PR) accounts for only a small part of the total biomass.Species richness of PF decreased significantly with increasing N addition rate but there was a little change in the other functional groups.PB,as the dominant functional group,has a relatively higher height than others.Differences in the response of each functional group to N addition have site-specific and species-specific characteristics.We initially infer that N enrichment stimulated the growth of PB,which further suppressed the growth of other functional groups. | Ling SONG XueMei BAO XueJun LIU FuSuo ZHANG | 2012 | Journal of Arid Land2012，4，1： | 18 |
| 19 | Buyang Huanwu Decoction regulates neural stem cell behavior in ischemic brain显示文摘The traditional Chinese medicine Buyang Huanwu Decoction has been shown to improve the neurological function of patients with stroke.However,the precise mechanisms underlying its effect remain poorly understood.In this study,we established a rat model of cerebral ischemia by middle cerebral artery occlusion and intragastrically administered 5 g/kg Buyang Huanwu Decoction,once per day,for 1,7,14 and 28 days after cerebral ischemia.Immunohistochemical staining revealed a number of cells positive for the neural stem cell marker nestin in the cerebral cortex,the subventricular zone and the ipsilateral hippocampal dentate gyrus in rat models of cerebra ischemia.Buyang Huanwu Decoction significantly increased the number of cells positive for5-bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU),a cell proliferation-related marker,microtubule-associated protein-2,a marker of neuronal differentiation,and growth-associated protein 43,a marker of synaptic plasticity in the ischemic rat cerebral regions.The number of positive cells peaked at 14 and 28 days after intragastric administration of Buyang Huanwu Decoction.These findings suggest that Buyang Huanwu Decoction can promote the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells and enhance synaptic plasticity in ischemic rat brain tissue. | Baiyan Liu Guangxian Cai Jian Yi Xuemei Chen | 2013 | Neural Regeneration Research2013，8，25： | 17 |
| 20 | Particle number concentration, size distribution and chemical composition during haze and photochemical smog episodes in Shanghai显示文摘The aerosol number concentration and size distribution as well as size-resolved particle chemical composition were measured during haze and photochemical smog episodes in Shanghai in 2009.The number of haze days accounted for 43%,of which 30%was severe(visibility<2 km)and moderate(2 km≤visibility<3 km)haze,mainly distributed in winter and spring.The mean particle number concentration was about 17,000/cm3in haze,more than 2 times that in clean days.The greatest increase of particle number concentration was in 0.5–1μm and 1–10μm size fractions during haze events,about 17.78times and 8.78 times those of clean days.The largest increase of particle number concentration was within 50–100 nm and 100–200 nm fractions during photochemical smog episodes,about 5.89 times and 4.29 times those of clean days.The particle volume concentration and surface concentration in haze,photochemical smog and clean days were102,49,15μm3/cm3and 949,649,206μm2/cm3,respectively.As haze events got more severe,the number concentration of particles smaller than 50 nm decreased,but the particles of 50–200 nm and 0.5–1μm increased.The diurnal variation of particle number concentration showed a bimodal pattern in haze days.All soluble ions were increased during haze events,of which NH4+,SO42-and NO3-increased greatly,followed by Na+,K+,Ca2+and Cl-.These ions were very different in size-resolved particles during haze and photochemical smog episodes. | Xuemei Wang Jianmin Chen Tiantao Cheng Renyi Zhang Xinming Wang | 2014 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2014，26，9： | 17 |
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