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| 1 | Semistructured interviewing in primary care research:a balance of relationship and rigour显示文摘Semistructured in-depth interviews are commonly used in qualitative research and are the most frequent qualitative data source in health services research.This method typically consists of a dialogue between researcher and participant,guided by a flexible interview protocol and supplemented by follow-up questions,probes and comments.The method allows the researcher to collect open-ended data,to explore participant thoughts,feelings and beliefs about a particular topic and to delve deeply into personal and sometimes sensitive issues.The purpose of this article was to identify and describe the essential skills to designing and conducting semistructured interviews in family medicine and primary care research settings.We reviewed the literature on semistructured interviewing to identify key skills and components for using this method in family medicine and primary care research settings.Overall,semistructured interviewing requires both a relational focus and practice in the skills of facilitation.Skills include:(1)determining the purpose and scope of the study;(2)identifying participants;(3)considering ethical issues;(4)planning logistical aspects;(5)developing the interview guide;(6)establishing trust and rapport;(7)conducting the interview;(8)memoing and reflection;(9)analysing the data;(10)demonstrating the trustworthiness of the research;and(11)presenting findings in a paper or report.Semistructured interviews provide an effective and feasible research method for family physicians to conduct in primary care research settings.Researchers using semistructured interviews for data collection should take on a relational focus and consider the skills of interviewing to ensure quality.Semistructured interviewing can be a powerful tool for family physicians,primary care providers and other health services researchers to use to understand the thoughts,beliefs and experiences of individuals.Despite the utility,semistructured interviews can be intimidating and challenging for researchers not familiar with qualitative approaches.In order to elucidate this method,we provide practical guidance for researchers,including novice researchers and those with few resources,to use semistructured interviewing as a data collection strategy.We provide recommendations for the essential steps to follow in order to best implement semistructured interviews in family medicine and primary care research settings. | Melissa DeJonckheere Lisa M Vaughn | 2019 | Family Medicine and Community Health2019，7，2： | 8 |
| 2 | Systematic review of dynamization vs exchange nailing for delayed/non-union femoral fractures显示文摘AIM To analyze the literature on efficacy of dynamamization vs exchange nailing in treatment of delayed and nonunion femur fractures.METHODS Ultimately, 31 peer-reviewed articles with 644 exchanged nailing patients and 131 dynamization patients were identified and analyzed. The following key words were inputted in different combinations in order to search the field of publications in its entirety: 'nonunion', 'delayed union', 'ununited', 'femur fracture', 'femoral fracture', 'exchange nailing', 'dynaiz(s)ation', 'secondary nailing', 'dynamic', 'static', and 'nail revision'. The initial search yielded over 150 results, and was refined based on the inclusion criteria: Only studies reporting on humans, non-unions and delayed unions, and the usage of exchange nailing and/or dynamization as a secondary treatment after failed IM nailing. The resulting 66 articles were obtained through online journal access. The results were filtered further based on the exclusion criteria: No articles that failed to report overall union rates, differentiate between success rates of their reported techniques, or articles that analyzed less than 5 patients. RESULTS Exchange nailing lead to fracture union in 84.785% of patients compared to the 66.412% of dynamization with statistically comparable durations until union(5.193 ± 2.310 mo and 4.769 ± 1.986 mo respectively). Dynamically locking exchange nails resulted in an average union time of 5.208 ± 2.475 mo compared to 5.149 ± 2.366 mo(P = 0.8682) in statically locked exchange nails. The overall union rate of the two procedures, statically and dynamically locked exchange nailing yielded union rates of 84.259% and 82.381% respectively. Therefore, there was no significant difference between the different locking methods of exchange nailing for union rate or time to union at a significance value of P < 0.05. The analysis showed exchange nailing to be the more successful choice in the treatment of femoral non-unions in respect to its higher success rate(491/567 EN, 24/57 dynam, P < 0.0001). However, there was no significant difference between the success rates of the two procedures for delayed union fractures(25/27 EN, 45/55 dynam, P = 0.3299). Nevertheless, dynamization was more efficient in the treatment of delayed unions(at rates comparable to exchange nailing) than in the treatment of non-unions.CONCLUSION In conclusion, after examination of factors, dynamization is recommended treatment of delayed femur fractures, while exchange nailing is the treatment of choice for non-unions. | Jacob E Vaughn Ronit V Shah Tarek Samman Jacob Stirton Jiayong Liu Nabil A Ebraheim | 2018 | World Journal of Orthopedics2018，9，7： | 5 |
| 3 | Immunogenetic factors driving formation of ultralong VH CDR3 in Bos taurus antibodies显示文摘The antibody repertoire of Bos taurus is characterized by a subset of variable heavy(VH)chain regions with ultralong third complementarity determining regions(CDR3)which,compared to other species,can provide a potent response to challenging antigens like HIV env.These unusual CDR3 can range to over seventy highly diverse amino acids in length and form uniqueβ-ribbon‘stalk’and disulfide bonded‘knob’structures,far from the typical antigen binding site.The genetic components and processes for forming these unusual cattle antibody VH CDR3 are not well understood.Here we analyze sequences of Bos taurus antibody VH domains and find that the subset with ultralong CDR3 exclusively uses a single variable gene,IGHV1-7(VHBUL)rearranged to the longest diversity gene,IGHD8-2.An eight nucleotide duplication at the 3′end of IGHV1-7 encodes a longer V-region producing an extended Fβ-strand that contributes to the stalk in a rearranged CDR3.A low amino acid variability was observed in CDR1 and CDR2,suggesting that antigen binding for this subset most likely only depends on the CDR3.Importantly a novel,potentially AID mediated,deletional diversification mechanism of the B.taurus VH ultralong CDR3 knob was discovered,in which interior codons of the IGHD8-2 region are removed while maintaining integral structural components of the knob and descending strand of the stalk in place.These deletions serve to further diversify cysteine positions,and thus disulfide bonded loops.Hence,both germline and somatic genetic factors and processes appear to be involved in diversification of this structurally unusual cattle VH ultralong CDR3 repertoire. | Thaddeus C Deiss Melissa Vadnais Feng Wang Patricia L Chen Ali Torkamani Waithaka Mwangi Marie-Paule Lefranc Michael F Criscitiello Vaughn V Smider | 2019 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2019，16，1： | 4 |
| 4 | Skin-gut axis:The relationship between intestinal bacteria and skin health显示文摘The gut microbiome is an emerging area of interest in medicine. Imbalances in the gut microbiome have been linked to a number of disease states such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. The relationship between normally residing intestinal bacteria(the gut microbiota) and their potential role in the pathogenesis of skin diseases is an area of research for which we are only beginning to understand. Small studies have demonstrated underlying changes in the gut microbiome of patients with certain dermatological diseases. Interestingly, studies suggest that probiotics may have a role in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. However, the concept of the 'skin-gut axis' is a newly emerging and important avenue of investigation, still lacking in pathobiological explanations. This review will introduce and describe the intestinal microbiome as it relates to skin health in a complex communication network between the immune system, endocrine system, metabolic system, and nervous system. | Alexandra R Vaughn Manisha Notay Ashley K Clark Raja K Sivamani | 2017 | World Journal of Dermatology2017，6，4： | 4 |
| 5 | Genome-wide SNP Genotyping Resolves Signatures of Selection and Tetrasomic Recombination in Peanut显示文摘花生(Arachis hypogaea;2n = 4x = 40 ) 是滋养的食物和维生素,矿物质,和健康脂肪的好来源。扩大基因并且为栽培花生的基因改进的 genomic 资源从栽培花生的双祖先的定序的染色体获得了动量。便于 Arachis 种类的高产量的 genotyping, 20 遗传型被重新定序,染色体宽的单个核苷酸多型性(SNP ) 被选择开发一个大规模 SNP genotyping 数组。为在 genotyping 应用程序的灵活性,在 tetraploid 和双种类之间多态的 SNP 为使用被包括在栽培并且种间的人口。一套 384 就职被用来测试导致生产了在双种类之间的高质量的多态的簇的 54 564 个标记的数组, 47 116 个多态的标记在之间栽培并且种间的混血儿,和在 A 以内的 15 897 个多态的标记。hypogaea germplasm。一另外 1193 个标记被识别那照亮的 genomic 区域展出 tetrasomic 再结合。而且,完成美国跑步者 germplasm 的家谱的一套精英栽培变种是 genotyped 并且过去常识别经历了积极选择的 genomic 区域。这些观察在栽培花生在新基因差异的包括上提供关键卓见并且将通知发展高分辨率的印射的人口。由于它的效率,范围,和灵活性,最新发达的 SNP 数组将为在 Arachis 的进一步基因、引起的应用程序是很有用的。 | Josh Clevenger Ye Chu Carolina Chavarro Gaurav Agarwal David J. Bertioli Soraya C.M. LeaI-Bertioli Manish K. Pandey Justin Vaughn Brian Abernathy Noelle A. Barkley Ran Hovav Mark Burow Spurthi N. Nayak Annapurna Chitikineni Thomas G. Isleib C. Corley Holbrook Scott A. Jackson Rajeev K. Varshney Peggy Ozias-Akins | 2017 | Molecular Plant2017，10，2： | 4 |
| 6 | Plasma Membrane-Associated SCAR Complex Subunits Promote Cortical F-Actin Accumulation and Normal Growth Characteristics in Arabidopsis Roots显示文摘ARP2/3 建筑群, F 肌动朊聚合的高度保存的 nucleator,和它的使活跃之物, SCAR 建筑群,被显示了在叶起重要作用在 Arabidopsis 的表皮的房间形态发生。然而,疤和 ARP2/3 的细胞内部的地点和功能在植物房间的复杂依赖者的肌动朊聚合仍然保持不清楚。我们证明通常认为的疤建筑群子单元 BRK1 和 SCAR1 在扩展叶子和根的细胞对在细胞生长和墙免职的地点的血浆膜局部性。BRK1 本地化是疤依赖者,提供在在 vivo 的这些蛋白质之间的一个协会的进一步的证据。与疤建筑群子单元的血浆膜本地化一致,在根尖端房间的外皮的 F 肌动朊累积在 brk1 异种被减少。而且,破坏 SCAR 或 ARP2/3 建筑群的变化减少渗透半固体媒介的根和他们的能力的生长率,建议减少的刚硬。变异的根的房间墙在 BRK1 和 SCAR1 在邻近的血浆膜被充实的细胞间的连接展出反常结构和作文。一起拿,我们的结果建议复杂依赖者的肌动朊聚合支持的那个疤和 ARP2/3 在为正常生长和墙汇编是重要的血浆膜处理。 | Julia Dyachok Mon-Ray Shao Kevin Vaughn Andrew Bowling Michelle Facette Stevan Djakovic Lauren Clark Laurie Smith | 2008 | Molecular Plant2008，1，6： | 3 |
| 7 | 基层保健研究中的半结构化访谈:关系与严谨的平衡显示文摘半结构化深度访谈常用于定性研究,是健康服务研究中最常见的定性数据来源。这种方法通常包括研究者和参与者之间的对话,在可灵活调整的访谈协议框架下,辅以后续问题、调查和评价。该方法允许研究者收集开放式数据,探索参与者对某一特定主题的想法、感受和信念,深入研究个人问题,有时是敏感问题。本文旨在确定和描述在家庭医学和基层保健研究环境中设计和进行半结构化访谈的基本技能。本文回顾了有关半结构化访谈的文献,以确定在家庭医学和基层保健研究环境中使用这种方法的关键技能和内容。总的来说,半结构化访谈既需要关注关系,也需要促进技能的实践。技能包括:(1)确定研究的目的和范围;(2)确定参与者;(3)考虑道德伦理问题;(4)规划后勤方面;(5)制定访谈指南;(6)建立信任和融洽关系;(7)进行访谈;(8)记录和反思;(9)分析数据;(10)证明研究的可信程度;(11)在论文或者报告中展示研究结果。半结构化访谈为家庭医生在基层保健研究环境中进行研究提供了一种有效、可行的研究方法。采用半结构化访谈进行数据收集的研究者应关注关系,并注意访谈技能,以确保质量。半结构化访谈可以成为家庭医生、基层保健从业人员和其他卫生服务研究者用来了解个人想法、信念和经验的一个强有力工具。尽管如此,对于不熟悉定性方法的研究者来说,半结构化访谈可能让人感到害怕,颇具挑战。为了阐明这一方法,本文为研究者(包括新手和资源较少的研究者)提供了实践指导,使其能够运用半结构化访谈来进行数据收集。为了在家庭医学和基层保健研究环境中更好地实施半结构化访谈,本文给出了必要步骤的建议。 | Melissa DeJonckheere Lisa M Vaughn 赵新月(译) 韩建军 许岩丽 杨辉(审校) | 2019 | 中国全科医学2019，22，23： | 3 |
| 8 | Motivation and barriers to participation in virtual knowledge-sharing communities of practice显示文摘 | Alexander Ardichvili Vaughn Page Tim Wentling | 2003 | Journal of Knowledge Management2003，，1： | 3 |
| 9 | Flexible transgastric peritoneoscopy: a novel approach to diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in the peritoneal cavity显示文摘 | Anthony N Kalloo Vikesh K Singh Sanjay B Jagannath Hideaki Niiyama Susan L Hill Cheryl A Vaughn Carolyn A Magee Sergey V Kantsevoy | 2004 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2004，，1： | 2 |
| 10 | Development of SYBR green-based real-time PCR and duplex nested PCR assays for quantitation and differential detection of species- or type-specific porcine Torque teno viruses显示文摘 | Y.W. Huang B.A. Dryman K.K. Harrall E.M. Vaughn M.B. Roof X.J. Meng | 2010 | Journal of Virological Methods2010，，1： | 2 |
| 11 | Baccalaureate Education in Nursing and Patient Outcomes显示文摘 | Mary A. Blegen Colleen J. Goode Shin Hye Park Thomas Vaughn Joanne Spetz | 2013 | JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration2013，，： | 2 |
| 12 | Surgical site infection: Incidence and impact on hospital utilization and treatment costs显示文摘 | Gregory de Lissovoy Kathy Fraeman Valerie Hutchins Denise Murphy David Song Brian B. Vaughn | 2009 | AJIC: American Journal of Infection Control2009，，5： | 2 |
| 13 | Antimicrobial resistance trends and outbreak frequency in United States hospitals 显示文摘 | Diekema D J BootsMillerBJ Vaughn TE | 2004 | Clin Infect Dis2004，38，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Glucosinolate hydrolysis products from various plant sources : pH effects, isolation, and purification 显示文摘 | VAUGHN S F BERHOW M A | 2005 | Industrial Crops and Products2005，21，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Early CD69 expression on peripheral blood lymphocytes from children with dengue hemorrhagic fever显示文摘 | PICHYANGKUI S VAUGHN D W | 1999 | J Infect Dis1999，180，5： | 1 |
| 16 | Pain relief horacotomy显示文摘 | | 2001 | Br J Anaesth2001，87，： | 1 |
| 17 | Self-assembling peptide detergents stabilize isolated photosystem 1 on a dry surface for an extended time显示文摘 | Kiley P Zhao X J Vaughn M | 2005 | PLoS Biol2005，3，7： | 1 |
| 18 | Challenges of type Ⅱ diabetes and role of health care social work:a neglected area of practice 显示文摘 | Vaughn A Decoster | 2001 | Health & Social Work2001，26，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Dengue:anescalation problem显示文摘 | Gibbons RV Vaughn DW | 2002 | BMJ2002，，324： | 1 |
| 20 | Leaf senes- cence-like characteristics contribute to cotton's premature photo- synthetic decline显示文摘 | PETTIGREW W T McCarty J C Vaughn K C | 2000 | Photosynthesis Research2000，65，2： | 1 |
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