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| 1 | An exploratory study on the use of enzyme activities as sediment tracers:biochemical fingerprints?显示文摘Little information exists on the potential of soil enzyme activities,which are sensitive to soil properties and management,for the characterization of sediment sources at the catchment scale.The objective of this study is to explore and evaluate enzyme activity as tracer for sediment fingerprinting in the Hiv catchment(55 km^2),Iran.Therefore,four enzymes were measured from 42 different sampling sites,covering three sediment source areas(rangeland/surface erosion,orchard/surface erosion,and streambank erosion),as well as from 12 sediment samples from reservoir check dams (sediment sinks).The results indicate that,based upon backward mode discriminant analysis,βglucosidase and dehydrogenase,allowed more than 95%of the samples to be correctly assigned to their source areas.These enzymes were selected as input data for a mixing-model to determine the relative contribution of the sampled sediment sources.The mean contributions from rangeland, orchard and streambank sources in the study area were estimated as 11.3%,15.1%and 73.7%, respectively.Using geochemical tracers,the mean contribution from rangeland,orchard and streambank sources was estimated as 14.1%,9.5%and 74.8%,respectively.Combined biochemical and geochemical tracers,similar values were obtained(18.7%,10.7%and 70.7%,respectively).Our results indicate that soil enzyme activity allows for a good characterization of sediment sources,and can provide a complementary tool to currently existing sediment fingerprinting approaches.However, the method should be also tested in other regions. | Kazem NOSRATI Gerard GOVERS Hassan AHMADI Forood SHARIFI Mohammad Ali AMOOZEGAR Roel MERCKX Matthias VANMAERCKE | 2011 | International Journal of Sediment Research2011，26，2： | 5 |
| 2 | Effects of land use on annual runoff and soil loss in Europe and the Mediterra- nean: A meta-analysis of plot data 显示文摘 | Maetens W Vanmaercke M Poesen J | 2012 | Progress in Physical Geography2012，36，5： | 1 |
| 3 | How effective are soil conservation techniques in reducing plot runoff and soil loss in Europe and the Mediterranean?显示文摘 | W. Maetens J. Poesen M. Vanmaercke | 2012 | Earth-Science Reviews . 2012 (1-2)2012，，1： | 1 |
| 4 | Sediment dynamics and the role of flash floods in sediment export from medium-sized catchments: a case study from the semi-arid tropical highlands in northern Ethiopia显示文摘 | Matthias Vanmaercke Amanuel Zenebe Jean Poesen Jan Nyssen Gert Verstraeten Jozef Deckers | 2010 | Journal of Soils and Sediments2010，，4： | 1 |
| 5 | Towards a better understanding of pathways of multiple co-occurring erosion processes on global cropland显示文摘Soil erosion is a complex process involving multiple natural and anthropic agents,causing the deterio-ration of multiple components comprising soil health.Here,we provide an estimate of the spatial pat-terns of cropland susceptibility to erosion by sheet and rill,gully,wind,tillage,and root crops harvesting and report the co-occurrence of these processes using a multi-model approach.In addition,to give a global overview of potential future changes,we identify the locations where these multiple concurrent soil erosion processes may be expected to intersect with projected dry/wet climate changes by 2070.Of a modelled 1.48 billion hectares(B ha)of global cropland,our results indicate that 0.56 B ha(-36%of the total area)are highly susceptible(classes 4 and 5)to a single erosion process,0.27 B ha(-18%of the total area)to two processes and 0.02 B ha(1.4%of the total area)to three or more processes.An estimated 0.82 B ha of croplands are susceptible to possible increases in water(0.68 B ha)and wind(0.14 B ha)erosion.We contend that the presented set of estimates represents a basis for enhancing our founda-tional knowledge on the geography of soil erosion at the global scale.The generated insight on multiple erosion processes can be a useful starting point for decision-makers working with ex-post and ex-ante policy evaluation of the UN Sustainable Development Goal 15(Life on Land)activities.Scientifically,this work provides the hitherto most comprehensive assessment of soil erosion risks at the global scale,based on state-of-the-art models. | Pasquale Borrelli Christine Alewell Jae E.Yang Nejc Bezak Yixian Chen Ayele Almaw Fenta Arthur Nicolaus Fendrich Surya Gupta Francis Matthews Sirio Modugno Nigussie Haregeweyn David A.Robinson Florence Tan Matthias Vanmaercke Gert Verstraeten Diana C.S.Vieira Panos Panagos | 2023 | International Soil and Water Conservation Research2023，11，4： | 0 |
| 6 | Effectiveness of measures aiming to stabilize urban gullies in tropical cities:Results from field surveys across D.R.Congo显示文摘Urban gullies are a rapidly growing concern in many tropical cities of the Global South.Various measures are already implemented for their stabilization.However,an overview of these measures and their overall effectivenesss is currently lacking.We aim at addressing this gap by documenting existing ini-tiatives to stabilize urban gullies in D.R.Congo and assessing their overall effectiveness.To this end we conducted extensive field campaigns in Kinshasa,Kikwit and Bukavu and combined our terrain obser-vations with data on gully expansion rates(derived from series of satellite imagery).In total,we char-acterized present and past stabilization initiatives for 398 urban gullies.For 69 of these gullies,the effect of a specific measure on gully expansion rates could be estimated.Results show that for the large ma-jority of gullies,various measures have been implemented.Yet,these are mainly ad-hoc measures installed by the affected population.More structural measures based on larger engineering works were observed for only 20-30%of gullies.The huge efforts invested in the installation of measures strongly contrast with their overall low impact Among all strategies,only the deviation of runoff resulted in significantly lower expansion rates after installation.The numerous initiatives that rely on the sparse means available seem to have limited effects.This does not imply,however,that they are completely ineffective and should be abandoned.Based on our findings,we formulate recommendations for further research on how to effectively prevent and stabilize urban gullies,taking into account the difficult environmental and socio-economic context. | Eric Lutete Landu Guy Ilombe Mawe Fils Makanzu Imwangana Charles Bielders Olivier Dewitte Jean Poesen Aurélia Hubert Matthias Vanmaercke | 2023 | International Soil and Water Conservation Research2023，11，1： | 0 |
| 7 | Monitoring gully erosion in the European Union: A novel approach based on the Land Use/Cover Area frame survey (LUCAS)显示文摘The European Commission's Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection(COM(2012)46)identified soil erosion as an important threat to European Union's(EU)soil resources.Gully erosion is an important but hitherto poorly understood component of this threat.Here we present the results of an unprecedented attempt to monitor the occurrence of gully erosion across the EU and UK.We integrate a soil erosion module into the 2018 LUCAS Topsoil Survey,which was conducted to monitor the soil health status across the EU and to support actions to prevent soil degradation.We discuss and explore opportunities to further improve this method.The 2018 LUCAS Topsoil Survey consisted of soil sampling(0-20 cm depth)and erosion observations conducted in ca.10%(n=24,759)of the 238,077 Land Use/Cover Area frame Survey(LUCAS)2018 in-field survey sites.Gully erosion channels were detected for ca.1%(211 sites)of the visited LUCAS Topsoil sites.Commission(false positives,2.5%)and omission errors(false negatives,5.6%)were found to be low and at a level that could not compromise the representativeness of the gully erosion survey.Overall,the findings indicate that the tested 2018 LUCAS Topsoil in-field gully erosion monitoring system is effective for detecting the incidence of gully erosion.The morphogenesis of the mapped gullies suggests that the approach is an effective tool to map permanent gullies,whereas it appears less effective to detect short-lived forms like ephemeral gullies.Spatial patterns emerging from the LUCAS Topsoil field observations provide new insights on typical gully formation sites across the EU and UK.This can help to design further targeted research activities.An extension of this approach to all LUCAS sites of 2022 would significantly enhance our understanding of the geographical distribution of gully erosion processes across the EU.Repeated every three years,LUCAS soil erosion surveys would contribute to assess the state of gully erosion in the EU over time.It will also enable monitoring and eventually predicting the dynamics of gully erosion.Data collected were part of the publicly available Gully Erosion LUCAS visual assessment(GE-LUCAS v1.0)inventory. | Pasquale Borrelli Jean Poesen Matthias Vanmaercke Cristiano Ballabio Javier Hervas Michael Maerker Simone Scarpa Panos Panagos | 2022 | International Soil and Water Conservation Research2022，10，1： | 0 |
| 8 | Global analysis of cover management and support practice factors that control soil erosion and conservation显示文摘Cover management and support practices largely control the magnitude and variability of soil erosion.Although soil erosion models account for their importance(particularly by C-and P-factors in the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation),obtaining spatially explicit quantitative field data on these factors remains challenging.Hence,also our insight into the effects of soil conservation measures at larger spatial scales remains limited.We analyzed the variation in C-and P-factors caused by human activities and climatic variables by reviewing 255 published articles reporting measured or calculated C-and P-factor values.We found a wide variation in both factor values across climatic zones,land use or cover types,and support practices.The average C-factor values decreased from arid(0.26)to humid(0.15)climates,whereas the average P-factor values increased(from 0.33 to 0.47,respectively).Thus,support practices reduce soil loss more effectively in drylands and drought-prone areas.The global average C-factor varies by one order of magnitude from cropland(0.34)to forest(0.03).Among the major crops,the average C-factor was highest for maize(0.42)followed by potato(0.40),among the major orchard crops,it was highest for olive(0.31),followed by vineyards(0.26).The P-factor ranged from 0.62 for contouring in cropland plots to 0.19 for trenches in uncultivated land.The C-factor results indicate that cultivated lands requiring intensive site preparation and weeding are most vulnerable to soil loss by sheet and rill erosion.The low P-factor for trenches,reduced tillage cultivation,and terraces suggests that significantly decreased soil loss is possible by implementing more efficient management practices.These results improve our understanding of the variation in C-and P-factors and support large-scale integrated catchment management interventions by applying soil erosion models where it is difficult to empirically determine the impact of particular land use or cover types and support practices:the datasets compiled in this study can support further modeling and land management attempts in different countries and geographic regions. | Kindiye Ebabu Atsushi Tsunekawa Nigussie Haregeweyn Mitsuru Tsubo Enyew Adgo Ayele Almaw Fenta Derege Tsegaye Meshesha Mulatu Liyew Berihun Dagnenet Sultan Matthias Vanmaercke Panos Panagos Pasquale Borrelli Eddy J.Langendoen Jean Poesen | 2022 | International Soil and Water Conservation Research2022，10，2： | 0 |
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