|
|
|
题名
|
作者
|
年代
|
出处
|
被引量
|
| 1 | 钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白-2抑制剂或胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂治疗成人2型糖尿病:临床实践指南显示文摘临床问题对于存在不同心血管风险及肾脏结局的2型糖尿病患者,在原有生活方式干预和/或其他降糖药物的基础上加用钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2(SGLT-2)抑制剂和胰高血糖素样肽1(GLP-1)受体激动剂的获益及风险是什么?现行做法几十年来,2型糖尿病的治疗决策都以控制血糖为主导。SGLT-2抑制剂和GLP-1受体激动剂在传统观念中常被用于二甲双胍治疗后血糖仍控制不佳的患者。目前这一现状已经发生了改变,这得益于多项临床研究结果。研究显示SGLT-2抑制剂和GLP-1受体激动剂拥有独立于药物降糖作用之外的对于动脉粥样硬化性心血管病(CVD)和慢性肾脏病(CKD)的获益。建议本指南阐述了针对不同风险分层的成人2型糖尿病患者使用SGLT-2抑制剂或GLP-1受体激动剂的建议。•伴有3种或更少的心血管风险因素且不存在CVD或CKD:不建议启动SGLT-2抑制剂或GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)•伴有3种以上心血管风险因素且不存在CVD或CKD:建议启动SGLT-2抑制剂治疗,不建议启动GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)•已经存在CVD或CKD:建议启动SGLT-2抑制剂治疗和GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)•已经存在CVD和CKD:建议启动SGLT-2抑制剂治疗(推荐等级:强)和GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)•对于那些想要进一步降低CVD和CKD结局风险的患者:推荐优先启用SGLT-2抑制剂治疗而非GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)这项指南是如何制订的一个由患者、临床医生和方法学家共同组成的国际小组提出了这些推荐意见。这些推荐意见基于可信度较高的指南的标准,并使用GRADE分级方法进行评估。该小组采用了息者个体化的观点。证据一项关于获益与风险的系统综述和网络meta分析(764项随机对照研究,包括421346例参与者)发现SGLT-2抑制剂和GLP-1受体激动剂可以降低总体死亡率、心肌梗死发生率、终末期肾病或肾衰竭的发生率(中等至高等质量的证据)。在不同的亚组中这些药物对卒中、因心力衰竭所致住院和其他主要不良事件有不同的影响。药物绝对获益的程度因患者个体风险的不同有很大的差异。(例如,对于接受了超过5年药物治疗的1000例患者,在最低风险人群中死亡人数减少了5人,在最高风险人群中死亡人数减少了48人)。一项关于预后的综述确认了14种风险预测模型,其中一种(RECODe)在证据总结中报告了大部分基线风险评估数据,小组利用该模型以支持风险分层的建议。考虑到患者的价值观及个体差异,指南推荐的支撑证据包括一项对已发表论文的系统综述、一项患者焦点小组研究、一项临床问题总结,以及一项指南调查。指南解读我们依据不同的CVD和CKD风险水平,综合考虑获益、风险和其他因素的平衡,以及每一个风险组别的实际问题,来对推荐意见进行分层。本指南强烈建议CVD和CKD患者使用SGLT-2抑制剂治疗,这说明专家组认为其具有显著的获益。而对于其他成人2型糖尿病患者,推荐等级较弱,这说明专家组想要在获益、风险及治疗花费上取得一个更好的平衡。临床医生通过该指南可以使用可靠的风险计算模型,如RECODe,来明确其患者的个体心血管和肾脏疾病风险。医患交互式总结临床证据和制订决策有助于患者知晓治疗选择,包括进行共同决策。2型糖尿病人群(全球患病率不断增长1-2)正面临着不断增加的心血管疾病、肾脏病和其他并发症的风险3。数十年来,2型糖尿病的管理始终以控制血糖及糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)为治疗目标4-5,但是,最近的高质量随机对照研究已经对这种以血糖为中心的治疗模式发起了挑战。研究结果显示,强化血糖控制未必会降低大血管不良事件,它还可能带来不利影响监管机构现在要求新型糖尿病药物必须证明其具有心血管和肾脏获益才能获得批准。对两类新药--钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2(SGLT-2)抑制剂和胰高血糖素样肽1(GLP-1)受体激动剂(见框图1)的临床试验结果显示,在现有治疗方案(常规治疗)之上加用这些药物,对死亡、心肌梗死、卒中、心力衰竭和肾脏的结局(如进展为终末期肾病)都有获益8-12。 | Sheyu Li Per Olav Vandvik Lyubov Lytvyn Gordon H Guyatt Suetonia C Palmer Rene Rodriguez-Gutierrez Farid Foroutan Thomas Agoritsas Reed A C Siemieniuk Michael Walsh Lawrie Frere David J Tunnicliffe Evi V Nagler Veena Manja Bjφrn Olav Asvold Vivekanand Jha Mieke Vermandere Karim Gariani Qian Zhao Yan Ren Emma Jane Cartwright Patrick Gee Alan Wickes Linda Fems Robin Wright Ling Li Qiukui Hao Reem A Mustafa 无 郭鹤鸣(译) | 2021 | 英国医学杂志中文版2021，24，9： | 7 |
| 2 | Recent treeline dynamics are similar between dry and mesic areas of Nepal, central Himalaya显示文摘Aims We investigated the treeline dynamics of two environmentally con-trasting areas in the Nepalese Himalaya to address the following questions:(i)Does the timing of establishment of the current tree-line differ between the two study areas,and can area-specific tree-line developments be identified?(ii)Do recruitment patterns and height growth indicate recent climate-driven treeline advance,fol-lowing the general prediction for the central Himalayan region,in the two study areas?Methods a dry-climate treeline dominated by Pinus wallichiana and a mesic-climate treeline with Abies spectabilis were selected for study.In each area,we sampled the size and age structure of the study spe-cies along three elevational transects(20-m wide)from the forest line to the tree species line crossing the treeline.We also sampled treeline trees from within and outside transects to reconstruct past treeline establishment dynamics.Important Findings Despite differences in moisture regimes,tree species and recent climate trends,our two study areas showed very similar treeline dynamics over the past six decades.In both areas,the recruitment of treeline trees indicates stationary treelines over the past six decades with the current treelines being dominated by trees that were established around 1990.the mesic area has experienced an overall climatic warming trend,and the stationary Abies treeline is hypothesized to be regulated by non-climatic factors,notably grazing.the dry area has not experienced warming but increased climatic variability and some very cool summers in the recent dec-ades may explain the stationary to weakly receding Pinus treeline,which appears more climatically controlled with decreased recruit-ment over the past decades and decreased growth towards higher elevations.In both areas,there is a potential for treeline advance,depending on future land use and climate change.our results highlight the importance of conducting treeline ecotone analyses for several sites or areas,and considering both climatic and non-climatic drivers of the treeline dynamics within each of these areas,for understanding regional treeline dynamics. | Krishna B.Shrestha Annika Hofgaard Vigdis Vandvik | 2015 | Journal of Plant Ecology2015，8，4： | 3 |
| 3 | Do seed mass and family affect germination and juvenile performance in Knautia arvensis? A study using failure-time methods 显示文摘 | Vange V Heuch I Vandvik Vigdis | 2004 | Acta Oecologica2004，25，： | 1 |
| 4 | Prevalence,comorbidity and impact of irritable bowel syndrome in Norway显示文摘 | Vandvik PO Lydersen S Farup PG | 2006 | Scand J Gastroenterol2006，41，6： | 1 |
| 5 | Irritable bowel syndrome显示文摘 | Ford A C Vandvik P O | 2012 | Clin Evid (Online)2012，，6： | 1 |
| 6 | Perceived food intolerance in subjects with irritable bowel syndrome-etiology,prevalence and consequences显示文摘 | Monsbakken KW Vandvik PO Farup PG | 2006 | Eur J Clin Nutr2006，60，5： | 1 |
| 7 | Do seed mass and family affect germination and juvenile performance in Knautia arvensis A study using failure-time methods 显示文摘 | VangeV Heuch I Vandvik V | 2004 | Acta Oecologica2004，25，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Perceived food intolerance in subjects with irritable bowel syndrome-?etiology, prevalence and consequences 显示文摘 | Monsbakken KW Vandvik PO Farup PC | 2006 | Eur J Clin Nutr2006，60，5： | 1 |
| 9 | Primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th edition: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence Based Clinical Practice Guidelines显示文摘 | Vandvik P O Lincoff A M Gore J M | 2012 | Chest2012，141，4： | 1 |
| 10 | Diagnosing irritable bowel syndrome: poor agreement between general practitioners and the Rome Ⅱ criteria显示文摘 | VANDVIK P O AABAKKEN L FARUP P G | 2004 | Scand J Gastroenterol2004，39，5： | 1 |
| 11 | Probioties for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic-associated diarrhea显示文摘 | Johnston BC Goldenberg JZ Vandvik PO | 2011 | Cochrane Database Syst Rev2011，9，00： | 1 |
| 12 | Do seed mass and fami ly affect germination and juvenile performance in Knautia ar vensis,a study using failure-time methods显示文摘 | VANGE V HEUCH I VANDVIK V | 2004 | Acta Oecologi ca2004，25，： | 1 |
| 13 | Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic-associated diarrhea 显示文摘 | Johnston BC Goldenberg JZ Vandvik PO | 2011 | Cochrane Database Syst Rev2011，11，00： | 1 |
| 14 | Diagnosing Pediatric Functional Abdominal Pain in Children (4–15 Years Old) According to the Rome III Criteria: Results From a Norwegian Prospective Study显示文摘 | Helene Helgeland Gro Flagstad Jon Gr?tta Per Olav Vandvik Hanne Kristensen Trond Markestad | 2009 | Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition2009，，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Primary and seconda- ry prevention of cardiovascular disease 显示文摘 | Vandvik PO Lincoff AM Gore JM | 2012 | CHEST2012，141，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Comorbidity of irritable bowel syndrome in general practice: a striking feature with clinical implications 显示文摘 | Vandvik PO Wilhelmsen I Ihlebaek C | 2004 | Aliment Pharmacol Ther2004，20，10： | 1 |
| 17 | Screening of chtosans and conditions for bacterial flocculation显示文摘 | STRAND S P VANDVIK M S VARUM K M | 2001 | Biomactomolecules2001，2，： | 1 |
| 18 | Prealenee, eomorbidityand impact of irritable bowel syndrome in Norway 显示文摘 | Vandvik P O Lydersen S Farup P G | 2006 | Scand J Gastroenterol2006，41，6： | 1 |
| 19 | Perceived food intolerance in subjects with irritable bowel syndrome-etiology,prevalence and consequences显示文摘 | Monsbakken KW Vandvik PO Farup PG | 2006 | Eur J Clin Nutr2006，60，5： | 1 |
| 20 | 知证卫生决策工具之二--如何改进机构知证决策的方法显示文摘本文旨在介绍如何进行知证卫生决策的组织方法。促进研究与实践结合的一系列活动包括:与决策者高度相关的研究证据的生产和恰当的合成,促进研究与实践结合的诸多努力,以及对其的评估。几乎没人知道如何更好地开展此类系列活动,直到最近才有很少几个机构专门负责研究利用证据制定卫生政策。为此本文通过提出5个问题来指导开展机构措施以支持研究证据在知证卫生决策中的使用:①您所在机构进行知证决策的能力是什么?②应采用什么策略确保决策者、研究者和利益相关者之间的合作?③应采用什么策略确保研究的独立性和有效管理利益冲突?④应采用什么策略确保使用系统和透明的方法获取、评价和利用研究证据?⑤应采用什么策略以确保有足够能力运用这些方法? | Andrew D Oxman Per Olav Vandvik John N Lavis Atle Fretheim Simon Lewin 崔小华 憔群飞 王莉 李幼平 | 2010 | 中国循证医学杂志2010，10，3： | 1 |
您所在的机构暂未开通此部分的功能，请联系管理员