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| 1 | 护理与病人安全显示文摘确保对公众提供的医疗护理服务安全、有效并得以持续改进,是医疗机构管理的永恒主题。近年来,有关医疗安全的问题日渐突出,引起各方面的重视。世界卫生组织于2004年10月建立了“患者安全国际联盟”,并发布了一份详细的未来行动计划。美国医疗机构联合认证委员会,在医疗机构评审方面积累了大量经验,建立了一个全国性的医疗差错和不良事件报告系统。该委员会制订的《医院评审标准》,医疗安全管理是重要组成部分。为加强我国医院管理,借鉴发达国家医院管理的经验,我国已自愿加入其医院评审联合委员会国际部。护理安全是国际护理管理领域研究的热点。分析护理差错产生的原因,探讨减少差错、保障病人安全的措施,是护理人员面临的严峻课题。2006年8月10日,“中国护理大会2006”在北京召开,美国医疗机构评审联合委员会高级顾问HelenHoesing博士,应邀作了题为《护理与病人安全》的报告,通过对1995~2004年的数据分析发现,沟通不足是严重差错事件发生的第一原因。本文为HelenHoesing博士特为本刊撰写的稿件,在此与大家分享。 | Helen Hoesing 李明子 | 2007 | 中国护理管理2007，7，1： | 148 |
| 2 | Double-stranded DNA in exosomes: a novel biomarker in cancer detection显示文摘 | Basant Kumar Thakur Haiying Zhang Annette Becker Irina Matei Yujie Huang Bruno Costa-Silva Yan Zheng Ayuko Hoshino Helene Brazier Jenny Xiang Caitlin Williams Ruth Rodriguez-Barrueco Jose M Silva Weijia Zhang Stephen Hearn Olivier Elemento Navid Paknejad Katia Manova-Todorova Karl Welte Jacqueline Bromberg Hector Peinado David Lyden | 2014 | Cell Research2014，24，6： | 98 |
| 3 | Pancreatic cancer: A review of clinical diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment and outcomes显示文摘This review aims to outline the most up-to-date knowledge of pancreatic adenocarcinoma risk, diagnostics, treatment and outcomes, while identifying gaps that aim to stimulate further research in this understudied malignancy. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a lethal condition with a rising incidence, predicted to become the second leading cause of cancer death in some regions. It often presents at an advanced stage, which contributes to poor five-year survival rates of 2%-9%, ranking firmly last amongst all cancer sites in terms of prognostic outcomes for patients. Better understanding of the risk factors and symptoms associated with this disease is essential to inform both health professionals and the general population of potential preventive and/or early detection measures. The identification of high-risk patients who could benefit from screening to detect pre-malignant conditions such as pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms and mucinous cystic neoplasms is urgently required, however an acceptable screening test has yet to be identified. The management of pancreatic adenocarcinoma is evolving, with the introduction of new surgical techniques and medical therapies such as laparoscopic techniques and neo-adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, however this has only led to modest improvements in outcomes. The identification of novel biomarkers is desirable to move towards a precision medicine era, where pancreatic cancer therapy can be tailored to the individual patient, while unnecessary treatments that have negative consequences on quality of life could be prevented for others. Research efforts must also focus on the development of new agents and delivery systems. Overall, considerable progress is required to reduce the burden associated with pancreatic cancer. Recent, renewed efforts to fund large consortia and research into pancreatic adenocarcinoma are welcomed, but further streams will be necessary to facilitate the momentum needed to bring breakthroughs seen for other cancer sites. | Andrew McGuigan Paul Kelly Richard C Turkington Claire Jones Helen G Coleman R Stephen McCain | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，43： | 140 |
| 4 | Helicobacter pylori infection and endocrine disorders:Is there a link?显示文摘Helicobacter pylori(H pylori) infection is a leading world-wide infectious disease as it affects more than half of the world population and causes chronic gastritis,peptic ulcer disease and gastric malignancies.The infection elicits a chronic cellular inflammatory response in the gastric mucosa.However,the effects of this local inflammation may not be confi ned solely to the digestive tract but may spread to involve extraintestinal tissues and/or organs.Indeed,H pylori infection has been epidemiologically linked to extra-digestive conditions and diseases.In this context,it has been speculated that H pylori infection may be responsible for various endocrine disorders,such as autoimmune thyroid diseases,diabetes mellitus,dyslipidemia,obesity,osteoporosis and primary hyperparathyroidism.This is a review of the relationship between H pylori infection and these endocrine disorders. | Konstantinos X Papamichael Garyphallia Papaioannou Helen Karga Anastasios Roussos Gerassimos J Mantzaris | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，22： | 42 |
| 5 | 人参皂甙对CD_(34)^+造血干/祖细胞的增殖和分化作用显示文摘目的 :探索人参皂甙 (GS)对CD34 +造血干 /祖细胞的刺激增殖和诱导分化作用。方法 :采用免疫磁珠法 (MACS)分离纯化脐血CD34 +细胞 ,在造血细胞半固体和液体培养体系中加入不同浓度的GS ,检测对CD34 +造血干 /祖细胞增殖 ,形成祖细胞集落的提高率 ,并用流式细胞仪检测液体培养后细胞表面标记的变化。结果 :GS( 5~ 50 μg/ml)能提高BFU E、CFU E、CFU GM、CFU GEMM集落产率 ( % ) ,分别为87 6± 2 6、63 3± 2 8、58 0± 3 1和 96 3± 5 5(均P <0 0 1)。GS 2 5μg/ml是液体培养刺激CD34 +细胞体外增殖的最佳浓度。GS诱导细胞 14天后 ,细胞表面表达CD33+细胞随GS的浓度升高而增加 ,在GS 50 μg/ml时以CD15+细胞数最高 ,CD71+细胞和G A+细胞数仅在 2 5μg/ml时高于未加GS的对照组。结论 :GS不但能促进CD34 +造血干 /祖细胞的增殖 ,并且能诱导定向分化 ,具有类生长因子和协同生长因子的作用。 | 金锦梅 Tao Helen 高瑞兰 BH Chong | 2000 | 中国中西医结合杂志2000，20，9： | 43 |
| 6 | 社会、经济与环境因素对老年健康和死亡的影响——基于中国22省份的抽样调查显示文摘基于全国22省市886个县15 973位老人2002—2005年跟踪调查数据,本文应用多水平多元logit模型,对社会、经济和环境因素对老年健康和死亡的影响进行了分析。结果表明,控制了个人层面相关变量后,空气污染显著增加了老人ADL(日常生活自理能力)残障、认知功能差与累计健康亏损指数上升的可能性。降雨量的增加则显著降低了老人ADL残障和认知功能差的风险。极低的气温显著增加了老人ADL残障的风险与死亡风险,而极高的气温显著增加了老人认知功能差和累计健康亏损指数上升的可能性。居住在山区的老人ADL残障风险较低,累计健康亏损指数亦较低。此外,人均GDP、15~64岁人口的劳动参与率以及文盲率对中国老年人的生理健康、心理健康、整体健康水平以及死亡风险有显著的、作用方向不同的影响。最后,得出如下结论:保护自然环境、改善社会经济状况的干预措施将有利于改善老人健康、降低老人死亡风险。 | 曾毅 顾大男 Jama Purser Helen Hoenig Nicholas Christakis | 2014 | 中国卫生政策研究2014，7，6： | 46 |
| 7 | Biochemical mechanisms in drug-induced liver injury:Certainties and doubts显示文摘Drug-induced liver injury is a significant and still unresolved clinical problem.Limitations to knowledge about the mechanisms of toxicity render incomplete the detection of hepatotoxic potential during preclinical development.Several xenobiotics are lipophilic substances and their transformation into hydrophilic compounds by the cytochrome P-450 system results in production of toxic metabolites.Aging,preexisting liver disease,enzyme induction or inhibition,genetic variances,local O2 supply and,above all,the intrinsic molecular properties of the drug may affect this process.Necrotic death follows antioxidant consumption and oxidation of intracellular proteins,which determine increased permeability of mitochondrial membranes,loss of potential,decreased ATP synthesis,inhibition of Ca2+-dependent ATPase,reduced capability to sequester Ca2+ within mitochondria,and membrane bleb formation.Conversely,activation of nucleases and energetic participation of mitochondria are the main intracellular mechanisms that lead to apoptosis.Non-parenchymal hepatic cells are inducers of hepatocellular injury and targets for damage.Activation of the immune system promotes idiosyncratic reactions that result in hepatic necrosis or cholestasis,in which different HLA genotypes might play a major role.This review focuses on current knowledge of the mechanisms of drug-induced liver injury and recent advances on newly discovered mechanisms of liver damage.Future perspectives including new frontiers for research are discussed. | Ignazio Grattagliano Leonilde Bonfrate Catia V Diogo Helen H Wang David QH Wang Piero Portincasa | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，39： | 30 |
| 8 | 欧林:打造工程教育的“实验室”(上)--访欧林工学院校长理查德·米勒显示文摘访谈从米勒校长荣获布鲁克国际教育奖开始,依次展开欧林工学院独特使命、'择邻而居'缘由、师生携手'欧林伙伴年'、课程设置'有效期'、'小、新'影响大世界、全球800所高校'问道'欧林等话题。米勒校长是欧林工学院的创校校长和首位招聘教师,有着40多年工程教育经验,他从结缘欧林谈起,道出了欧林基金会意在重新思考'工程师'、重新思考'受过教育内涵'的初心,分享了欧林选址'高等教育的硅谷'、只设置3个专业的原因,回忆了在'欧林伙伴年'师生携手重新定义'工程''工程教育'的场景,讲述了欧林不设学术系部、吸引到卓越教师的故事,列出了欧林的前十年'制造火箭'、后十年'找到宇航员'的'登月计划',解读了'思考大问题''培养学生五大思维模式'的内涵。 | 于海琴 陶正 王连江 Helen Haste | 2018 | 高等工程教育研究2018，66，3： | 30 |
| 9 | Intensity-modulated radiation therapy with concurrent chemotherapy for locally advanced cervical and upper thoracic esophageal cancer显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the dosimetry, efficacy and toxicity of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and concurrent chemotherapy for patients with locally advanced cervical and upper thoracic esophageal cancer. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 7 patients who were definitively treated with IMRT and concurrent chemotherapy. Patients who did not receive IMRT radiation and concurrent chemotherapy were not included in this analysis. IMRT plans were evaluated to assess the tumor coverage and normal tissue avoidance. Treatment response was evaluated and toxicities were assessed. RESULTS: Five- to nine-beam IMRT were used to deliver a total dose of 59.4-66 Gy (median: 64.8 Gy) to the primary tumor with 6-MV photons. The minimum dose received by the planning tumor volume (PTV) of the gross tumor volume boost was 91.2%-98.2% of the prescription dose (standard deviation [SD]: 3.7%-5.7%). The minimum dose received by the PTV of the clinical tumor volume was 93.8%-104.8% (SD: 4.3%-11.1%) of the prescribed dose. With a median follow-up of 15 mo (range: 3-21 mo), all 6 evaluable patients achieved complete response. Of them, 2 developed localrecurrences and 2 had distant metastases, 3 survived with no evidence of disease. After treatment, 2 patients developed esophageal stricture requiring frequent dilation and 1 patient developed tracheal-esophageal fi stula. CONCLUSION: Concurrent IMRT and chemotherapy resulted in an excellent early response in patients with locally advanced cervical and upper thoracic esophageal cancer. However, local and distant recurrence and toxicity remain to be a problem. Innovative approaches are needed to improve the outcome. | Shu-Lian Wang Zhongxing Liao Helen Liu( Jaffer Ajani Stephen Swisher James D Cox Ritsuko Komaki | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，34： | 27 |
| 10 | Achalasia: A review of clinical diagnosis, epidemiology,treatment and outcomes显示文摘Achalasia is a neurodegenerative motility disorder of the oesophagus resulting in deranged oesophageal peristalsis and loss of lower oesophageal sphincter function.Historically,annual achalasia incidence rates were believed to be low,approximately 0.5-1.2 per 100000.More recent reports suggest that annual incidence rates have risen to 1.6 per 100000 in some populations.The aetiology of achalasia is still unclear but is likely to be multi-factorial.Suggested causes include environmental or viral exposures resulting in inflammation of the oesophageal myenteric plexus,which elicits an autoimmune response.Risk of achalasia may be elevated in a sub-group of genetically susceptible people.Improvement in the diagnosis of achalasia,through the introduction of high resolution manometry with pressure topography plotting,has resulted in the development of a novel classification system for achalasia.This classification system can evaluate patient prognosis and predict responsiveness to treatment.There is currently much debate over whether pneumatic dilatation is a superior method compared to the Heller’s myotomy procedure in the treatment of achalasia.A recent com-parative study found equal efficacy,suggesting that patient preference and local expertise should guide the choice.Although achalasia is a relatively rare condition,it carries a risk of complications,including aspiration pneumonia and oesophageal cancer.The risk of both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus is believed to be significantly increased in patients with achalasia,however the absolute excess risk is small.Therefore,it is currently unknown whether a surveillance programme in achalasia patients would be effective or cost-effective. | Orla M O'Neill Brian T Johnston Helen G Coleman | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，35： | 26 |
| 11 | 染色体异常与男性不育显示文摘不育问题惊人地困扰着15%想要组建新家庭的人群。尽管如此,不育的分子遗传因素大多还不清楚。不过,越来越多不育遗传因素正逐渐被发现。本综述主要讨论目前了解的男性不育的染色体因素,尤其是染色体非整倍体、染色体组型的结构和数量异常和Y染色体微缺失。染色体非整倍体是人类流产和发育残疾的主要原因。非整倍体主要起源于母体,但是人们正在关注单精子注射的安全性,因为不育男性的精子非整倍体水平明显比起配偶高。染色体组型结构和数量异常的男性产生非整倍体精子的风险也越来越高。本文还综述了精子非整倍体如何被翻译至胚胎非整倍体,以及植入前基因诊断在这些病例中的应用。如果可能,文章还会做一下临床方面的建议,并讨论一些新兴的阵列技术在植入前基因诊断中使用以及在男性不育的潜在应用。 | Gary L Harton Helen G Tempest | 2012 | Asian Journal of Andrology2012，14，1： | 25 |
| 12 | 2016年国际抗癫痫联盟癫痫发作分类的更新及介绍显示文摘国际抗癫痫联盟(ILAE)提出了癫痫发作类型的操作性修订方案。此修订的目的包括认识到一些发作类型既可以是局灶起源亦可以为全面起源,允许临床在不能观察到发作起源的情况下进行发作分类,纳入某些尚不了解的发作类型,以及采用更加易懂的命名。由于现有知识不足以形成一个科学的分类方案,2016年的分类方案是在1981年和2010年分类的基础上进行的操作性(实用性)修订。新分类的变化包括:(1)'部分性'改为'局灶性';(2)起源未知的癫痫发作也可以归类;(3)知觉状态用作局灶性发作的区分因素;(4)删除'认知障碍性'、'简单部分性'、'复杂部分性'、'精神性'、'继发全面性'等术语;(5)认识到局灶性强直、阵挛、失张力、肌阵挛和癫痫性痉挛发作,这些发作也有双侧性类型;(6)增加了新的全面性发作类型:伴眼睑肌阵挛的失神发作,肌阵挛失神发作,肌阵挛-失张力发作,阵挛-强直-阵挛发作,癫痫性痉挛;癫痫性痉挛可以是局灶性、全面性或起源不明性;(7)双侧强直阵挛发作取代了继发全面性发作。新的分类方案并未进行根本性的改变,但可以使癫痫发作类型的命名有较大的灵活性和透明度。 | Robert S Fisher J Helen Cross 陈佳 王玉平 吴逊 | 2017 | 癫痫杂志2017，3，1： | 25 |
| 13 | Current practices and future prospects for the management of gallbladder polyps: A topical review显示文摘A gallbladder polyp is an elevation of the gallbladder mucosa that protrudes into the gallbladder lumen. Gallbladder polyps have an estimated prevalence in adults of between 0.3%-12.3%. However, only 5% of polyps are considered to be 'true' gallbladder polyps, meaning that they are malignant or have malignant potential. The main radiological modality used for diagnosing and surveilling gallbladder polyps is transabdominal ultrasonography. However, evidence shows that other modalities such as endoscopic ultrasound may improve diagnostic accuracy. These are discussed in turn during the course of this review. Current guidelines recommend cholecystectomy for gallbladder polyps sized 10 mm and greater, although this threshold is lowered when other risk factors are identified. The evidence behind this practice is relatively low quality. This review identifies current gaps in the available evidence and highlights the necessity for further research to enable better decision making regarding which patients should undergo cholecystectomy, and/or radiological follow-up. | R Stephen McCain Anna Diamond Claire Jones Helen G Coleman | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，26： | 25 |
| 14 | USP3 inhibits type I interferon signaling by deubiquitinating RIG-I-like receptors显示文摘(K63 ) 离氨酸 63 连接了 RIG-I 戏的 ubiquitination 在类型的激活的一个关键角色我干扰素小径,然而,为它的 deubiquitination 负责的分子的机制仍然糟糕被理解。这里,我们报导 deubiquitination 酶 ubiquitin 特定的朊酶(USP3 ) 3 否定地调整类型的激活我干扰素由指向 RIG-I 发信号。USP3 击倒 RIG-I 的明确地提高的连接 K63 的 ubiquitination, upregulated IRF3 的 phosphorylation 并且扩充了类型的生产我干扰素 cytokines 和抗病毒的免疫。我们进一步证明在 unstimulated 或 uninfected 房间在 USP3 和 RIG-I-like 受体( RLR )之间没有相互作用,但是在病毒的感染或 ligand 刺激之上, USP3 绑在 RLR 的 caspase 激活招募领域然后通过它的锌手指的合作劈开 polyubiquitin 链Ub有约束力的领域和 USP 催化领域。变化分析表明到 RIG-I 上的 polyubiquitin 链的 USP3 的那绑定是为它 polyubiquitin 链的劈开的前提步。我们的调查结果在 RIG-I 激活识别 USP3 的一个以前未被认出的角色并且提供卓见进 USP3 由禁止 RIG-I 发信号和抗病毒的免疫的机制。 | Jun Cui Yanxia Song Yinyin Li Qingyuan Zhu Peng Tan Yunfei Qin Helen Y Wang Rong-Fu Wang | 2014 | Cell Research2014，24，4： | 20 |
| 15 | Immune targets and neoantigens for cancer immunotherapy and precision medicine显示文摘利用免疫系统根除恶意的房间正在成为一条很强大的新途径到癌症治疗。基于免疫疗法的药的食物及药品管理局赞同, sipuleucel-T ( Provenge ), ipilimumab ( Yervoy , anti-CTLA-4 ),并且更最近,规划房间死亡( PD ) -1 抗体( pembrolizumab , Keytruda ),因为癌症的多重类型的治疗极大地在癌症免疫疗法的领域里推进了研究和临床的研究。而且,用 NY-ESO-1-specific T 房间受体(TCR ) 或 CD19 妄想的抗原受体(汽车) ,最近的临床的试用与变形癌症为病人显示出有希望的临床的结果。癌症免疫疗法的当前的成功在癌症抗原和 20 年以前识别的 co 禁止的发信号分子的工作之上被造。在大量目标抗原之中, CD19 是为为血癌症的汽车 T 房间治疗的最好的目标,但是设计汽车的 T 房间免疫疗法还没在固体做工作癌症。NY-ESO-1 是为在稳固的癌症的基于 TCR 的免疫疗法的最好的目标之一。尽管有检查点封锁治疗的大成功,超过 50% 癌症病人没能反应封锁治疗。象下一代的定序那样的新技术的来临提高了我们的能力在 onco 免疫学寻找新有免疫力的目标并且与癌症病人的潜在地更宽广的范围加速了免疫疗法的发展。在这评论,我们将为癌症免疫疗法和 immunoprecision 药在新有免疫力的目标和导出变化的抗原(neoantigens ) 的鉴定讨论癌症免疫疗法和新奇策略的最近的进步。 | Rong-Fu Wang Helen Y Wang | 2017 | Cell Research2017，27，1： | 19 |
| 16 | 促进2型糖尿病患者行为的可持续性改变:澳大利亚美好生活俱乐部的自我健康管理计划的评价显示文摘本文分析了澳大利亚美好生活俱乐部18个月的监测数据。美好生活俱乐部是澳大利亚联邦政府资助的'分担卫生服务项目'的一个研究项目,旨在促进50岁及以上糖尿病患者的慢性病自我管理。该项目的干预措施是跨理论行为改变模型和通过电话的动机谈话技术。在患者参加项目的基线、第6个月、第18个月收集数据。数据包括人口学信息、慢性病种类、健康行为、对健康的认识、锻炼程度、功能状态、自我效能、情绪状态、服务利用,以及9个目标行为的改变阶段。本文报告了150名接受18个月监测的患者数据。结果表明,在8个自我评价的症状中,有6个症状明显改善,差异有统计学意义。接受干预的患者对自我健康管理的信心在短期内明显增强。患者的卫生服务利用呈现减少趋势,但无统计学差异。卫生服务利用没有减少的原因,归因于参加者之间卫生服务利用方式的差异较大。参加项目第6个月时,患者行走的活动量增加,但第18个月时回到基线水平。这些发现表明,动机谈话技术能够在行为改变的最初阶段发挥作用,不过如果要长期地维持行为改变,则需要确定个体化和结构性的策略。 | Colette Browning Shane Thomas Jane Sims Lindner Helen Kelly J | 2009 | 中国全科医学2009，12，23： | 18 |
| 17 | Update on the management of gastrointestinal varices显示文摘Cirrhosis of liver is a major problem in the western world. Portal hypertension is a complication of cirrhosis and can lead to a myriad of pathology of which include the development of porto-systemic collaterals. Gastrointestinal varices are dilated submucosal veins, which often develop at sites near the formation of gastroesophageal collateral circulation. The incidence of varices is on the rise due to alcohol and obesity. The most significant complication of portal hypertension is life-threatening bleeding from gastrointestinal varices, which is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. In addition, this can cause a significant burden on the health care facility. Gastrointestinal varices can happen in esophagus, stomach or ectopic varices. There has been considerable progress made in the understanding of the natural history, pathophysiology and etiology of portal hypertension. Despite the development of endoscopic and medical treatments, early mortality due to variceal bleeding remains high due to significant illness of the patient. Recurrent variceal bleed is common and in some cases, there is refractory variceal bleed. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the management of gastrointestinal varices with an emphasis on endoscopic interventions, strategies to handle refractory variceal bleed and newer endoscopic treatment modalities. Early treatment and improved endoscopic techniques can help in improving morbidity and mortality. | Umesha Boregowda Chandraprakash Umapathy Nasir Halim Madhav Desai Arpitha Nanjappa Subramanyeswara Arekapudi Thimmaiah Theethira Helen Wong Marina Roytman Shreyas Saligram | 2019 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics2019，10，1： | 18 |
| 18 | Role of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells in inflammatory bowel disease显示文摘瞄准:为了调查可溶的被触发的可能的角色,受体在煽动性的肠疾病(IBD ) 的致病在骨髓的上表示了 cells-1 (sTREM-1 ) 。方法:58 个病人被注册;十九个健康志愿者用作控制;8 个病人与 Crohn 的疾病被诊断,并且 31 与 ulcerative。有 Crohn 的疾病和 ulcerative 的病人的临床、内视镜的活动索引分别地被估计。在承认之上,血被取样;sTREM-1 和 TNFalpha 被 thiobarbitourate 试金被免疫分析和 malondialdehyde (MDA ) 测量,在通过一个 HPLC 系统的经过以后。结果:控制,有 Crohn 的疾病的病人和有 ulcerative 的病人的 TNFalpha 的中部的 +/- SE 是 6.02 +/- 3.94, 7.98 +/- 5.08 (P = NS 对控制) ,并且 8.45 +/- 4.15 ng/L (P = 0.018 对控制) 分别地。sTREM-1 的各自的价值是 53.31 +/- 32.93, 735.10 +/- 197.17 (P = 0.008 对控制) 并且 435.82 +/- 279.71 ng/L (P = 0.049 对控制) 。sTREM-1 断然与 Crohn 的疾病活动索引和 ulcerative 的临床、内视镜的活动索引被相关(P = 0.002, 0.001 和 0.009,分别地) 。有 ulcerative 的病人的 sTREM-1 断然与 TNFalpha 被相关(P = 0.001 ) 。结论:sTREM-1 似乎在与肠粘膜的炎性反应的度的关联在 IBD 作为一个新奇调停人表现。 | Michalis Tzivras Vassilios Koussoulas Evangelos J Giamarellos-Bourboulis Dimitrios Tzivras Thomas Tsaganos Pantelis Koutoukas Helen Giamarellou Athanasios Archimandritis | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，21： | 17 |
| 19 | Sperm DNA fragmentation, recurrent implantation failure and recurrent miscarriage显示文摘证据正在增加精子 DNA 的正直可能也与培植失败和周期性的流产(RM ) 有关。调查这,在有在 vitro 授精,与 RM 诊断的 16 个女人和七位最近的父亲(控制) 列在后面的周期性的培植失败(RIF ) 的 35 个女人的搭挡的精子 DNA 破碎被检验。精子由测试和终端 deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP 刻痕结束标记的精子染色质分散(SCD )(TUNEL ) 是检验密度前和密度以后的 centrifugation 试金。在在三之间的搭挡或精子集中,活动性或形态学组织的任何一个的年龄没有重要差别。而且,在 DNA 破碎由也测量了的精子没有明显的差别测试。不管多么虽然平均在所有的精子 DNA 破碎组织当由 SCD 测试测量了时,在准备精子是统计上更低的,这没从 TUNEL 试金与结果被看见。这些结果不支持精子 DNA 破碎是 RIF 或 RM 的一个重要原因的假设,否则测试的那精子 DNA 正直在如此的病人有价值。它也在从精子 DNA 破碎测试解释数据加亮测试方法论和精子准备方法之间的重要差别。 | Carol Coughlan Helen Clarke Rachel Cutting Jane Saxton Sarah Waite William Ledger Tinchiu Li Allan A Pacey | 2015 | Asian Journal of Andrology2015，17，4： | 17 |
| 20 | IGF-1R as an anti-cancer target—trials and tribulations显示文摘Type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) has long been recognized for its role in tumorigenesis and growth, but only recently have the tools for targeting the IGF pathway become available. More than 10 IGF/IGF-1R inhibitors have entered clinical trials, and these belong to three main classes: (1) monoclonal antibodies against IGF-1R, (2) monoclonal antibodies against IGF-1R ligands (IGF-1 and IGF- 2), and (3) IGF-1R tyrosine kinase inhibitors. These IGF-1R-targeting agents share common effects on IGF-1R signaling but differ in mechanisms of action, spectrum of target inhibition, and pharmacological features. Clinical activity of IGF-1R inhibitors has been demonstrated with sustained responses in a small number of patients with select tumor types, such as Ewing sarcoma and thymoma. However, many large clinical trials involving patients with adult tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, and pancreatic cancer, failed to show clinical benefit in the overall patient population. Possible reasons for failure include the complexity of the IGF-1R/insulin receptor system and parallel growth and survival pathways, as well as a lack of patient selection markers. While IGF-1R remains a valid target for selected tumor types, identification of predictive markers and rational combinations will be critical to success in future development. | Helen X. Chen Elad Sharon | 2013 | Chinese Journal of Cancer2013，32，5： | 16 |
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