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| 1 | Carbon pools and fluxes in the China Seas and adjacent oceans显示文摘The China Seas include the South China Sea, East China Sea, Yellow Sea, and Bohai Sea. Located off the Northwestern Pacific margin, covering 4700000 km^2 from tropical to northern temperate zones, and including a variety of continental margins/basins and depths, the China Seas provide typical cases for carbon budget studies. The South China Sea being a deep basin and part of the Western Pacific Warm Pool is characterized by oceanic features; the East China Sea with a wide continental shelf, enormous terrestrial discharges and open margins to the West Pacific, is featured by strong cross-shelf materials transport; the Yellow Sea is featured by the confluence of cold and warm waters; and the Bohai Sea is a shallow semiclosed gulf with strong impacts of human activities. Three large rivers, the Yangtze River, Yellow River, and Pearl River, flow into the East China Sea, the Bohai Sea, and the South China Sea, respectively. The Kuroshio Current at the outer margin of the Chinese continental shelf is one of the two major western boundary currents of the world oceans and its strength and position directly affect the regional climate of China. These characteristics make the China Seas a typical case of marginal seas to study carbon storage and fluxes. This paper systematically analyzes the literature data on the carbon pools and fluxes of the Bohai Sea,Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea, including different interfaces(land-sea, sea-air, sediment-water, and marginal sea-open ocean) and different ecosystems(mangroves, wetland, seagrass beds, macroalgae mariculture, coral reefs, euphotic zones, and water column). Among the four seas, the Bohai Sea and South China Sea are acting as CO_2 sources, releasing about0.22 and 13.86–33.60 Tg C yr^(-1) into the atmosphere, respectively, whereas the Yellow Sea and East China Sea are acting as carbon sinks, absorbing about 1.15 and 6.92–23.30 Tg C yr^(-1) of atmospheric CO_2, respectively. Overall, if only the CO_2 exchange at the sea-air interface is considered, the Chinese marginal seas appear to be a source of atmospheric CO_2, with a net release of 6.01–9.33 Tg C yr^(-1), mainly from the inputs of rivers and adjacent oceans. The riverine dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) input into the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea are 5.04, 14.60, and 40.14 Tg C yr^(-1),respectively. The DIC input from adjacent oceans is as high as 144.81 Tg C yr^(-1), significantly exceeding the carbon released from the seas to the atmosphere. In terms of output, the depositional fluxes of organic carbon in the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea are 2.00, 3.60, 7.40, and 5.92 Tg C yr^(-1), respectively. The fluxes of organic carbon from the East China Sea and South China Sea to the adjacent oceans are 15.25–36.70 and 43.93 Tg C yr^(-1), respectively. The annual carbon storage of mangroves, wetlands, and seagrass in Chinese coastal waters is 0.36–1.75 Tg C yr^(-1), with a dissolved organic carbon(DOC) output from seagrass beds of up to 0.59 Tg C yr^(-1). Removable organic carbon flux by Chinese macroalgae mariculture account for 0.68 Tg C yr^(-1) and the associated POC depositional and DOC releasing fluxes are 0.14 and 0.82 Tg C yr^(-1), respectively. Thus, in total, the annual output of organic carbon, which is mainly DOC, in the China Seas is 81.72–104.56 Tg C yr^(-1). The DOC efflux from the East China Sea to the adjacent oceans is 15.00–35.00 Tg C yr^(-1). The DOC efflux from the South China Sea is 31.39 Tg C yr^(-1). Although the marginal China Seas seem to be a source of atmospheric CO_2 based on the CO_2 flux at the sea-air interface, the combined effects of the riverine input in the area, oceanic input, depositional export,and microbial carbon pump(DOC conversion and output) indicate that the China Seas represent an important carbon storage area. | Nianzhi JIAO Yantao LIANG Yongyu ZHANG Jihua LIU Yao ZHANG Rui ZHANG Meixun ZHAO Minhan DAI Weidong ZHAI Kunshan GAO Jinming SONG Dongliang YUAN Chao LI Guanghui LIN Xiaoping HUANG Hongqiang YAN Limin HU Zenghu ZHANG Long WANG Chunjie CAO Yawei LUO Tingwei LUO Nannan WANG Hongyue DANG Dongxiao WANG Si ZHANG | 2018 | Science China Earth Sciences2018，61，11： | 12 |
| 2 | Large-Scale Membrane Bioreactors for Industrial Wastewater Treatment in China:Technical and Economic Features,Driving Forces,and Perspectives显示文摘Membrane bioreactors(MBRs)have been and will continue playing an important role in industrial wastewater treatment and reuse in China.The sustainable development of MBR technology in its mature-application stage requires reciprocal interactions between engineering and research participants.Thus,in this study,a total of 182 large-scale MBR projects treating industrial wastewater(with individual treatment capacities5000 m3d1)commissioned and under construction from 2003 to 2019 were analyzed comprehensively.Fast growth of the cumulative treatment capacity was observed,with extension to diverse industries,and the super large-scale was enhanced recently.The treatment processes,pollutant removal efficiencies,and actual operational parameters were summarized regarding the particularity of industrial wastewater compared to municipal wastewater.Economic features including the total investment costs of the projects,their total footprint,and their operational energy consumption were analyzed as well.A vigorous MBR market has formed in China with the fast development of membrane elements and engineering suppliers,continuously increasing official oriented projects,and responsive and innovative business modes.MBR technology has been mostly applied in specific economic zones and water-deficient areas,but its widespread use all over China is foreseeable considering the vast future market for industrial wastewater treatment and recycling.The policy–economy and market–technology driving forces revealed that MBR is consistent with the national development demand.According to the survey and analysis,prospective development in both engineering and research aspects of MBR is proposed to maintain its competitive edge. | Jiao Zhang Kang Xiao Ziwei Liu Tingwei Gao Shuai Liang Xia Huang | 2021 | Engineering2021，7，6： | 9 |
| 3 | ANALYSIS AND EXPERIMENT ON TRANSIENT DYNAMIC RESPONSE IN FINITE MINDLIN PLATE显示文摘The transient wave propagation in the finite rectangular Mindlin plate is investigated by the analytical and experimental methods. The generalized ray method (GRM) which has been successfully applied to study the transient responses of beams, planar trusses, space frames and infinite layered media is extended to investigate the transient wave propagation and early short time transient response in finite Mindlin plate. Combining the wave solution, the shock source and the boundary conditions, the ray groups transmitted in the finite rectangular plate can be determined. Numerical simulations and experiments are performed and compared with each other. The results show that the transient wave propagation and early short time transient responses in the finite plate can be studied using the GRM. The early short time transient accelerations are very large for the finite plate subjected to the unit impulse, while the early short time transient displacements are very small. The early short time transient accelerations under the unit impulse are much larger than those under the unit step impulse. The thickness and material characteristics have remarkable effects on the early short time transient responses. | Fengming Li Chunchuan Liu Tingwei Liang | 2013 | Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica2013，26，2： | 2 |
| 4 | Solar ground source heat-pump system显示文摘 | Bi Yuehong Guo Tingwei Zhang Liang | 2004 | Applied Energy2004，78，2： | 1 |
| 5 | Techno-economic characteristics of wastewater treatment plants retrofitted from the conventional activated sludge process to the membrane bioreactor process显示文摘While a growing number of wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)are being retrofitted from the conventional activated sludge(CAS)process to the membrane bioreactor(MBR)process,the debate on the techno-economy of MBR vs.CAS has continued and calls for a thorough assessment based on techno-economic valuation.In this study,we analyzed the operating data of 20 large-scale WWTPs(capacity≥10000 m^(3)/d)and compared their techno-economy before and after the retrofitting from CAS to MBR.Through cost-benefit analysis,we evaluated the net profit by subtracting the operating cost from the environmental benefit(estimated by the shadow price of pollutant removal and water reclamation).After the retrofitting,the removal rate of pollutants increased(e.g.,from 89.0%to 93.3%on average for NH3-N),the average energy consumption increased from 0.40 to 0.57 kWh/m^(3),but the operating cost did not increase significantly.The average marginal environmental benefit increased remarkably(from 0.47 to 0.66 CNY/g for NH3-N removal),leading to an increase in the average net profit from 19.4 to 24.4 CNY/mJ.We further scored the technical efficiencies via data envelopment analysis based on non-radial directional distance functions.After the retrofitting,the relative cost efficiency increased from 0.70 to 0.73(the theoretical maximum is 1),while the relative energy efficiency did not change significantly.The techno-economy is closely related to the effluent standard adopted,particularly when truncating the extra benefit of pollutant removal beyond the standard in economic modeling.The modeling results suggested that MBR is more profitable than CAS given stricter effluent standards. | Tingwei Gao Kang Xiao Jiao Zhang Wenchao Xue Chunhai Wei Xiaoping Zhang Shuai Liang Xiaomao Wang Xia Huang | 2022 | Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering2022，16，4： | 1 |
| 6 | Solar and ground source heat-pump system显示文摘 | BI Yuehong GUO Tingwei ZHANG Liang | 2004 | Applied Energy2004，78，2： | 1 |
| 7 | Solar and ground source heat-pump system 显示文摘 | Bi Yuehong Guo Tingwei Zhang Liang | 2004 | Applied Energy2004，78，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Solar Ground Source Heat Pump System显示文摘 | Bi Yuehong Guo Tingwei Zhang Liang | 2004 | Applied Energy2004，78，2： | 1 |
| 9 | Experimental study on cool release process of gas-hydrate with additives显示文摘 | Yuehong Bi Tingwei Guo Liang Zhang Hua Zhang Lingen Chen | 2008 | Energy & Buildings2008，，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling for the treatment of Cushing's disease Data from 52 cases from one institute over an eight-year period显示文摘The present study analyzed data from 108 Cushing's disease patients,who underwent trans-sphenoidal surgery in one hospital between January 2003 and April 2010,to investigate the performance value of bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS).Of the 108 patients,52 underwent BIPSS prior to surgery and 56 did not.Results showed that BIPSS accuracy for the diagnosis of Cushing's disease was 86.5% (45/52),and accuracy for adenoma lateralization during surgery was 76.9% (40/52).In addition,early remission rate was significantly greater compared to patients without BIPSS.Results demonstrated that BIPSS facilitated localization and diagnosis of Cushing's disease and helped to predict adenoma lateralization. | Changyan Fan Xiuhua Shi Qingfang Sun Liuguan Bian Weiguo Zhao Jiankang Shen Hua Zhang Tingwei Su Weiqing Wang Xiaoying Li Guang Ning Liang Kong Lingling Hu | 2011 | Neural Regeneration Research2011，6，28： | 1 |
| 11 | Solar and ground source heat pump system显示文摘 | Bi Yuehong Guo Tingwei Zhang Liang | 2004 | Applied Energy2004，78，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Solar and ground source heat-pump system 显示文摘 | Yuehong Bi Tingwei Guo Liang Zhang | 2004 | Applied Energy2004，78，： | 1 |
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