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| 1 | 河流相层序地层划分方法——以松辽盆地下白垩统扶余油层为例显示文摘以松辽盆地下白垩统泉头组扶余油层为例,探讨了河流沉积体系的层序地层分析方法。首先确定河流的成因类型和相域(微相)的构成,包括曲流河道、决口河道、决口扇、冲积平原和浅水湖泊,识别河流演化过程中由于河流冲溢形成的自旋回沉积作用和基准面变化产生的异旋回沉积作用,即基准面旋回;然后运用河流沉积学理论分析构成河流相的不同相域的形成与基准面变化的关系,识别基准面转换位置(基准面上升到下降或基准面下降到上升)的沉积学和地层学响应,从而建立等时地层对比格架。 | 邓宏文 吴海波 王宁 Timothy A.Cross | 2007 | 石油与天然气地质2007，28，5： | 85 |
| 2 | 行为主义、认知主义和建构主义(下)——从教学设计的视角比较其关键特征显示文摘界定学习的方式以及我们认为学习发生的方式 ,一直对我们要想促进人的认知和行为的变化有重要启示。学习理论为教学设计人员提供了各种教学策略以及促进学习的技巧 ,同时也包括策略选择的基础。然而 ,不少教学设计人员在学习理论方面的基础不甚理想。本文旨在让教学设计人员了解三种学习理论 (行为主义、认知主义和建构主义 )的相关主张 ,它们为教学规划和实施教学设计活动提供了坚实的基础。对每一种学习理论的观点 ,本文按照它对学习过程的特定解释和对教学设计与教育实践的重要启示进行说明。文中讨论的问题给读者提供了三种不同观点的比较 。 | Peggy A.Ertmer Timothy J.Newby 盛群力 | 2004 | 电化教育研究2004，25，4： | 67 |
| 3 | 慢性炎症、肿瘤微环境与癌变显示文摘某些肿瘤发生前或发生时常有慢性炎症。抗炎疗法在癌症的预防及治疗中也显现出一定的疗效。创伤愈合演变为癌症前兆的具体机理已成为当前研究的热点。已有研究证实,炎症介质、炎症相关基因多态性与癌变之间存在病原学关系。潜在的炎症过程可通过不同的机理影响肿瘤间室与癌症分期, | Tamas A. Gonda Shuiping Tu Timothy C. Wang 丁燕(翻译) 南娟(翻译) 刘谦(校对) | 2009 | 中国肺癌杂志2009，12，9： | 55 |
| 4 | Functional dyspepsia:Are psychosocial factors of relevance?显示文摘机能性消化不良(FD ) 的致病仍然保持不清楚,显得多样并且是不充分地理解的 thus。与另外的功能的胃肠的混乱类似,研究表明了在这普通诊断和精神分析聚会因素和精神病学的病态之间的一个协会。Conceptualising 在 FD 的症候群以内的这些因素的关联要求疾病的 biopsychosocial 模型的申请。用这个范例,在大脑和内脏之间的相互的通讯的 dysregulation 对症状产生,解释和恶化中央。对各种各样的心理状态的 neurobiological 相互关联的欣赏和理解也是相关的。精神分析聚会因素施加的看法他们在 FD 的影响也主要通过寻求的护理的动机坚持。这显得太一个维考虑到可得到的证据的断言支持一个更内在的病因论的连接。病原的机制的演变理解和症候群的异构的性质将便于有效管理。公司疾病的精神病学的病与常规治疗保证处理。在 FD,其度服从于变化,承认精神分析聚会变量的关联为评价和管理有含意。可得到的证据建议心理治疗可以特别地有益于 FD 病人那些与长期的症状。为在 FD 的治疗精神病的药的使用的基本原理是明显的,但是支持抗抑郁剂药物疗法的使用的证据底是标明日期有限的。 | Sandra Barry Timothy G Dinan | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，17： | 50 |
| 5 | 美国临床肿瘤学会IV期非小细胞肺癌化疗的临床实践指南更新显示文摘本文旨在为IV期非小细胞肺癌患者的治疗提供更新版推荐。本文资料检索源自2002年以来公布的相关随机试验文献。此指南范围限于化疗与生物治疗。更新委员会对这些文献进行了总结并提供了推荐更新。162篇文献符合标准被纳入参考。本推荐基于可改善总生存期的治疗方法。仅改善无进展生存期的治疗方法推动了对毒性及生存质量的监测。对于体力状态评分为0分或1分患者的一线治疗,可推荐以铂类为基础的细胞毒性药物的两药联用。对铂类治疗有禁忌的患者,可采用非铂类细胞毒性两药联合。对于体力状态评分为2分的患者,单一细胞毒性药物即可。对于疾病进展或经过4个周期的治疗仍对治疗无反应的患者,应停止一线细胞毒性化疗。即使在6个周期后患者对治疗仍有反应,亦应停止两药细胞毒性化疗。对于伴有明确的表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)突变的患者,可推荐一线采用吉非替尼治疗;对于EGFR突变为阴性或不明确的患者,细胞毒性化疗更佳。除具有特定临床特征的患者外,可推荐贝伐单抗与卡铂-紫杉醇联用。对于通过免疫组化证实EGFR阳性的肿瘤患者,可推荐西妥昔单抗与顺铂-长春瑞滨联用。多西紫杉醇、厄洛替尼、吉非替尼或培美曲塞被推荐作为二线治疗。对于未曾接受过厄洛替尼或吉非替尼治疗的患者,可推荐厄洛替尼作为三线治疗。现有数据不足以推荐常规三线采用细胞毒性药物。已有的证据也不足以推荐常规应用分子标记物选择化疗。 | Christopher G. AZZOLI Sherman Baker JR Sarah TEMIN William PAO Timothy ALIFF Julie BRAHMER David H. JOHNSON Janessa L. LASKIN Gregory MASTERS Daniel MILTON Luke NORDQUIST David G. PFISTER Steven PIANTADOSI Joan H. SCHILLER Reily SMITH Thomas J. SMITH John R. STRAWN David TRENT Giuseppe GIACCONE 丁燕(翻译) 南娟(翻译) 刘谦(翻译) 周清华(校对) 陈军(校对) | 2010 | 中国肺癌杂志2010，13，3： | 43 |
| 6 | Abstract from: Pharmacologic treatment of hypertension in adults aged 60 years or older to higher versus lower blood pressure targets: A clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians and the American Academy of Family Physicians显示文摘Description: The American College of Physicians (ACP) and the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) jointly developed this guideline to present the evidence and provide clinical recommendations based on the benefits and harms of higher versus lower blood pressure targets for the treatment of hypertension in adults aged 60 years or older. | Amir Qaseem Timothy J. Wilt Robert Rich Linda L. Humphrey Jennifer Frost Mary Ann Forciea | 2017 | Chinese Nursing Research2017，4，4： | 43 |
| 7 | 行为主义、认知主义和建构主义(上)——从教学设计的视角比较其关键特征显示文摘界定学习的方式以及我们认为学习发生的方式 ,一直对我们要想促进人的认知和行为的变化有重要启示。学习理论为教学设计人员提供了各种教学策略以及促进学习的技巧 ,同时也包括策略选择的基础。然而 ,不少教学设计人员在学习理论方面的基础不甚理想。本文旨在让教学设计人员了解三种学习理论 (行为主义、认知主义和建构主义 )的相关主张 ,它们为教学规划和实施教学设计活动提供了坚实的基础。对每一种学习理论的观点 ,本文按照它对学习过程的特定解释和对教学设计与教育实践的重要启示进行说明。文中讨论的信息给读者提供了三种不同观点的比较 。 | Peggy A.Ertmer Timothy J.Newby 盛群力 | 2004 | 电化教育研究2004，25，3： | 44 |
| 8 | 加拿大和英国医学院校的课程地图显示文摘本文对英国和加拿大医学院校课程地图(CM)的建设现状、特征、挑战和成功的方面进行了调查研究。结果显示,已有20%的学校完成了CM的构建,而大多数院校正在着力构建中;在CM的构建中,使用了各种不同的软件;当前主要的挑战是对人力的需求、医学本体论的应用、教师发展和接口设计。 | Timothy G Willett 梅人朗 | 2010 | 复旦教育论坛2010，8，3： | 30 |
| 9 | 城市自然景区游客环境责任行为影响因素研究显示文摘城市自然景区是城市中不可多得的旅游资源和游憩空间,游客旅游行为对城市自然景区的游憩冲击一直是城市旅游管理亟待解决的棘手问题,研究游客的环境责任行为是控制游憩负面冲击,增强城市自然景区可持续发展能力的有效途径。本研究在国内外文献综述和实践观察基础上,将游客社会责任意识引入游客环境冲击感知和环境责任行为的关系研究中,建立了包含生态环境冲击感知、不友善行为感知、游客冲突感知和设施管理冲击感知四个游憩冲击感知变量,自我约束行为和保护促进行为两个环境责任行为变量的'游憩冲击感知—社会责任意识—环境责任行为'理论模型,应用问卷调查和结构方程模型,以长沙岳麓山国家5A级景区为案例,对城市自然景区游客环境责任行为的影响因素及其相互关系展开定量实证研究。研究发现:(1)游客游憩冲击感知对环境责任行为的直接影响作用较小,生态环境冲击感知对环境保护促进行为具有显著正向影响;(2)游客社会责任意识对环境自我约束行为具有显著正向影响,其在游客环境冲击感知、设施管理冲击感知、游客冲突感知与环境责任行为的影响关系中起中介作用;(3)游客冲击感知对社会责任意识的影响主要表现为游客生态环境冲击感知和设施管理冲击感知对游客社会责任意识具有显著的正向影响,而游客冲突感知对游客社会责任意识具有显著的负向影响。根据研究结论,文章最后指出城市自然景区游客环境责任行为若干管理启示。 | 罗文斌 张小花 钟诚 孟贝 TIMOTHY D J | 2017 | 中国人口·资源与环境2017，27，5： | 30 |
| 10 | Colorectal cancer:Metastases to a single organ显示文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC) is a common malignancy worldwide. In CRC patients, metastases are the main cause of cancer-related mortality. In a group of metastatic CRC patients, the metastases are limited to a single site(solitary organ); the liver and lungs are the most commonly involved sites. When metastatic disease is limited to the liver and/or lungs, the resectability of the metastatic lesions will dictate the management approach and the outcome. Less commonly, the site of solitary organ CRC metastasis is the peritoneum. In these patients, cytoreduction followed by hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy may improve the outcome. Rarely, CRC involves other organs, such as the brain, bone, adrenals and spleen, as the only site of metastatic disease. There are limited data to guide clinical practice in these cases. Here, we have reviewed the disease characteristics, management approaches and prognosis based on the metastatic disease site in patients with CRC with metastases to a single organ. | Sina Vatandoust Timothy J Price Christos S Karapetis | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，41： | 30 |
| 11 | 鄂西黄陵背斜南部元古宙庙湾蛇绿岩的发现及其构造意义显示文摘对鄂西黄陵背斜南部宜昌太平溪、邓村一带崆岭岩群中的元古宙庙湾岩组强烈变形变质超镁铁—镁铁质岩的研究表明,镁铁质岩主要为似层状细粒斜长角闪岩,变辉长岩岩体、岩脉及辉绿岩岩脉,超镁铁质岩则主要为蛇纹石化纯橄榄岩、方辉橄榄岩,呈构造岩片、岩块分布于斜长角闪岩之中。细粒斜长角闪岩TiO2=1.14%~1.48%,稀土元素配分型式为略亏损—平坦型,无明显的Eu异常,(La/Yb)N=0.87~1.12,La/Nb、Ce/Zr、Zr/Nb、Zr/Y、Ti/Y平均值分别为1.04、0.15、18.78、2.53、290.51,Nb/Th平均为9.88,显示为大洋中脊构造环境形成的N-MORB型拉斑玄武岩;变辉长岩具典型的堆晶结构特征,稀土元素配分型式为平坦型,具明显的Eu正异常;蛇纹石化纯橄榄岩的稀土元素配分型式具中稀土元素略亏损的U形特征,显示为LREE略富集的地幔岩。上述特征表明,黄陵背斜南部崆岭岩群中的元古宙庙湾岩组实际上是一套混杂堆积的古大洋蛇绿岩残片。元古宙庙湾蛇绿岩的发现为华南扬子克拉通存在中元古代洋盆和哥伦比亚超大陆聚合、裂解构造事件提供了重要的证据。 | 彭松柏 李昌年 Kusky Timothy M 王璐 张先进 蒋幸福 熊承仁 | 2010 | 地质通报2010，29，1： | 25 |
| 12 | 权力关系、社区空间与乡村旅游利益获取——基于福建省泰宁县五个乡村社区的实证研究显示文摘权力关系主导着社区空间的生产及其利益分配。旅游规划作为一种权力工具,引发乡村社区空间的等级秩序发生变化,使乡村社区权力和利益分配出现新的非均衡发展的空间格局。旅游开发中政府权力主导的房屋拆迁、土地征用等介入方式可能导致乡村社区丧失旅游空间生产控制权。权力关系影响下的乡村社区与旅游生产的空间关联性、乡村社区的旅游参与性决定着社区居民的旅游利益。本文对福建省泰宁县的五个乡村旅游社区的调查研究证实了以上观点。 | 景秀艳 Timothy J.Tyrrell | 2012 | 旅游科学2012，26，5： | 25 |
| 13 | Cardiac rehabilitation and exercise therapy in the elderly: Should we invest in the aged?显示文摘冠的心疾病(CHD ) 是世界范围的死亡的领先的原因并且在病人之中变得逐渐地流行 65 岁以上。老病人在为复杂并发症的更高的风险并且在一个心血管的事件以后加速物理 deconditioning,特别与他们的更年轻的对应物相比。最后几十年是到与 CHD 在病人之中在死亡,锻练能力,心理风险因素,发炎,和肥胖上表明了心脏的康复(CR ) 和锻练治疗的有益的效果的多重研究的厕所。不幸地,这个领域里的可得到的数据的重要部分与更年轻的病人相关。可行解释是更老的病人在为以病人开始并且延长到医生的多重原因的这些节目是非常未被充分代表的。在这篇文章,我们将考察 CR 节目的好处在之中老,以及一些妨碍他们的参予的障碍。 | Arthur R Menezes Carl J Lavie Richard V Milani Ross A Arena Timothy S Church | 2012 | Journal of Geriatric Cardiology2012，9，1： | 25 |
| 14 | Targeting the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling network in cancer显示文摘The phosphoinositide 3-kinase-AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K-AKT-mTOR) pathway is a frequently hyperactivated pathway in cancer and is important for tumor cell growth and survival. The development of targeted therapies against mTOR, a vital substrate along this pathway, led to the approval of allosteric inhibitors, including everolimus and temsirolimus, for the treatment of breast, renal, and pancreatic cancers. However, the suboptimal duration of response in unselected patients remains an unresolved issue. Numerous novel therapies against critical nodes of this pathway are therefore being actively investigated in the clinic in multiple tumour types. In this review, we focus on the progress of these agents in clinical development along with their biological rationale, the need of predictive biomarkers and various combination strategies, which will be useful in counteracting the mechanisms of resistance to this class of drugs. | Khurum H. Khan Timothy A. Yap Li Yan David Cunningham | 2013 | Chinese Journal of Cancer2013，32，5： | 25 |
| 15 | Intracellular HMGB1 as a novel tumor suppressor of pancreatic cancer显示文摘尽管有最近的进展, oncogenic K 地岬驾驶的胰腺的 ductal 腺癌(PDAC ) 在最致命的人的癌症之中留在现代医学。PDAC 的致病对内在的染色体不稳定性和外来的发炎激活部分可归因。然而,在在胰腺的 tumorigenesis 的这二个事件之间的分子的连接充分还没被建立了。这里,我们证明(HMGB1 ) 细胞内部的高活动性组盒子 1 显著地压制 oncogenic 由禁止染色体的 K-Ras-driven 胰腺的 tumorigenesis 调停不稳定性的支持 inflammatory nucleosome 版本。任何一个单身者的有条件的基因脱离或在胰的 HMGB1 的两等位基因在出生使老鼠变为极其敏感到先锋损害的 oncogenic K-Ras-driven 开始,包括胰腺的 intraepithelial 瘤, intraductal 乳突的 mucinous 瘤,和 mucinous 膀胱的瘤。在胰的 HMGB1 的损失与染色体重新整理和 telomere 畸形描绘的氧化 DNA 损坏和 chromosomal 不稳定性被联系。这些导致煽动性的 nucleosome 版本并且宣传 K-Ras-driven 胰腺的 tumorigenesis。细胞外的 nucleosomes 支持 interleukin 6 (IL-6 ) 由渗入 macrophages/neutrophils 的分泌物并且提高在胰腺的损害表明激活的 oncogenic K 地岬。到 IL-6 或 histone H3 或为先进 glycation 的受体的大美人的抵销的抗体结束产品都限制表明激活的 K 地岬,阻止癌症开发和转移 / 侵略,并且延长在 Pdx1-Cre 的动物幸存; K 地岬 G12D/+;Hmgb1/ 鼠标。由 glycyrrhizin 的 HMGB1 损失的药理学抑制在煽动性的条件下面在老鼠限制 oncogenic K-Ras-driven tumorigenesis。减少在 PDAC 病人的 HMGB1 的原子、全部的细胞的表示与差的全面幸存相关,在 PDAC 与预示、治疗学的关联作为新奇肿瘤 suppressor 支持细胞内部的 HMGB1。 | Rui Kang Yangchun Xie Qiuhong Zhang Wen Hou Qingping Jiang Shan Zhu Jinbao Liu Dexing Zeng Haichao Wang David L Bartlet Timothy R Billiar Herbert J Zeh III Michael T Lotze Daolin Tang | 2017 | Cell Research2017，27，7： | 22 |
| 16 | Observation of ocean current response to 1998 Hurricane Georges in the Gulf of Mexico显示文摘The ocean current response to a hurricane on the shelf-break is examined. The study area is the DeSoto Canyon in the northeast Gulf of Mexico, and the event is the passage of 1998 Hurricane Georges with a maximum wind speed of 49 m/s. The data sets used for analy- sis consist of the mooring data taken by the Field Program of the DeSoto Canyon Eddy Intrusion Study, and simultaneous winds ob- served by NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Moored Buoy 42040. Time-depth ocean current energy density images derived from the observed data show that the ocean currents respond almost immediately to the hurricane with important differ- ences on and off the shelf. On the shelf, in the shallow water of 100 m, the disturbance penetrates rapidly downward to the bottom and forms two energy peaks, the major peak is located in the mixed layer and the secondary one in the lower layer. The response dissipates quickly after external forcing disappears. Off the shelf, in the deep water, the major disturbance energy seems to be trapped in the mixed layer with a trailing oscillation; although the disturbance signals may still be observed at the depths of 500 and 1 290 m. Verti- cal dispersion analysis reveals that the near-initial wave packet generated off the shelf consists of two modes. One is a barotropic wave mode characterized by a fast decay rate of velocity amplitude of 0.020 s-1, and the other is baroclinic wave mode characterized by a slow decay rate of 0.006 9 s-1. The band-pass-filtering and empirical function techniques are employed to the frequency analysis. The results indicate that all frequencies shift above the local inertial frequency. On the shelf, the average frequency is 1.04f in the mixed layer, close to the diagnosed frequency of the first baroclinic mode, and the average frequency increases to 1.07f in the thermocline. Off the shelf, all frequencies are a little smaller than the diagnosed frequency of the first mode. The average frequency decreases from 1.035f in the mixed layer to 1.02f in the thermocline, implying a trend for the shift in frequency of the oscillations towards f with the depth. | ZHENG Quanan LAI Ronald J HUANG Nortlen E PAN Jiayi LIU W Timothy | 2006 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2006，25，1： | 20 |
| 17 | Autoantibody to MOG suggests two distinct clinical subtypes of NMOSD显示文摘We characterized a unique group of patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder(NMOSD) who carried autoantibodies of aquaporin-4(AQP4) and myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein(MOG). Among the 125 NMOSD patients, 10(8.0%) were AQP4- and MOG-ab double positive, and 14(11.2%) were MOG-ab single positive. The double-positive patients had a multiphase disease course with a high annual relapse rate(P=0.0431), and severe residual disability(P<0.0001). Of the double-positive patients, 70% had MS-like brain lesions, more severe edematous, multifocal regions on spinal magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), pronounced decreases of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and atrophy of optic nerves. In contrast, patients with only MOG-ab had a higher ratio of monophasic disease course and mild residual disability. Spinal cord MRI illustrated multifocal cord lesions with mild edema, and brain MRIs showed more lesions around lateral ventricles. NMOSD patients carrying both autoantibodies to AQP4 and MOG existed and exhibited combined features of prototypic NMO and relapsing-remitting form of MS, whereas NMOSD with antibodies to MOG only exhibited an 'intermediate' phenotype between NMOSD and MS. Our study suggests that antibodies against MOG might be pathogenic in NMOSD patients and that determination of anti-MOG antibodies maybe instructive for management of NMOSD patients. | Yaping Yan Yujing Li Ying Fu Li Yang Lei Su Kaibin Shi Minshu Li Qiang Liu Aimee Borazanci Yaou Liu Yong He Jeffrey L Bennett Timothy L Vollmer Fu-Dong Shi | 2016 | Science China(Life Sciences)2016，59，12： | 20 |
| 18 | Geological Evidence for the Operation of Plate Tectonics throughout the Archean:Records from Archean Paleo-Plate Boundaries显示文摘Plate tectonics describes the horizontal motion of rigid lithospheric plates away from midoceanic ridges and parallel to transforms, towards deep-sea trenches, where the oceanic lithosphere is subducted into the mantle. This process is the surface expression of modern-day heat loss from Earth. One of the biggest questions in Geosciences today is 'when did plate tectonics begin on Earth' with a wide range of theories based on an equally diverse set of constraints from geology, geochemistry, numerical modeling, or pure speculation. In this contribution, we turn the coin over and ask 'when was the last appearance in the geological record for which there is proof that plate tectonics did not operate on the planet as it does today'. We apply the laws of uniformitarianism to the rock record to ask how far back in time is the geologic record consistent with presently-operating kinematics of plate motion, before which some other mechanisms of planetary heat loss may have been in operation. Some have suggested that evidence shows that there was no plate tectonics before 800 Ma ago, others sometime before 1.8–2.7 Ga, or before 2.7 Ga. Still others recognize evidence for plate tectonics as early as 3.0 Ga, 3.3–3.5 Ga, the age of the oldest rocks, or in the Hadean before 4.3 Ga. A key undiscussed question is: why is there such a diversity of opinion about the age at which plate tectonics can be shown to not have operated, and what criteria are the different research groups using to define plate tectonics, and to recognize evidence of plate tectonics in very old rocks? Here, we present and evaluate data from the rock record, constrained by relevant geochemical-isotopic data, and conclude that the evidence shows indubitably that plate tectonics has been operating at least since the formation of the oldest rocks, albeit with some differences in processes, compositions, and products in earlier times of higher heat generation and mantle temperature, weaker oceanic lithosphere, hotter subduction zones caused by more slab-melt generation, and under different biological and atmospheric conditions. | Timothy M.Kusky Brian F.Windley Ali Polat | 2018 | Journal of Earth Science2018，29，6： | 20 |
| 19 | 氨基酸铁络合物对新生和哺乳仔猪铁营养状况的影响显示文摘用24头已与杜洛克父本配种的妊娠70天的(长×大)杂交母猪及其所生的24窝仔猪进行试验,研究不同铁源与注射铁剂补铁对新生和哺乳仔猪铁营养状况的影响。试验分为妊娠和泌乳两个阶段,均采用完全随机设计。在妊娠阶段,将妊娠70天的杂交母猪24头随机分为3个处理组,分别饲喂添加80mg/kg铁源于硫酸亚铁的玉米 豆粕 小麦麸型饲粮(正对照组)和在正对照组饲粮基础上添加120mg/kg铁源于氨基酸铁络合物的饲粮(有机铁组),以及在正对照组饲粮基础上添加120mg/kg铁源于硫酸亚铁的饲粮(无机铁组)。在泌乳阶段,泌乳母猪继续饲喂以上妊娠母猪的相应处理饲粮,而对来源于以上24头母猪的24窝新生仔猪,则设置成另外3个饲粮铁处理组,即来源于以上正对照组母猪的哺乳仔猪饲喂未添加铁的玉米 豆粕 干乳清粉 鱼粉型基础饲粮开食料(负对照组),来源于以上有机铁组母猪的哺乳仔猪饲喂在负对照组基础上添加120mg/kg铁源于氨基酸铁络合物的饲粮开食料(有机铁组),和来源于以上无机铁组母猪的哺乳仔猪饲喂在负对照组基础上添加120mg/kg铁源于硫酸亚铁的饲粮开食料(无机铁组)。每窝仔猪中有一半于出生后的第1天内以葡萄糖酸铁形式一次性注射100mg铁,另一半则不注射铁。哺乳仔猪于出生后的第5天开始喂给开食料,直到27日龄断奶结束。结果表? | 曾丽莉 陈婉如 罗绪刚 魏克强 Timothy M.Fakler 林燕 潘瑞珍 吕林 刘彬 | 2003 | 畜牧兽医学报2003，34，1： | 20 |
| 20 | Irritable bowel syndrome: A microbiome-gut-brain axis disorder?显示文摘Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) is an extremely prevalent but poorly understood gastrointestinal disorder. Consequently, there are no clear diagnostic markers to help diagnose the disorder and treatment options are limited to management of the symptoms. The concept of a dysregulated gut-brain axis has been adopted as a suitable model for the disorder. The gut microbiome may play an important role in the onset and exacerbation of symptoms in the disorder and has been extensively studied in this context. Although a causal role cannot yet be inferred from the clinical studies which have attempted to characterise the gut microbiota in IBS, they do confirm alterations in both community stability and diversity. Moreover, it has been reliably demonstrated that manipulation of the microbiota can influence the key symptoms, including abdominal pain and bowel habit, and other prominent features of IBS. A variety of strategies have been taken to study these interactions, including probiotics, antibiotics, faecal transplantations and the use of germ-free animals. There are clear mechanisms through which the microbiota can produce these effects, both humoral and neural. Taken together, these findings firmly establish the microbiota as a critical node in the gut-brain axis and one which is amenable to therapeutic interventions. | Paul J Kennedy John F Cryan Timothy G Dinan Gerard Clarke | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，39： | 20 |
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