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| 1 | Analysis on Factors Related to Rabies Epidemic in China from 2007-2011显示文摘To analyze features of the rabies epidemic in China between 2007 and 2011, identify factors influencing the epidemic and to provide a scientific basis for further control and prevention of rabies, Descriptive epidemiological methods and statistical analysis was used on data collected from the National Disease Reporting Information System between 2007 to 2011 and the National Active Surveillance System between 2007 and 2010. Our analysis shows that while the number of human rabies cases decreased year by year, the number of districts reporting cases did not show significant change. The situations in Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou and Hunan provinces clearly improved over the period but they remain provinces with high-incidence, and consequently influence the epidemic situation of surrounding provinces and possibly the whole country. Summer and autumn were high-incidence seasons. Farmers, students and pre-school children represent the high-risk populations, and rates of cases in farmers increased, those for students decreased, and pre-school children remained unchanged. Provinces with active surveillance programs reported a total of 2346 individual cases, of which 88.53% were associated with canines. Postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) of rabies cases was not significantly improved, whereas PEP in post-exposure population was good. In rural regions of China, canine density was reduced somewhat, and the immunization rate increased slightly. Finally we show that while the epidemic decreased 2007 to 2011 in China, cases continued to be diffused in certain regions. Lack of standardization of PEP on rabies cases was the main reason of morbidity. The high density and low immunization of dog in rural areas and the defective situation of PEP are still continuous occurrences in China and remain a cause for concern. | Cui-ping Yin Hang Zhou Hui Wu Xiao-yan Tao Simon Rayner Shu-mei Wang Qing Tang Guo-dong Liang | 2012 | Virologica Sinica2012，27，2： | 22 |
| 2 | Advances of Bioinformatics Tools Applied in Virus Epitopes Prediction显示文摘In recent years,the in silico epitopes prediction tools have facilitated the progress of vaccines development significantly and many have been applied to predict epitopes in viruses successfully. Herein,a general overview of different tools currently available,including T cell and B cell epitopes prediction tools,is presented. And the principles of different prediction algorithms are reviewed briefly. Finally,several examples are present to illustrate the application of the prediction tools. | Simon Rayner | 2011 | Virologica Sinica2011，26，1： | 7 |
| 3 | Comparison of RFFIT Tests with Different Standard Sera and Testing Procedures显示文摘The World Health Organization (WHO) standard assay for determining antibody level is the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT) and is used to determine the degree of immunity after vaccination against rabies. To compare the difference in RFFIT results between the laboratories of The National Institute of Infectious Disease in Japan (NIID) and the Chinese Centre for Disease Control (CCDC) as well the influence of the choice of standard serum (STD) for the detection, the two laboratories detection methods were simultaneously manipulated by RFFIT. The reference serums used in NIID and the WHO standard serum used in CCDC were compared in the same RFFIT detection to determine the titer of four sera samples C1, S1, S2 and S4 in parallel, and the titers of the detected sera samples were calculated using the standard formula for neutralizing antibody titer. No significant difference was found in RFFIT methods from the two laboratories and the RFFIT testing procedures of the two laboratories have good consistency. However, different titers were obtained with the tentative internal standard serum (TI-STD) produced by adjusting to 2.0 IU of WHO standard serum in NIID and the WHO STD. The titer determined with the TI-STD was higher than that determined with WHO STD, This difference appears to be significant and requires further investigation. | Peng-cheng Yu Akira Noguchi Satoshi Inoue Qing Tang Simon Rayner Guo-dong Liang | 2012 | Virologica Sinica2012，27，3： | 6 |
| 4 | 赣南脐橙溃疡病菌菌系分化初步研究显示文摘从赣南6县市分离得到22株脐橙溃疡病菌并对其进行25项生理生化试验,结果表明,在所测试的16项生理特征中有8项(果糖、乳糖、麦芽糖、葡萄糖、柠檬酸盐、醋酸盐、耐盐性(1%~3%)和pH(5.0~8.0),反应结果相同,而在对蔗糖、木糖、肌醇、山梨醇、甘露醇等碳源利用上存在差异显著;在9项生化试验项目中除硝酸盐还原都为阳性外,而在尿素试验、V-P试验、甲基红试验、石蕊牛奶试验结果上也存在较大差异。利用最大距离法和Jaccard距离法对所分离的菌株进行聚类分析,发现不同地区来源的赣南脐橙溃疡病菌可以聚为一类,说明赣南脐橙溃疡病菌存在广泛的分化现象。 | 郭青云 李坊贞 方玮 Simon Rayner 陈玲 张慧琴 | 2011 | 江西农业大学学报2011，33，2： | 4 |
| 5 | Genetic Characteristics of 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza A Viruses Isolated from China's Mainland显示文摘A total of 100 H1N1 flu real-time-PCR positive throat swabs collected from fever patients in Zhejiang, Hubei and Guangdong between June and November 2009, were provided by local CDC laboratories. After MDCK cell culture, 57 Influenza A Pandemic (H1N1) viruses were isolated and submitted for whole genome sequencing. A total of 39 HA sequences, 52 NA sequences, 36 PB2 sequences, 31 PB1 sequences, 40 PA sequences, 48 NP sequences, 51 MP sequences and 36 NS sequences were obtained, including 20 whole genome sequences. Sequence comparison revealed they shared a high degree of homology (96%~99%) with known epidemic strains (A/California/04/2009(H1N1). Phylogenetic analysis showed that although the sequences were highly conserved, they clustered into a small number of groups with only a few distinct strains. Site analysis revealed three substitutions at loop 220 (221-228) of the HA receptor binding site in the 39 HA sequences: A/Hubei/86/2009 PKVRDQEG→PKVRDQEA, A/Zhejiang/08/2009 PKVRDQEG→PKVRDQER, A/Hubei/75/2009 PKVRDQEG→PKVRDQGG, the A/Hubei/75/2009 was isolated from an acute case, while the other two were from patients with mild symptoms. Other key sites such as 119, 274, 292 and 294 amino acids of NA protein,627 of PB2 protein were conserved. Meanwhile, all the M2 protein sequences possessed the Ser32Asn mutation, suggesting that these viruses were resistant to adamantanes. Comparison of these sequences with other H1N1 viruses collected from the NCBI database provides insight into H1N1 transmission and circulation patterns. | Jiu-ru Zhao Yong-dong Li Li-min Pan Na Zhu Hong-xia Ni Guo-zhang Xu Yong-zhong Jiang Xi-xiang Huo Jun-qiang Xu Han Xia Na Han Shuang Tang Zhong Zhang Zheng Kou Simon Rayner Tian-xian Li | 2011 | Virologica Sinica2011，26，6： | 4 |
| 6 | Novel Evidence Suggests Hepatitis B Virus Surface Proteins Participate in Regulation of HBV Genome Replication显示文摘Naturally occurring mutations in surface proteins of Hepatitis B virus(HBV) usually result in altered hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) secretion efficiency.In the present study,we reported two conserved residues,M75 and M103 with respect to HBsAg,mutations of which not only attenuated HBsAg secretion(M75 only),but also suppressed HBV genome replication without compromising the overlapping p-gene product.We also found M75 and M103 can initiate truncated surface protein(TSPs) synthesis upon over-expression of full-length surface proteins,which may possibly contribute to HBV genome replication.However,attempts to rescue replicationdefective HBV mutant by co-expression of TSPs initiated from M75 or M103 were unsuccessful,which indicated surface proteins rather than the putative TSPs were involved in regulation of HBV genome replication. | Jian Qiu Bo Qin Simon Rayner Chun-chen Wu Rong-juan Pei Song Xu Yun Wang Xin-wen Chen | 2011 | Virologica Sinica2011，26，2： | 4 |
| 7 | 流行性乙型脑炎病毒脑脊液分离株“47株”全基因组特征分析显示文摘目的对1950年分离自我国黑龙江省患者脑脊液的乙脑病毒“47株”进行全基因组序列的测定和分析,全面了解其全基因组特征。方法复苏毒种提取病毒RNA,使用自行设计的乙脑病毒全基因组扩增测序引物,完成对病毒全基因组序列的测定。采用DNAStar、Modehest、Phylip等生物软件完成全基因组核苷酸、氨基酸序列差异分析和乙脑病毒全基因组的系统进化分析。结果乙脑病毒“47株”全长10977个核苷酸。96至10391位为开放读码框ORF,共10296个核苷酸,编码3432个氨基酸。“47株”与5株疫苗株在全基因组水平的核苷酸差异在2.4%-4.4%之间,氨基酸差异在0.3%~1.1%之间。乙脑病毒全基因组最适进化模型为GTR+I+G。全基因组进化分析显示“47株”属于基因Ⅲ型乙脑病毒。结论“47株”全基因组核苷酸和氨基酸高度保守,属于基因Ⅲ型乙脑病毒。 | 潘晓玲 王环宇 付士红 韩娜 刘海舟 Simon Rayner 梁国栋 | 2009 | 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志2009，23，1： | 3 |
| 8 | Molecular Characterization of a Highly Pathogenetic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Variant in Hubei, China显示文摘Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has been recognized as one of the most important pathogens of pigs throughout the world. In 2006, more than 10 provinces of China have experienced an epizootic outbreak of pig diseases characterized by high fever, reddened skin and high morbidity and mortality. From June 2006 to April 2007, we have investigated some clinical samples in Hubei province by RT-PCR and cloned several major genes, N, GP5 and NSP2 gene, shown in this study. Phylogenetic analysis of these genes revealed that the highly pathogenic PRRSV variant, ZB, was responsible for 2006 emergent outbreak of pig disease in Hubei province similar with those variants isolated from other provinces in China in 2006, and belongs to the NA-type PRRSV. In the PRRSV variants, the N and GP5 shear about 90% identity with prototypic ATCC VR-2332 and some typical NA-type Chinese isolates, except the 2850bp NSP2 gene (only shares 65% identity with ATCC VR-2332). But they all shear more than and 97% identity with other highly pathogenetic Chinese PRRSV strains. Additionally, there are extensive amino acid (aa) mutations in the GP5 protein and 2 deletions in the Nsp2 protein when compared with the previous isolates. Most of the variants found in 2006 epizootic outbreak of pig diseases in China were the farthest variants from the typical NA-type PRRSV in phylogenetic distance, and these diversities may be responsible for the differences in the pathogenicity observed between these variants and original Chinese PRRSV strains. | Yi HUANG Bing ZHANG Zhen-fang FU Simon Rayner Fang-liang ZHENG Wang-wang LIANG Ke-li YANG Di-ping XU Han-zhong WANG | 2009 | Virologica Sinica2009，24，1： | 2 |
| 9 | Molecular Characterization of China Human Rabies Vaccine Strains显示文摘To understand the molecular characteristics of China human rabies vaccine strains, we report the full-length genome of the aG strain and present a comprehensive analysis of this strain and almost all available lyssavirus genomes (58 strains) from GenBank (as of Jan 6, 2011). It is generally considered that the G protein plays a predominant role in determining the pathogenicity of the virus, to this end we predicted the tertiary structure of the G protein of aG strain, CTN181 strain and wild type strain HN10 based on the crystal structure of Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) G. The predicted RABV G structure has a similar topology to VSV G and the ectodomain can be divided into 4 distinct domains DI-DIV. By mapping the characterized mutations to this structure between China vaccine strains and their close street strains, we speculate that the G303(P-H) mutations of CTN181 and HN10 causing DⅡ 3D change may be associated with the attenuated virulence in both strains. Specifically, the two signature mutations (G165P and G231P) in the aG strain are withinβsheets, suggesting that both sites are of structural importance. | Xiaoyan Tao Na Han Zhenyang Guo Qing Tang Simon Rayner Guodong Liang | 2013 | Virologica Sinica2013，28，2： | 2 |
| 10 | The amino acid substitutions rtP177G and rtF249A in the reverse transcriptase domain of hepatitis B virus polymerase reduce the susceptibility to tenofovir显示文摘 | Bo Qin Bettina Budeus Liang Cao Chunchen Wu Yun Wang Xiaoyong Zhang Simon Rayner Daniel Hoffmann Mengji Lu Xinwen Chen | 2013 | Antiviral Research2013，，2： | 1 |
| 11 | A faster immunofluorescence assay for tracking infection progress of human cytomegalovirus显示文摘Immunofluorescence 试金(IFA ) 是在生物科学和诊所诊断的最经常使用的方法之一,但是它昂贵、费时间。克服这些限制,我们由修改标准 IFA 开发了更快、更划算的 IFA (f-IFA ) ,并且使用了这个方法追踪人的 cytomegalovirus (HCMV ) 的前进在不同房间的感染。我们开发了的 f-IFA 不仅节省时间,而且戏剧性地减少抗体(Ab ) 的数量,它将在诊所诊断便于 IFA 的应用程序。f-IFA 为堵住,为主要的各个的 10 min 孵化和第二等的 Abs 要求仅仅 15 min,由 1 min 列在后面广泛在每孵化以后洗。仅仅冲淡的 Ab 答案的 25 l 在主要、第二等的 Ab 孵化步骤为每 coverslip 被需要。另外,所有步骤在房间温度被执行。这 f-IFA 成功地被使用了跟随 virion 入口(pp65 ) 和病毒的基因(IE1, UL44,和 pp65 ) 的表示以便追踪 HCMV 感染过程的细节。我们发现 0.5%感染 HCMV 的 T98G 房间形成了 multiple-micronuclei (IE1 并且原子核染色) 并且有由 f-IFA 的流的病毒(染色的 pp65 ) ,它不能被传统的 IFA 检测。我们的结果显示 f-IFA 是为调查病毒感染进步的细节的一个敏感、方便、快、划算的方法,特别 HCMV 感染。有更高的敏感和特性的更快、划算的特征暗示 f-IFA 在临床的诊断有潜在的应用。 | Yingliang Duan Lingfeng Miao Hanqing Ye Cuiqing Yangl Bishi Fu Philip H.Schwartz Simon Rayner Elizabeth A.Formnato Min-Hua Luo | 2012 | Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica2012，44，7： | 1 |
| 12 | Investigation of the genotype III to genotype I shift in Japanese encephalitis virus and the impact on human cases显示文摘Japanese encephalitis is a mosquito borne disease and is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in the Asia-Pacific area. The causative agent, Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV) can be phylogenetically classified into five genotypes based on nucleotide sequence. In recent years, genotype I(GI) has displaced genotype III(GIII) as the dominant lineage, but the mechanisms behind this displacement event requires elucidation. In an earlier study, we compared host variation over time between the two genotypes and observed that GI appears to have evolved to achieve more efficient infection in hosts in the replication cycle, with the tradeoff of reduced infectivity in secondary hosts such as humans. To further investigate this phenomenon, we collected JEV surveillance data on human cases and, together with sequence data, and generated genotype/case profiles from seven Asia-Pacific countries and regions to characterize the GI/GIII displacement event. We found that, when comprehensive and consistent vaccination and surveillance data was available, and the GIII to GI shift occurred within a well-defined time period, there was a statistically significant drop in JEV human cases. Our findings provide further support for the argument that GI is less effective in infecting humans, who represent a dead end host. However, experimental investigation is necessary to confirm this hypothesis. The study highlights the value of alternative approaches to investigation of epidemics, as well as the importance of effective data collection for disease surveillance and control. | Na Han James Adams Wei Fang Si-Qing Liu Simon Rayner | 2015 | Virologica Sinica2015，30，4： | 1 |
| 13 | Hyperleptinaemia in miceinduced by administration of the tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor alpha -methyl - p - tyrosine显示文摘 | Rayner DV Simon E Duncan JS | 1998 | FEBS Lett1998，429，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Rabies surveillance and control in China over the last twenty years显示文摘Globally,rabies remains a serious threat to public health.In particular,large number of cases continue to be detected in Africa and Asia.China has experienced three major outbreaks with the current epizootic starting in 1990s,peaking in 2007 with 3,300 cases,and consistently decreasing since this point.A key factor of the success in keeping the rabies outbreak under control is the National Public Health Reporting Program that was introduced to coordinate surveillance at provincial and regional levels.Through this program,it is possible to obtain an integrated overview of how rabies was spreading and how various factors were contributing to the outbreak.At the same time,samples have been collected from suspected rabies cases and a subset of positive samples selected for sequencing.In this way,it is possible to investigate the outbreak from a phylogenetic perspective,providing the comprehensive description of a rabies outbreak to date.In thiswork,we review rabies control efforts over the last 20 years,and showhowthis integrated approach has led to a deeper characterization of the outbreak and a better understanding of the factors driving the spread of the disease. | Xiaoyan Tao Siqing Liu Wuyang Zhu Simon Rayner | 2021 | Biosafety and Health2021，3，3： | 1 |
| 15 | 查看详情显示文摘 | Brouard M Lambert H M Rayner S P Simons J P | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 16 | Human cytomegalovirus DNA and immediate early protein 1/2 are highly associated with glioma and prognosis显示文摘Dear Editor,Gliomas are the most common brain tumors in adults which encompass all primary central nervous system(CNS)tumors of glial cell origin.The World Health Organization(WHO)classifies gliomas into four grades based on the histologic/prognostic features.Because of the unclear etiol-ogy and pathogenesis,therapeutic efficacy and prognosis is poor. | Le Wen Fei Zhao Yong Qiu Shuang Cheng Jin-Yan Sun Wei Fang Simon Rayner Michael A.McVoy Xing-Jun Jiang Qiyi Tang Fang-Cheng Li Fei Hu Min-Hua Luo | 2020 | Protein & Cell2020，11，7： | 0 |
| 17 | Use of Mutual Information Arrays to Predict Coevolving Sites in the Full Length HIV gp120 Protein for Subtypes B and C显示文摘It is well established that different sites within a protein evolve at different rates according to their role within the protein;identification of these correlated mutations can aid in tasks such as ab initio protein structure,structure function analysis or sequence alignment.Mutual Information is a standard measure for coevolution between two sites but its application is limited by signal to noise ratio.In this work we report a preliminary study to investigate whether larger sequence sets could circumvent this problem by calculating mutual information arrays for two sets of drug na ve sequences from the HIV gp120 protein for the B and C subtypes.Our results suggest that while the larger sequences sets can improve the signal to noise ratio,the gain is offset by the high mutation rate of the HIV virus which makes it more difficult to achieve consistent alignments.Nevertheless,we were able to predict a number of coevolving sites that were supported by previous experimental studies as well as a region close to the C terminal of the protein that was highly variable in the C subtype but highly conserved in the B subtype. | Anthony Rayner Simon Rayner | 2011 | Virologica Sinica2011，26，2： | 0 |
| 18 | The limited number of available nucleotide and protein sequence data from the recent H7N9 cases in China impeded investigation and characterization of the outbreak显示文摘Dear Editor,Nucleotide and protein sequences of isolates collectedfrom infected populations can be useful for determiningthe threats,such as host adaptation,which are associatedwith the emergence of new lineages.March 2013 saw thefirst reports of a new H7N9 lineage in Shanghai,Chinathat saw a gradual increase in the number of cases;but,by 17th May 2013,four Chinese provinces had | Haizhou Liu Na Han Wei Fang James Adams Kou Zheng Tianxian Li Zhihong Hu Simon Rayner | 2014 | Virologica Sinica2014，29，2： | 0 |
| 19 | Pathogenicity of Rabies Viruses Isolated in China: Two Fixed Strains and a Street Strain显示文摘Objective To investigate the virulence characteristics of two fixed strains (CTN and aG) and a street strain (HN10) of rabies viruses isolated in China. Methods ICR mice of different age groups were inoculated with CTN, aG and HN10 rabies virus strains via the intracracerebral (i.c.) or intramuscular (i.m.) routes, and observed for 20 days. Results The CTN strain was pathogenic to 7-day-old suckling mice that received i.c. inoculations and 3-day-old suckling mice that received i.m. inoculations. The aG strain was pathogenic to 4-week-old mice that received i.c. inoculations and 7-day-old suckling mice that received i.m. inoculations. The HN10 strain was pathogenic to mice of all age groups via both inoculation routes. In moribund mice, the viruses had spread to most regions of the brain. The CTN and HN10 strains had similar dissemination patterns in the brain; both viral antigens could be found in the dentate gyrus (DG), whereas few viral antigens were present in the DG from specimens that had been infected with the aG strain. Conclusion A comprehensive sequence analysis of the G protein suggested that differences in gene sequences may be responsible for producing strain-specific differences in pathogenicity and distribution in the brain. | HUANG Ying TANG Qing Simon RAYNER GONG Kai SONG Bo LIANG Guo Dong | 2013 | Biomedical and Environmental Sciences2013，26，7： | 0 |
| 20 | Correction to:Human cytomegalovirus DNA and immediate early protein 1/2 are highly associated with glioma and prognosis显示文摘In the original publication the email addresses of corresponding authors have not been displayed.The correct email addresses of corresponding authors are provided in this correction.Fang-Cheng Li(sjwklfc@126.com),Fei Hu(neuron111@163.com),Min-Hua Luo(luomh@wh.iov.cn). | Le Wen Fei Zhao Yong Qiu Shuang Cheng Jin-Yan Sun Wei Fang Simon Rayner Michael AMcVoy Xing-Jun Jiang Qiyi Tang Fang-Cheng Li Fei Hu Min-Hua Luo | 2021 | Protein & Cell2021，12，4： | 0 |
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