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| 1 | Apoptotic activity of caged xanthones from Garcinia hanburyi in cholangiocarcinoma cell lines显示文摘AIM:To investigate the growth inhibitory mechanism of four caged xanthones from Garcinia hanburyi in cholangiocarcinoma(CCA) KKU-100 and KKU-M156 cells.METHODS:Four caged xanthones,selected on the basis of their anticancer potency and chemical structure diversities(i.e.isomorellin,isomorellinol,forbesione and gambogic acid) were used in this study.Growth inhibition of these caged xanthones was determined using the sulforhodamine B assay.Induction of apoptosis was assessed by observing cell morphology,ethidium bromide and acridine orange staining and DNA fragmentation assay.Levels of apoptotic-related gene and protein expressions were determined by a real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analysis,respectively.RESULTS:The compounds were found to inhibit growth of both cell lines in a dose-dependent manner and also showed selective cytotoxicity against the cancer cells when compared with normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells.Growth suppression by these compounds was due to apoptosis,as evidenced by the cell morphological changes,chromatin condensation,nuclear fragmentation,and DNA ladder formation.At the molecular level,these compounds induced down-regulation of Bcl-2 and survivin proteins with up-regulation of Bax and apoptosisinducing factor proteins,leading to the activation of caspase-9 and-3 and DNA fragmentation.The functional group variations did not appear to affect the anticancer activity with regard to the two CCA cell lines;however,at a mechanistic level,isomorellinol exhibited the highest potency in increasing the Bax/Bcl-2 protein expression ratio(120 and 41.4 for KKU-100 and KKU-M156,respectively) and in decreasing survivin protein expression(0.01 fold as compared to control cells in both cell lines).Other activities at the molecular level indicate that functional groups on the prenyl side chain may be important.CONCLUSION:Our findings for the first time demonstrate that four caged xanthones induce apoptosis in CCA cells which is mediated through a mitochondriadependent signaling pathway. | Chariya Hahnvajanawong Wongwarut Boonyanugomol Tapanawan Nasomyon Watcharin Loilome Nisana Namwat Natthinee Anantachoke Wichittra Tassaneeyakul Banchob Sripa Wises Namwat Vichai Reutrakul | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，18： | 5 |
| 2 | Evaluation of anti-HSV-2 activities of Barleria lupulina and Clinacanthus nutans显示文摘 | C. Yoosook Y. Panpisutchai S. Chaichana T. Santisuk V. Reutrakul | 1999 | Journal of Ethnopharmacology1999，，2： | 1 |
| 3 | Constituents of Clinacanthus nutans and the crystal stucture of lup-20 (29)-ene-3-one显示文摘 | Dampawan P Huntrakul C Reutrakul V | 1997 | J Sci Soc Thailand1997，，3： | 1 |
| 4 | The Relationship Between Breakfast Skipping, Chronotype, and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes显示文摘 | Sirimon Reutrakul Megan M. Hood Stephanie J. Crowley Mary K. Morgan Marsha Teodori Kristen L. Knutson | 2014 | Chronobiology International2014，，1： | 1 |
| 5 | Cytotoxic and anti-HIV-1 constituents from leaves and twigs of Gardenia tubifera 显示文摘 | Reutrakul V Krachangchaeng C Tuchinda P | 2004 | Tetrahedron2004，60，7： | 1 |
| 6 | Novel cytotoxic 1 H -cyclopenta[ b ]benzofuran lignans from Aglaia elliptica显示文摘 | Baoliang Cui Heebyung Chai Thawatchai Santisuk Vichai Reutrakul Norman R. Farnsworth Geoffrey A. Cordell John M. Pezzuto A. Douglas Kinghorn | 1997 | Tetrahedron1997，，52： | 1 |
| 7 | Anti- inflammatory cyclohexenyl chalcone derivatives in Boesenbergia pandurata显示文摘 | Tuchinda P Reutrakul V Claeson P | 2002 | Phytochemistry2002，59，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Evaluation of the mutagenic, cytotoxic, and antitumor potential of triptolide, a highly oxygenated diterpene isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii显示文摘 | Lisa A. Shamon John M. Pezzuto Jewell M. Graves Rajeshwari R. Mehta Sirichai Wangcharoentrakul Ranee Sangsuwan Suttiporn Chaichana Patoomratana Tuchinda Per Cleason Vichai Reutrakul | 1997 | Cancer Letters1997，，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Search for abnormalities of nuclear eorepes- sots, coactivators, and a coregulator in fami- lies with resistance to thyroid hormone without mutations in thyroid hormone receptor beta or alpha genes显示文摘 | Reutrakul S Sadow PM Nagaya T | 2000 | J Clin Endocrinol Metab2000，85，10： | 1 |
| 10 | Constitu- ents of Clinacanthus nutans and the crystal structure of LUP-20(29)-ene-3-one显示文摘 | Dampawan P Huntrakul C Reutrakul V | 1977 | JSci Soc Thai1977，3，： | 1 |
| 11 | Some empirical aspects on the practical use of flash chromatography and medium pressure liquid chromatography for the isolation of biologically active compounds from plants显示文摘 | Claeson P Tuchinda P Reutrakul V | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 12 | Anti-HIV- 1 constituents from leaves and twigs of Cratoxylum arborescens 显示文摘 | Reutrakul V Chanakul W Pohmakotr M | 2006 | Planta Med2006，72，15： | 1 |
| 13 | A direct catalytic asymmetric Mannich-type reaction via a dinuclear zinc catalyst:Synthesis of either anti-or syn- α-hydroxy-β-amino ketones 显示文摘 | Trost B M Jaratjaroonphong J Reutrakul V | 2006 | J Am Chem Soc2006，128，： | 1 |
| 14 | Cytotoxic and anti-HIV-1 caged xanthones from the resin and fruits of Garcinia hanburyi 显示文摘 | Reutrakul V Anantachoke N Pohmakotr M | 2007 | Planta Med2007，73，： | 1 |
| 15 | Sleep disturbances andtheir relationship to glucose tolerance in pregnancy 显示文摘 | Reutrakul S Zaidi N Wroblewski K | 2011 | DiabetesCare2011，34，11： | 1 |
| 16 | Cytotoxic coumarins from Mammea harmandii 显示文摘 | Reutrakul V Leewanich P Tuchinda P | 2003 | Planta Med2003，69，11： | 1 |
| 17 | A direct catalytic asymmetric Mannich-type reaction via a dinuclear zinc catalyst:synthesis of either anti-or syn-a-hydroxy-b-amino ketones显示文摘 | Trost B M Jaratjaroonphong J Reutrakul V | 2006 | J Am Chem Soc2006，，128： | 1 |
| 18 | The anti-inflammatory effects and the inhibition of neutrophil responsiveness by Barleria lupulina and Clinacanthus nutans extracts显示文摘 | Payong Wanikiat Ampai Panthong Pacharawan Sujayanon Chalobon Yoosook Adriano G. Rossi Vichai Reutrakul | 2007 | Journal of Ethnopharmacology2007，，： | 1 |
| 19 | Search for abnormalities of nuclear corepressors, coactivators, and a coregulator in families with resistance to thyroid hormone without mutations in thyroid hormone receptor beta or alpha genes显示文摘 | Reutrakul S saow PM Pannin S | 2000 | J Clin Endocrinol Mctab2000，85，10： | 1 |
| 20 | Cytotoxic and anti-HIV-1 caged xanthones from the resin and fruits of Garcinia hanburyi 显示文摘 | Reutrakul V Amantachoke N Pohmakotr M | 2007 | Planta Med2007，73，1： | 1 |
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