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| 1 | Role of the gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis: What have we learnt in the past 10 years?显示文摘Our understanding of the microbial involvement in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) pathogenesis has increased exponentially over the past decade. The development of newer molecular tools for the global assessment of the gut microbiome and the identification of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 in 2001 and other susceptibility genes for Crohn's disease in particular has led to better understanding of the aetiopathogenesis of IBD. The microbial studies have elaborated the normal composition of the gut microbiome and its perturbations in the setting of IBD. This altered microbiome or 'dysbiosis' is a key player in the protracted course of inflammation in IBD. Numerous genome-wide association studies have identified further genes involved in gastrointestinal innate immunity(including polymorphisms in genes involved in autophagy: ATG16L1 and IGRM), which have helped elucidate the relationship of the local innate immunity with the adjacent luminal bacteria. These developments have also spurred the search for specific pathogens which may have a role in the metamorphosis of the gut microbiome from a symbiotic entity to a putative pathogenic one. Here we review advances in our understanding of microbial involvement in IBD pathogenesis over the past 10 years and offer insight into how this will shape our therapeutic management of the disease in the coming years. | Georgina L Hold Megan Smith Charlie Grange Euan Robert Watt Emad M El-Omar Indrani Mukhopadhya | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，5： | 21 |
| 2 | Phytochrome Signaling in Green Arabidopsis Seedlings: Impact Assessment of a Mutually Negative phyB-PIF Feedback Loop显示文摘reversibly 红的(R)/far-red (FR )-light-responsive phytochrome (phy ) photosensory 系统在第一暴露之上在发芽黑暗的幼苗开始 deetiolation 进程到光,和阴影回避过程在充分,在到 vegetational 的暴露之上的 deetiolated 幼苗遮。到驾驶这些回答的 transcriptional 网络的从激活光的光敏电阻器 conformer (Pfr ) 的细胞内部的发信号小径与 bHLH 抄写因素的一个小亚科包含 Pfr 的直接、物理相互作用,称为的交往 Phy 因素(程序信息文件) ,它导致快速的程序信息文件解朊的降级。另外,有在光成年的幼苗的进一步的复杂性的证据, phyBPIF 相互作用由此相互地导致 phyB 降级,在里面一互相否定,反馈环配置。这里,在光成年的幼苗估计这些对抗活动的相对贡献到网 phenotypic 读出,我们检验了 light-shade-induced 的大小和 pentuple phyBpif1pif3pif4pif5 (phyBpifq ) 的 simulated-shade-induced 回答变异、各种各样的多重 pif 变异的联合。数据( 1 )重申 phyB 是占优势不独占,响应延长连续 R 照耀在 deetiolating 幼苗强加胚轴延伸的抑制的光敏电阻器并且( 2 )出现 PIF 四重唱( PIF1 , PIF3 , PIF4 ,并且 PIF5 )保留并且施加一个双能力在这些条件下面调制胚轴延伸由附随地通过内在的transcriptional规章的活动支持房间延伸,并且通过 feedb 减少phyB禁止的能力在暴露阴影的幼苗, immunoblot 分析证明在 Pfr 层次的强加阴影的减小在许多 PIF3 导致增加,并且变异的分析显示 PIF3 行动,到,与 PIF4 和 PIF5 一起支持胚轴延伸的已知的导致阴影的加速。相反地,尽管四倍的 pifq 异种显示清楚地减少了胚轴延伸与相比响应延长色泽野类型, immunoblot 分析不在变异的幼苗在 phyB 层次检测举起与相比在导致阴影的生长时期的多数期间野类型,并且 phyB 层次要用体力地没越过比较的pif变异的联合与生长显型被相关。这些结果建议 phyB 丰富的程序信息文件反馈调整不在在这些下面的支持程序信息文件的、阴影应答的显型的大小调节的 modulating 起一个主导的作用。在成长在下面的幼苗日报 lightdark 周期,在黑暗经期(End-of-Day-FR (EOD-FR ) 治疗) 的开始的 Pfr 的 FR-pulse-induced 移动相对没有 EOD-FR 治疗导致更长的胚轴并且这效果在 pif 变异的联合被稀释的数据表演测试了。这结果同样显示 PIF 四重唱成员能够内在地在光成年的植物支持胚轴房间延伸,独立于 photoactivated-phyB 丰富的程序信息文件反馈调整的效果。 | Pablo Leivar Elena Monte Megan M. Cohn Peter H. Quail | 2012 | Molecular Plant2012，5，3： | 20 |
| 3 | Towards an Artificial Intelligence Framework for Data-Driven Prediction of Coronavirus Clinical Severity显示文摘The virus SARS-CoV2,which causes the Coronavirus disease COVID-19 has become a pandemic and has spread to every inhabited continent.Given the increasing caseload,there is an urgent need to augment clinical skills in order to identify from among the many mild cases the few that will progress to critical illness.We present a first step towards building an artificial intelligence(AI)framework,with predictive analytics(PA)capabilities applied to real patient data,to provide rapid clinical decision-making support.COVID-19 has presented a pressing need as a)clinicians are still developing clinical acumen given the disease’s novelty,and b)resource limitations in a rapidly expanding pandemic require difficult decisions relating to resource allocation.The objectives of this research are:(1)to algorithmically identify the combinations of clinical characteristics of COVID-19 that predict outcomes,and(2)to develop a tool with AI capabilities that will predict patients at risk for more severe illness on initial presentation.The predictive models learn from historical data to help predict specifically who will develop acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS),a severe outcome in COVID-19.Our experimental results based on two hospitals in Wenzhou,Zhejang,China identify features most predictive of ARDS in COVID-19 initial presentation which would not have stood out to clinicians.A mild increase in elevated alanine aminotransferase(ALT)(a liver enzyme)),a presence of myalgias(body aches),and an increase in hemoglobin,in this order,are the clinical features,on presentation,that are the most predictive.Those two centers’COVID-19 case series symptoms on initial presentation can help predict severe outcomes.Predictive models that learned from historical data of patients from two Chinese hospitals achieved 70%to 80%accuracy in predicting severe cases. | Xiangao Jiang Megan Coffee Anasse Bari Junzhang Wang Xinyue Jiang Jianping Huang Jichan Shi Jianyi Dai Jing Cai Tianxiao Zhang Zhengxing Wu Guiqing He Yitong Huang | 2020 | Computers, Materials & Continua2020，，4： | 15 |
| 4 | The immune modifying effects of amino acids on gut-associated lymphoid tissue显示文摘The intestine and the gut-associated lymphoid tissue(GALT) are essential components of whole body immune defense,protecting the body from foreign antigens and pathogens,while allowing tolerance to commensal bacteria and dietary antigens.The requirement for protein to support the immune system is well established.Less is known regarding the immune modifying properties of individual amino acids,particularly on the GALT.Both oral and parenteral feeding studies have established convincing evidence that not only the total protein intake,but the availability of specific dietary amino acids(in particular glutamine,glutamate,and arginine,and perhaps methionine,cysteine and threonine) are essential to optimizing the immune functions of the intestine and the proximal resident immune cells.These amino acids each have unique properties that include,maintaining the integrity,growth and function of the intestine,as well as normalizing inflammatory cytokine secretion and improving T-lymphocyte numbers,specific T cell functions,and the secretion of IgA by lamina propria cells.Our understanding of this area has come from studies that have supplemented single amino acids to a mixed protein diet and measuring the effect on specific immune parameters.Future studies should be designed using amino acid mixtures that target a number of specific functions of GALT in order to optimize immune function in domestic animals and humans during critical periods of development and various disease states. | Megan R Ruth Catherine J Field | 2013 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2013，4，3： | 11 |
| 5 | Clarifying sub-genomic positions of QTLs for flowering habit and fruit quality in U.S. strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa) breeding populations using pedigree-based QTL analysis显示文摘The cultivated strawberry(Fragaria×ananassa)is consumed worldwide for its flavor and nutritional benefits.Genetic analysis of commercially important traits in strawberry are important for the development of breeding methods and tools for this species.Although several quantitative trait loci(QTL)have been previously detected for fruit quality and flowering traits using low-density genetic maps,clarity on the sub-genomic locations of these QTLs was missing.Recent discoveries in allo-octoploid strawberry genomics led to the development of the IStraw90 single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)array,enabling high-density genetic maps and finer resolution QTL analysis.In this study,breeder-specified traits were evaluated in the Eastern(Michigan)and Western(Oregon)United States for a common set of breeding populations during 2 years.Several QTLs were validated for soluble solids content(SSC),fruit weight(FWT),pH and titratable acidity(TA)using a pedigree-based QTL analysis approach.For fruit quality,a QTL for SSC on linkage group(LG)6A,a QTL for FWT on LG 2BII,a QTL for pH on LG 4CII and two QTLs for TA on LGs 2A and 5B were detected.In addition,a large-effect QTL for flowering was detected at the distal end of LG 4A,coinciding with the FaPFRU locus.Marker haplotype analysis in the FaPFRU region indicated that the homozygous recessive genotype was highly predictive of seasonal flowering.SNP probes in the FaPFRU region may help facilitate marker-assisted selection for this trait. | Sujeet Verma Jason D Zurn Natalia Salinas Megan M Mathey Beatrice Denoyes James F Hancock Chad E Finn Nahla V Bassil Vance M Whitaker | 2017 | Horticulture Research2017，4，1： | 10 |
| 6 | Influences of trans-trans farnesol,a membrane-targeting sesquiterpenoid,on Streptococcus mutans physiology and survival within mixed-species oral biofilms显示文摘Trans-trans farnesol (tt-farnesol) is a bioactive sesquiterpene alcohol commonly found in propolis (a beehive product) and citrus fruits, which disrupts the ability of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) to form virulent biofilms. In this study, we investigated whether tt-farnesol affects cell-membrane function, acid production and/or acid tolerance by planktonic cells and biofilms of S. mutans UA159. Furthermore, the influence of the agent on S. mutans gene expression and ability to form biofilms in the presence of other oral bacteria (Streptococcus oralis (S. oralis) 35037 and Actinomyces naeslundii (A. naeslundii) 12104) was also examined. In general, tt-farnesol (1 mmol·L-1) significantly increased the membrane proton permeability and reduced glycolytic activity of S. mutans in the planktonic state and in biofilms (P<0.05). Moreover, topical applications of 1 mmol·L-1 tt-farnesol twice daily (1 min exposure/treatment) reduced biomass accumulation and prevented ecological shifts towards S. mutans dominance within mixed-species biofilms after introduction of 1% sucrose. S. oralis (a non-cariogenic organism) became the major species after treatments with tt-farnesol, whereas vehicle-treated biofilms contained mostly S. mutans (>90% of total bacterial population). However, the agent did not affect significantly the expression of S. mutans genes involved in acidogenicity, acid tolerance or polysaccharide synthesis in the treated biofilms. Our data indicate that tt-farnesol may affect the competitiveness of S. mutans in a mixed-species environment by primarily disrupting the membrane function and physiology of this bacterium. This naturally occurring terpenoid could be a potentially useful adjunctive agent to the current anti-biofilm/anti-caries chemotherapeutic strategies. | Jae-Gyu Jeon Santosh Pandit Jin Xiao Stacy Gregoire Megan L. Falsetta Marlise I. Klein Hyun Koo | 2011 | International Journal of Oral Science2011，3，2： | 10 |
| 7 | 美国2014年农业法案对美国土地休耕保护储备计划的影响显示文摘美国土地休耕保护储备计划(CRP)自开展以来,为减少水土流失、改善水质以及促进野生动物栖息地发展做出了重要贡献。美国2014年农业法案再次授权实施CRP,同时提出调减登记总额,放宽对一些耕牧行为的许可,废除了草原储备计划(GRP),还允许CRP参与者有机会提前终止他们的合约。这些政策调整,将使CRP登记量显著降低,相继会导致环境效益的下降,美国国会面临着持续挑战。 | Megan Stubb 杨恺(摘译) | 2017 | 世界农业2017，，2： | 9 |
| 8 | 身体成分研究的10大问题显示文摘理解身体成分对于理解人体健康、疾病和功能至关重要。身体成分的研究集中在评估方法的改进、对随着生长发育和老龄化身体成分正常变化的描述以及由于疾病和计划性干预带来的身体成分的变化。每个关注点都很重要,从某种意义上来说,它们是相互依赖的。因为技术的进步使得更多复杂的问题被解决,反过来也推动研究方法的更好发展。尽管基础性的问题仍然存在,但每个领域里都有了明显进步。例如:生长发育的轨迹往往用横断面数据进行评估,考虑到也需要长期观察性资料,因此,也需要纵向描述性数据。随着实验室方法的改进,场地测试方法的发展对于筛选受试者和临床实践仍然具有重要意义。尽管已经认识到了干预应答存在广泛个体差异,但结果的均值仍然受到重视。随着技术的进步,可以研究引起身体成分变化的遗传和非遗传因素,但这些技术需要先应用于长期、控制严格的试验。在本文中,我们提出了该领域需要进行研究的10大问题,以推动该领域的发展。 | Scott Going Vinson Lee Rob Blew Deepika Laddu Megan Hetherington-Rauth | 2015 | 北京体育大学学报2015，38，9： | 9 |
| 9 | Differences in neuroplasticity after spinal cord injury in varying animal models and humans显示文摘Rats have been the primary model to study the process and underlying mechanisms of recovery after spinal cord injury. Two weeks after a severe spinal cord contusion, rats can regain weight-bearing abilities without therapeutic interventions, as assessed by the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan locomotor scale. However, many human patients suffer from permanent loss of motor function following spinal cord injury. While rats are the most understood animal model, major differences in sensorimotor pathways between quadrupeds and bipeds need to be considered. Understanding the major differences between the sensorimotor pathways of rats, non-human primates, and humans is a start to improving targets for treatments of human spinal cord injury. This review will discuss the neuroplasticity of the brain and spinal cord after spinal cord injury in rats, non-human primates, and humans. A brief overview of emerging interventions to induce plasticity in humans with spinal cord injury will also be discussed. | Mallory E.Filipp Benjamin J.Travis Stefanie S.Henry Emma C.Idzikowski Sarah A.Magnuson Megan YF Loh Daniel J.Hellenbrand Amgad S.Hanna | 2019 | Neural Regeneration Research2019，14，1： | 8 |
| 10 | High fat diet dysregulates microRNA-17-5p and triggers retinal inflammation:Role of endoplasmic-reticulum-stress显示文摘AIM To elucidate how high diet-induced endoplasmic reticulum-stress upregulates thioredoxin interacting protein expression in Müller cells leading to retinal inflammation. METHODS Male C57Bl/J mice were fed either normal diet or 60% high fat diet for 4-8 wk. During the 4 wk study, mice received phenyl-butyric acid(PBA); endoplasmic reticulum-stress inhibitor; for 2 wk. Insulin resistance was assessed by oral glucose tolerance. Effects of palmitate-bovine serum albumin(BSA)(400 μmol/L) were examined in retinal Müller glial cell line and primary Müller cells isolated from wild type and thioredoxin interacting protein knock-out mice. Expression of thioredoxin interacting protein, endoplasmic reticulum-stress markers, mi R-17-5p m RNA, as well as nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein(NLRP3) and IL1β protein was determined.RESULTS High fat diet for 8 wk induced obesity and insulin resistance evident by increases in body weight and impaired glucose tolerance. By performing quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, we found that high fat diet triggered the expression of retinal endoplasmic reticulum-stress markers(P < 0.05). These effects were associated with increased thioredoxin interacting protein and decreased mi R-17-5p expression, whichwere restored by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulumstress with PBA(P < 0.05). In vitro, palmitate-BSA triggered endoplasmic reticulum-stress markers, which was accompanied with reduced mi R-17-5p and induced thioredoxin interacting protein m RNA in retinal Müller glial cell line(P < 0.05). Palmitate upregulated NLRP3 and IL1β expression in primary Müller cells isolated from wild type. However, using primary Müller cells isolated from thioredoxin interacting protein knock-out mice abolished palmitate-mediated increase in NLRP3 and IL1β.CONCLUSION Our work suggests that targeting endoplasmic reticulumstress or thioredoxin interacting protein are potential therapeutic strategies for early intervention of obesityinduced retinal inflammation. | Maha Coucha Islam N Mohamed Sally L Elshaer Osinakachuk Mbata Megan L Bartasis Azza B El-Remessy | 2017 | World Journal of Diabetes2017，8，2： | 8 |
| 11 | Interleukin-7 Receptor Signaling Network:An Integrated Systems Perspective显示文摘Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is an essential cytokine for the development and homeostatic maintenance of T and B lymphocytes. Binding of IL-7 to its cognate receptor,the IL-7 receptor (IL-7R),activates multiple pathways that regulate lymphocyte survival,glucose uptake,proliferation and differentiation. There has been much interest in understanding how IL-7 receptor signaling is modulated at multiple interconnected network levels. This review examines how the strength of the signal through the IL-7 receptor is modulated in T and B cells,including the use of shared receptor components,signaling crosstalk,shared interaction domains,feedback loops,integrated gene regulation,multimerization and ligand competition. We discuss how these network control mechanisms could integrate to govern the properties of IL-7R signaling in lymphocytes in health and disease. Analysis of IL-7 receptor signaling at a network level in a systematic manner will allow for a comprehensive approach to understanding the impact of multiple signaling pathways on lymphocyte biology. | Megan J. Palmer Vinay S. Mahajan Lily C. Trajman Darrell J. Irvine Douglas A.Lauffenburger Jianzhu Chen | 2008 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2008，5，2： | 8 |
| 12 | 863 genomes reveal the origin and domestication of chicken显示文摘Despite the substantial role that chickens have played in human societies across the world,both the geographic and temporal origins of their domestication remain controversial.To address this issue,we analyzed 863 genomes from a worldwide sampling of chickens and representatives of all four species of wild jungle fowl and each of the five subspecies of red jungle fowl(RJF).Our study suggests that domestic chickens were initially derived from the RJF subspecies Gallus gallus spadiceus whose present-day distribution is predominantly in southwestern China,northern Thailand and Myanmar.Following their domestication,chickens were translocated across Southeast and South Asia where they interbred locally with both RJF subspecies and other jungle fowl species.In addition,our results show that the White Leghorn chicken breed possesses a mosaic of divergent ancestries inherited from other subspecies of RJF.Despite the strong episodic gene flow from geographically divergent lineages of jungle fowls,our analyses show that domestic chickens undergo genetic adaptations that underlie their unique behavioral,morphological and reproductive traits.Our study provides novel insights into the evolutionary history of domestic chickens and a valuable resource to facilitate ongoing genetic and functional investigations of the world's most numerous domestic animal. | Ming-Shan Wang Mukesh Thakur Min-Sheng Peng Yu Jiang Laurent Alain Francois Frantz Ming Li Jin-Jin Zhang Sheng Wang Joris Peters Newton Otieno Otecko Chatmongkon Suwannapoom Xing Guo Zhu-Qing Zheng Ali Esmailizadeh Nalini Yasoda Hirimuthugoda Hidayat Ashari Sri Suladari Moch Syamsul Arifin Zein Szilvia Kusza Saeed Sohrabi Hamed Kharrati-Koopaee Quan-Kuan Shen Lin Zeng Min-Min Yang Ya-Jiang Wu Xing-Yan Yang Xue-Mei Lu Xin-Zheng Jia Qing-Hua Nie Susan Joy Lamont Emiliano Lasagna Simone Ceccobelli Humpita Gamaralalage Thilini Nisanka Gunwardana Thilina Madusanka Senasige Shao-Hong Feng Jing-Fang Si Hao Zhang Jie-Qiong Jin Ming-Li Li Yan-Hu Liu Hong-Man Chen Cheng Ma Shan-Shan Dai Abul Kashem Fazlul Haque Bhuiyan Muhammad Sajjad Khan Gamamada Liyanage Lalanie Pradeepa Silva Thi-Thuy Le Okeyo Ally Mwai Mohamed Nawaz Mohamed Ibrahim Megan Supple Beth Shapiro Olivier Hanotte Guojie Zhang Greger Larson Jian-Lin Han Dong-Dong Wu Ya-Ping Zhang | 2020 | Cell Research2020，30，8： | 7 |
| 13 | Primary Hyperparathyroidism:A Tale of Two Cities Revisited-New York and Shanghai显示文摘In the 1970s,with the advent of biochemical multichannel screening in the United States and other western countries,the clinical presentation of primary hyperparathyroidism(PHPT) changed from a symptomatic to an asymptomatic disorder.However,in Asian countries,like China,PHPT did not show this evolution,but rather continued to be a symptomatic disease with target organ involvement.In this paper,we revisit the clinical features of PHPT in New York and Shanghai,representative United States and Chinese cites,over the past decade.The questions we address are whether the disease evolved in China to a more asymptomatic one and,whether in the United States further changes are evident.The results indicate that while PHPT con-tinues to present primarily as an asymptomatic disease in the United States,a new phenotype characterized by normal serum calcium and high parathyroid hormone levels,normocalcemic PHPT,has emerged.Data from Shanghai demonstrates a trend for PHPT to present more commonly as an asymptomatic disorder in China.However,most patients with PHPT in China still manifest classical symptoms,i.e.nephrolithiasis and fractures.A comparison of the two cohorts shows that Chinese patients with PHPT are younger,with higher serum calcium and PTH levels,and lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels than patients in New York.Normocalcemic PHPT has not yet been recognized in Shanghai.In summary,although the phenotypes of PHPT in both cities are evolving towards less evident disease,sharp clinical and biochemical differences are still apparent in PHPT as expressed in China and the United States. | Jian-min Liu Natalie E. Cusano Barbara C. Silva Lin Zhao Xiao-yan He Bei Tao Li-hao Sun Hong-yan Zhao Wen-wei Fan Megan E. Romano Guang Ning John P. Bilezikian | 2013 | Bone Research2013，1，2： | 6 |
| 14 | Adult myelination: wrapping up neuronal plasticity显示文摘In this review, we outline the major neural plasticity mechanisms that have been identified in the adult central nervous system(CNS), and offer a perspective on how they regulate CNS function. In particular we examine how myelin plasticity can operate alongside neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity to influence information processing and transfer in the mature CNS. | Megan O’Rourke Robert Gasperini Kaylene M.Young | 2014 | Neural Regeneration Research2014，9，13： | 6 |
| 15 | A data-driven approach to modeling high-density terminal areas:A scenario analysis of the new Beijing,China airspace显示文摘Airports are being developed and expanded rapidly in China to accommodate and promote a growing aviation market.The future Beijing Daxing International Airport(DAX) will serve as the central airport of the JingJinJi megaregion,knitting the Beijing,Tianjin,and Hebei regions together.DAX will be a busy airport from its inception,relieving congestion and accommodating growth from Beijing Capital International Airport(PEK),currently the second busiest airport in the world in passengers moved.We aim to model terminal airspace designs and possible conflicts in the future Beijing Multi-Airport System(MAS).We investigate standard arrival procedures and mathematically model current and future arrival trajectories into PEK and DAX by collecting large quantities of publicly available track data from historical arrivals operating within the Beijing terminal airspace.We find that(1) trajectory models constructed from real data capture aberrations and deviations from standard arrival procedures,validating the need to incorporate data on historical trajectories with standard procedures when evaluating the airspace and(2) given all existing constraints,DAX may be restricted to using north and east arrival flows,constraining the capacity required to handle the increases in air traffic demand to Beijing.The results indicate that the terminal airspace above Beijing,and the future JingJinJi region,requires careful consideration if the full capacity benefits of the two major airports are to be realized. | Max Z.Li Megan S.Ryerson | 2017 | Chinese Journal of Aeronautics2017，30，2： | 6 |
| 16 | Perioperative management of the patient with rheumatoid arthritis显示文摘A multidisciplinary approach is required to care for patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA)in the perioperative period.In preparation for surgery,patients must have a cardiovascular risk assessment performed due to the high risk of heart disease in patients with RA.Treatment of RA is with immunomodulatory medications,which present unique challenges for the perioperative period.Currently,there is no consensus on how to manage disease modifying antirheumatic drug(DMARD)therapy in the perioperative setting.Much of the data to guide therapy is based on retrospective cohort data.Choices regarding DMARDs require an individualized approach with collaboration between surgeons and rheumatologists.Consensus regarding biologic therapy is to hold the therapy in the perioperative period with the length of time dictated by the half-life of the medication.Special attention is required at the time of surgery for potential need for stress dose steroids.Further,there must be close communication with anesthesiologists in terms of airway management particularly in light of the risk for cervical spine disease.There are no consensus guidelines regarding the requirement for cervical spine radiographs prior to surgery.However,history and exam alone cannot be relied upon toidentify cervical spine disease.Patients with RA who undergo joint replacement arthroplasty are at higher risk for infection and dislocation compared to patients with osteoarthritis,necessitating particular vigilance in postoperative follow up.This review summarizes available evidence regarding perioperative management of patients with RA. | Megan L Krause Eric L Matteson | 2014 | World Journal of Orthopedics2014，5，3： | 6 |
| 17 | Identifying specific receptors for cargo-mediated autophagy显示文摘Macroautophagy 在众多的疾病被含有,然而,我们为由 autophagy 的特定的货物的周转负责的蛋白质的理解被限制。在在自然出版的一篇最近的论文, Mancias 等。使用量的 proteomics 识别充实 autophagosome 的蛋白质的一个队,哪个之一,(NCOA4 ) 原子受体激活剂 4 被显示为 ferritin 的选择交货被要求到 lysosome,由 ferritin 的 autophagic 周转的最终调整的细胞内部的铁,或 ferritinophagy。 | Megan Goodall Andrew Thorburn | 2014 | Cell Research2014，24，7： | 6 |
| 18 | Engineering nanomedicines through boosting immunogenic cell death for improved cancer immunotherapy显示文摘Current cancer immunotherapy has limited response rates in a large variety of solid tumors partly due to the low immunogenicity of the tumor cells and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment(ITM).A number of clinical cancer treatment modalities,including radiotherapy,chemotherapy,photothermal and photodynamic therapy,have been shown to elicit immunogenicity by inducing immunogenic cell death(ICD).However,ICD-based immunotherapy is restricted by the ITM limiting its efficacy in eliciting a long-term antitumor immune response,and by severe systemic toxicity.To address these challenges,nanomedicine-based drug delivery strategies have been exploited for improving cancer immunotherapy by boosting ICD of the tumor cells.Nanosized drug delivery systems are promising for increasing drug accumulation at the tumor site and codelivering ICD inducers and immune inhibitors to simultaneously elicit the immune response and relieve the ITM.This review highlights the recent advances in nanomedicine-based immunotherapy utilizing ICD-based approaches.A perspective on the clinical translation of nanomedicine-based cancer immunotherapy is also provided. | Jing Gao Wei-qi Wang Qing Pei Megan SLord Hai-jun Yu | 2020 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2020，41，7： | 6 |
| 19 | Artificial intelligence in gastroenterology: A state-of-the-art review显示文摘The development of artificial intelligence(AI)has increased dramatically in the last 20 years,with clinical applications progressively being explored for most of the medical specialties.The field of gastroenterology and hepatology,substantially reliant on vast amounts of imaging studies,is not an exception.The clinical applications of AI systems in this field include the identification of premalignant or malignant lesions(e.g.,identification of dysplasia or esophageal adenocarcinoma in Barrett’s esophagus,pancreatic malignancies),detection of lesions(e.g.,polyp identification and classification,small-bowel bleeding lesion on capsule endoscopy,pancreatic cystic lesions),development of objective scoring systems for risk stratification,predicting disease prognosis or treatment response[e.g.,determining survival in patients post-resection of hepatocellular carcinoma),determining which patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)will benefit from biologic therapy],or evaluation of metrics such as bowel preparation score or quality of endoscopic examination.The objective of this comprehensive review is to analyze the available AI-related studies pertaining to the entirety of the gastrointestinal tract,including the upper,middle and lower tracts;IBD;the hepatobiliary system;and the pancreas,discussing the findings and clinical applications,as well as outlining the current limitations and future directions in this field. | Paul T Kröner Megan ML Engels Benjamin S Glicksberg Kipp W Johnson Obaie Mzaik Jeanin E van Hooft Michael B Wallace Hashem B El-Serag Chayakrit Krittanawong | 2021 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2021，27，40： | 6 |
| 20 | Pre-hospital assessment with ultrasound in emergencies: implementation in the field显示文摘BACKGROUND: Point-of-care ultrasound(US) is a proven diagnostic imaging tool in the emergency department(ED). Modern US devices are now more compact, affordable and portable, which has led to increased usage in austere environments. However, studies supporting the use of US in the prehospital setting are limited. The primary outcome of this pilot study was to determine if paramedics could perform cardiac ultrasound in the fi eld and obtain images that were adequate for interpretation. A secondary outcome was whether paramedics could correctly identify cardiac activity or the lack thereof in cardiac arrest patients.METHODS: We performed a prospective educational study using a convenience sample of professional paramedics without ultrasound experience. Eligible paramedics participated in a 3-hour session on point-of-care US. The paramedics then used US during emergency calls and saved the scans for possible cardiac complaints including: chest pain, dyspnea, loss of consciousness, trauma, or cardiac arrest.RESULTS: Four paramedics from two distinct fire stations enrolled a total of 19 unique patients, of whom 17 were deemed adequate for clinical decision making(89%, 95%CI 67%–99%). Paramedics accurately recorded 17 cases of cardiac activity(100%, 95%CI 84%–100%) and 2 cases of cardiac standstill(100%, 95%CI 22%–100%).CONCLUSION: Our pilot study suggests that with minimal training, paramedics can use US to obtain cardiac images that are adequate for interpretation and diagnose cardiac standstill. Further large-scale clinical trials are needed to determine if prehospital US can be used to guide care for patients with cardiac complaints. | Kevin P. Rooney Sari Lahham Shadi Lahham Craig L. Anderson Bryan Bledsoe Bryan Sloane Linda Joseph Megan B. Osborn John C. Fox | 2016 | World Journal of Emergency Medicine2016，7，2： | 5 |
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