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| 1 | 关于中国土壤碳库及固碳潜力研究的若干问题显示文摘土壤碳库研究及碳汇问题是近年来土壤碳循环与全球变化研究的热点领域.本文回顾了中国土壤碳库估算的研究成果,分析了我国土壤碳库在气候变化下的演变态势,并探讨了土壤有机碳矿化与温室气体的释放问题.整合已有的研究资料,可以认为中国土壤总有机碳库接近90Pg,无机碳库约为60Pg,农田土壤已有的固碳速率在20~25Tg/a水平.农田土壤固碳的理论容量可以达到2.0Pg水平,但农业技术的实施能够实现的技术潜力可能仅为理论潜力的1/3左右.因此,改善土壤管理和农田经营机制可能是提高土壤固碳技术潜力的关键.土壤固碳中有机碳积累并不表现出分解的敏感性,固碳显得有利于提高农田生产力和改善生态系统功能,一些农田综合温室气体排放的生命周期评价的案例研究反而显示有机质积累下农业生产的碳排放强度没有提高甚而降低.未来中国土壤碳库研究的重点发展方向在于:(1)以流域为尺度和地球表层系统为对象的系统固碳与碳汇研究;(2)生态系统土壤碳固定与稳定机制,特别是土壤固碳与生产力和生态服务功能的协同机理和多界面过程.中国土壤碳科学将面临多学科集成和多目标服务的新发展机遇. | 郑聚锋 程琨 潘根兴 SMITH Pete 李恋卿 张旭辉 郑金伟 韩晓君 杜彦玲 | 2011 | 科学通报2011，56，26： | 52 |
| 2 | Perspectives on studies on soil carbon stocks and the carbon sequestration potential of China显示文摘Soil carbon stocks and sequestration have been given a lot of attention recently in the study of terrestrial ecosystems and global climate change.This review focuses on the progress made on the estimation of the soil carbon stocks of China,and the characterization of carbon dynamics of croplands with regard to climate change,and addresses issues on the mineralization of soil organic carbon in relation to greenhouse gas emissions.By integrating existing research data,China's total soil organic carbon(SOC) stock is estimated to be 90 Pg and its inorganic carbon(SIC) stock as 60 Pg,with SOC sequestration rates in the range of 20-25 Tg/a for the last two decades.An estimation of the biophysical potential of SOC sequestration has been generally agreed as being 2 Pg over the long term,of which only 1/3 could be attainable using contemporary agricultural technologies in all of China's croplands.Thus,it is critical to enhance SOC sequestration and mitigate climate change to improve agricultural and land use management in China.There have been many instances where SOC accumulation may not induce an increased amount of decomposition under a warming scenario but instead favor improved cropland productivity and ecosystem functioning.Furthermore,unchanged or even decreased net global warming potential(GWP) from croplands with enhanced SOC has been reported by a number of case studies using life cycle analysis.Future studies on soil carbon stocks and the sequestration potential of China are expected to focus on:(1) Carbon stocks and the sequestration capacity of the earths' surface systems at scales ranging from the plot to the watershed and(2) multiple interface processes and the synergies between carbon sequestration and ecosystem productivity and ecosystem functioning at scales from the molecular level to agro-ecosystems.Soil carbon science in China faces new challenges and opportunities to undertake integrated research applicable to many areas. | ZHENG JuFeng CHENG Kun PAN GenXing Pete SMITH LI LianQing ZHANG XuHui ZHENG JinWei HAN XiaoJun DU YanLing | 2011 | Chinese Science Bulletin2011，56，35： | 24 |
| 3 | 采用大气压电喷雾(API-ESI)质谱和液体样品直接大体积进样技术检测饮用水和地下水中的苯基脲类和三嗪类除草剂显示文摘 | Neil Cullum Pete Stone | 2005 | 环境化学2005，24，2： | 9 |
| 4 | 2008年中国烟盒包装健康警示效果评估显示文摘目的评估中国居民对中国烟盒健康警示以及国外图形及文字方式健康警示有效性的感知。方法在北京、上海、昆明、银川4个城市共调查1169人,包括成年吸烟者、非吸烟者以及青少年,男女各半。以中华牌烟盒为背景,制作了10种不同的健康警示,包括我国大陆地区文字警示新版和旧版共2种,译成中文的国外图文警示共4种,以及以这4种图文警示为基础删除图形后的国外文字警示4种。调查对象对10种健康警示进行评分和排序。结果在促使吸烟者戒烟及阻止青少年吸烟方面,图文警示有效性评分最高,国外文字警示次之,中国文字警示旧版有效性评分最低。排序结果与评分结果基本一致,均表现为图文警示优于国外文字警示,优于中国文字警示。在不同研究对象组、城市、性别的分析中,结果一致。结论中国新烟盒健康警示与旧的警示相比,效果提高非常有限。中国应切实履行《烟草控制框架公约》第11条实施准则的要求,使用图形加文字方式的健康警示,向公众有效传播吸烟的健康危害知识。 | 姜垣 Geoffrey T.Fong 李强 David Hammond Anne C.K.Quah 杨焱 Pete Driezen Mi Yan | 2009 | 中国健康教育2009，25，6： | 6 |
| 5 | Mixed-effects modeling for tree height prediction models of Oriental beech in the Hyrcanian forests显示文摘Height–diameter relationships are essential elements of forest assessment and modeling efforts.In this work,two linear and eighteen nonlinear height–diameter equations were evaluated to find a local model for Oriental beech(Fagus orientalis Lipsky) in the Hyrcanian Forest in Iran.The predictive performance of these models was first assessed by different evaluation criteria: adjusted R^2(R^2_(adj)),root mean square error(RMSE),relative RMSE(%RMSE),bias,and relative bias(%bias) criteria.The best model was selected for use as the base mixed-effects model.Random parameters for test plots were estimated with different tree selection options.Results show that the Chapman–Richards model had better predictive ability in terms of adj R^2(0.81),RMSE(3.7 m),%RMSE(12.9),bias(0.8),%Bias(2.79) than the other models.Furthermore,the calibration response,based on a selection of four trees from the sample plots,resulted in a reduction percentage for bias and RMSE of about 1.6–2.7%.Our results indicate that the calibrated model produced the most accurate results. | Siavash Kalbi Asghar Fallah Pete Bettinger Shaban Shataee Rassoul Yousefpour | 2018 | Journal of Forestry Research2018，29，5： | 6 |
| 6 | Transperineal prostate biopsies for diagnosis of prostate cancer are well tolerated: a prospective study using patient-reported outcome measures显示文摘我们试图在有一般麻药 transperineal (TP ) 的男人决定短期的报导病人的结果前列腺活体检视。未来的队研究在有诊断 TP 活体检视的男人被执行。这用立即活体检视以后的一张验证并且适应的问询表并且在后续被做在越过三个第三级的工作分派的 7 和 14 天之间,有回答的医院 51.6% 评价。立即,在活体检视以后,人的 43/201 (21.4%) 感觉到头昏眼花, syncopal,或承受中略。百分之 53 个人在活体检视以后感到了不快(与 95% 得分 < 5 在 0-10 规模) 。12 在过程以后立即从 196 个人(6.1%) 感到了疼痛。尽管有症状的高发生(例如直到 75% 有的一些血尿症, 47% 得了一些疼痛) ,它不是为大多数的一个中等或严重的问题,除了 31 个人承受了的 hemoejaculate。十一个人需要 catheterization (5.5%) 。由于复杂并发症没有住院病人录取(血尿症,败血) 。在重复在一个以后的时间点询问以后,仅仅人的 25/199 (12.6%) 说尽管有重要、显著的减小,重复活体检视将是一个重要问题。从这研究,我们断定那 TP 活体检视很好与类似的副作用侧面和人的态度被容忍重复活体检视到有 TRUS 活体检视的人。这些数据给予与局部麻醉 TP 活体检视为 tolerability 在 TP 活体检视和一个基准以前人建议通知为临床的使用正在被开发。 | Karan Wadhwa Lina Carmona-Echeveria Timur Kuru Gabriele Gaziev Eva Serrao Deepak Parasha Julia Frey Ivailo Dimov Jonas Seidenader Pete Acher Gordon Muir Andrew Doble Vincent Gnanapragasam Boris Hadaschik Christof Kastner | 2017 | Asian Journal of Andrology2017，19，1： | 5 |
| 7 | Analysis of temporal changes in land cover and landscape metrics of a managed forest in the west Black Sea region of northern Turkey: 1970–2010显示文摘Forest structure changes continuously by natural and anthropogenic effects. Because the level of goods and services provided by forest ecosystems are related to this structure, some attributes have to be controlled while they are being managed. In this paper we describe the long-term temporal changes in land area and landscape metrics related to different land uses of a managed forest in Turkey. The study was carried out for the Daday Forest Planning Unit located in the west Black Sea region of northern Turkey. The total area is 16,813 ha and besides wood production, it is managed for erosion control, public health, aesthetics, and recreation. Stand type maps that were constructed in 1970,1989, 1999, and 2010 were used in this analysis. Transition matrixes that illustrate area changes among cover types and temporal changes on some landscape metrics were obtained using Geographic Information Systems. Stands were separated into small patches, and thus the number of patches increased nearly two-fold between 1970 and 2010. The total forest edge increased and through the associated fragmentation, the amount of core forest area decreased at the landscape scale. Landscape metrics were applied to digitized versions of historical maps to assess how forest area changed. Human use of the land has changed, forest management practices have evolved, and these along with natural forest growth have contributed to interesting changes in landscape character. | Hayati Zengin Ahmet Salih Degermenci Pete Bettinger | 2018 | Journal of Forestry Research2018，29，1： | 5 |
| 8 | Natural Climate Solutions for China:The Last Mile to Carbon Neutrality显示文摘“I call on all leaders worldwide to declare a State of Climate Emergency in their own countries until carbon neutrality is reached.”–António GUTERRES(United Nations Secretary General),12 December,2020 There is no shortcut to a carbon neutral society;solutions are urgently required from both energy&industrial sectors and global ecosystems.While the former is often held accountable and emphasized in terms of its emissions reduction capability,the latter(recently termed natural climate solutions)should also be assessed for potential and limitations by the scientific community,the public,and policy makers. | Zhangcai QIN Xi DENG Bronson GRISCOM Yao HUANG Tingting LI Pete SMITH Wenping YUAN Wen ZHANG | 2021 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2021，38，6： | 5 |
| 9 | 花岗质岩浆和矿化之间的关系:重要概念和关键特征显示文摘最近对与花岗岩相关的锂、稀土金属和贱金属(例如Cu和Mo)矿产需求重新激发了人们对其成矿作用研究的兴趣。本文综述了不同类型花岗质岩石及与其相关的矿床:1)与高分异花岗岩有关的浸染状稀有金属矿化;2)热液型锡和钨矿化(如:矽卡岩型矿床);3)伟晶岩型稀有元素矿化;4)斑岩型矿化。虽然花岗岩和相关矿化作用之间(特别是斑岩系统相对于稀有金属)的联系还没有明确,但最近这些成矿系统的相关研究进展为探讨两者之间的关系提供了条件。本文重点回顾了与花岗岩相关成矿作用的主要特征,以及与不同类型矿化有关的花岗质岩浆的多样性,并论述了不同类型矿床的成矿模式。尽管长英质侵入岩浆系统复杂多样,但近来与这些矿化系统有关的研究进展可望能够作为找矿勘探的指示。地球化学特征可以揭示岩浆系统的氧化还原状态,进而可以判断斑岩系统的成矿潜力,它还可以与其他找矿勘探指标如矿物的同位素和微量元素分析联合使用。本文还讨论了通过熔融包裹体分析,研究微量元素在硅酸盐岩浆与挥发分体系中的行为。 | ZUREVINSKI Shannon HOLLINGS Pete 周涛发 王世伟 | 2017 | 岩石学报2017，33，5： | 4 |
| 10 | Impacts of land use and salinization on soil inorganic and organic carbon in the middle-lower Yellow River Delta显示文摘Soil inorganic carbon(SIC)is an important reservoir of carbon(C)in arid,semi-arid,and semi-humid regions.However,knowledge is incomplete on the dynamics of SIC and its relationship with soil organic C(SOC)under different land use types in the semi-humid region,particularly in coastal zones impacted by soil salinization.We collected 170 soil samples from 34 profiles across various land use types(maize-wheat,cotton,paddy,and reed)in the middle-lower Yellow River Delta(YRD),China.We measured soil pH,electrical conductivity(EC),water-soluble salts,and SOC and SIC contents.Our results showed significant differences in both SOC and SIC among land use types.The dry cropland(maize-wheat and cotton)soils had significantly higher SOC and SIC densities(4.71 and 15.46 kg C m^(-2),respectively)than the paddy soils(3.28 and 14.09 kg C m^(-2),respectively)in the 0–100 cm layer.Compared with paddy soils,reed soils contained significantly higher SOC(4.68 kg C m^(-2))and similar SIC(15.02 kg C m^(-2))densities.There was a significant positive correlation between SOC and SIC densities over a 0–100 cm soil depth in dry cropland soils,but a negative relationship in the paddy soils.On average,SOC and SIC densities under maize-wheat cropping were 15%and 4%lower,respectively,in the salt-affected soils in the middle-lower YRD than the upper YRD.This study indicated that land use types had great influences on both SOC and SIC and their relationship,and salinization had adverse effect on soil C storage in the YRD. | Yang GUO Xiujun WANG Xianglan LI Minggang XU Yuan LI Haonan ZHENG Yongming LUO Pete SMITH | 2021 | Pedosphere2021，31，6： | 4 |
| 11 | 因地而异的气候变化健康影响需要因地而异的应对措施显示文摘气候变化的趋势正在对全球的人群健康造成巨大的威胁,迫切需要各国密切协作,积极应对气候变化,为此《柳叶刀》(The Lancet)杂志成立了'柳叶刀健康与气候变化委员会'(以下简称柳叶刀委员会),评估气候变化对人群健康的影响,并寻找保障人群健康的应对气候变化措施.柳叶刀委员会在2015年报告基础上,启动了'柳叶刀倒计时:追踪健康与气候变化进展'项目(以下简称柳叶刀倒计时)[1],每年在《柳叶刀》上发表全球应对气候变化和保护人群健康的最新进展. | 蔡闻佳 张弛 孙凯平 艾思奇 白玉琪 鲍俊哲 陈彬 程亮亮 崔学勤 戴瀚程 底骞 董文轩 窦德景 范维澄 范星 高仝 耿阳 关大博 郭亚菲 胡艺馨 华峻翊 黄存瑞 黄弘 黄建斌 蒋婷婷 焦珂笛 Gregor Kiesewetter Zbigniew Klimont Pete Lampard 李传玺 李奇玮 李湉湉 李瑞奇 林波荣 林华亮 刘欢 刘起勇 刘小波 刘昱甫 刘钊 刘志东 刘竹 楼书含 鲁晨曦 罗勇 马伟 Alice McGushin 牛彦麟 任超 任浙豪 阮增良 Wolfgang Schöpp 苏婧 屠滢 王杰 王琼 王雅琪 王宇 Nick Watts 肖淙曦 谢杨 熊辉 徐名芳 徐冰 许磊 杨军 杨廉平 俞乐 岳玉娟 张少辉 张仲宸 赵继尧 赵亮 赵梦真 赵哲 周景博 宫鹏 | 2021 | 科学通报2021，66，31： | 3 |
| 12 | R410A空调制冷剂的特点显示文摘本文将比较不同制冷剂的特性,并解释了全球越来越多的空调生产商倾向选择R410A的原因是在系统成本允许的条件下,他们不仅需要使效率更高,还要肩负环境保护的责任。上一篇文章阐述过,R22曾经是世界上使用最广泛的碳氟化合物制冷剂,而目前已出现了数种用以取代R22的候补产品,包括环保的氢氟碳(HFC)制冷剂——R134a.R410A和R407C。 | Pete Dexter | 2005 | 暖通空调2005，35，B11： | 3 |
| 13 | 低聚木糖和木聚糖酶可提高猪的生产性能显示文摘鉴于木聚糖酶能够间接提高仔猪的存活率和饲料转化率,美国许多养猪生产者正在饲料中添加该酶制剂。本文详细介绍了木聚糖酶的作用方式。 | 张相鑫(译) 潘雪男(校) Laura Merriman Gustavo Cordero Pete Wilcock | 2020 | 国外畜牧学(猪与禽)2020，40，12： | 2 |
| 14 | 估算新经济的新方法显示文摘 | Cov,Pete 袁华娟 | 2000 | 商业周刊(中文版)2000，，1： | 2 |
| 15 | Optimizing aerosolization of a high-dose L-arginine powder for pulmonary delivery显示文摘In this study a carrier-free dry powder inhalation(DPI)containing L-arginine(ARG)was developed.As such,it is proposed that ARG could be used for adjunctive treatment of cystic fibrosis and/or tuberculosis.Various processing methods were used to manufacture highdose formulation batches consisting various amounts of ARG and excipients.The formulations were evaluated using several analytical methods to assess suitability for further investigation.Several batches had enhanced in vitro aerolization properties.Significant future challenges include the highly hygroscopic nature of unformulated ARG powder and identifying the scale of dose of ARG required to achieve the response in lungs. | Satu Lakio David A.V.Morton Anna P.Ralph Pete Lambert | 2015 | Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences2015，10，6： | 2 |
| 16 | Accuracy of Risk Scores for Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Receiving Entecavir Treatment显示文摘 | Grace Lai–Hung Wong Henry Lik–Yuen Chan Hoi–Yun Chan Pete Chi–Hang Tse Yee–Kit Tse Christy Wing–Hin Mak Stanley King–Yeung Lee Zoe Man–Yi Ip Andrew Ting–Ho Lam Henry Wing–Hang Iu Joyce May–Sum Leung Vincent Wai–Sun Wong | 2013 | Gastroenterology2013，，5： | 2 |
| 17 | The role of soil organic matter in maintaining the productivity and yield stability of cereals in China显示文摘 | Genxing Pan Pete Smith Weinan Pan | 2008 | Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment2008，，1： | 2 |
| 18 | Soil inorganic carbon sequestration through alkalinity regeneration using biologically induced weathering of rock powder and biochar显示文摘Soil inorganic carbon(SIC)accounts for about half of the C reserves worldwide and is considered more stable than soil organic carbon(SOC).However,soil acidification,driven mainly by nitrogen(N)fertilization can accelerate SIC losses,possibly leading to complete loss under continuous and intensive N fertilization.Carbonate-free soils are less fertile,productive,and more prone to erosion.Therefore,minimizing carbonate losses is essential for soil health and climate change mitigation.Rock/mineral residues or powder have been suggested as a cheaper source of amendments to increase soil alkalinity.However,slow mineral dissolution limits its efficient utilization.Soil microorganisms play a vital role in the weathering of rocks and their inoculation with mineral residues can enhance dissolution rates.Biochar is an alternative material for soil amendments,in particular,bone biochar(BBC)contains higher Ca and Mg that can induce even higher alkalinity.This review covers i)the contribution and mechanism of rock residues in alkalinity generation,ii)the role of biochar or BBC to soil alkalinity,and iii)the role of microbial inoculation for accelerating alkalinity generation through enhanced mineral dissolution.We conclude that using rock residues/BBC combined with microbial agents could mitigate soil acidification and SIC losses and also improve agricultural circularity. | Muhammad Azeem Sajjad Raza Gang Li Pete Smith Yong-Guan Zhu | 2022 | Soil Ecology Letters2022，4，4： | 2 |
| 19 | China’s low-emission pathways toward climate-neutral livestock production for animal-derived foods显示文摘Animal-derived food production accounts for 19%of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions.Diet followed in China is ranked as lowcarbon emitting(i.e.,0.21 t CO_(2-)eq per capita in 2018,ranking at 145^(th) of 168 countries)due to the low average animal-derived food consumption rate,and preferential consumption of animal-derived foods with lower GHG emissions(i.e.,pork and eggs versus beef and milk). | Rong Wang Zhaohai Bai Jinfeng Chang Qiushuang Li Alexander N.Hristov Pete Smith Yulong Yin Zhiliang Tan Min Wang | 2022 | The Innovation2022，3，2： | 2 |
| 20 | VcRR2 regulates chilling-mediated flowering through expression of hormone genes in a transgenic blueberry mutant显示文摘The molecular mechanism underlying dormancy release and the induction of flowering remains poorly understood in woody plants.Mu-legacy is a valuable blueberry mutant,in which a transgene insertion caused increased expression of a RESPONSE REGULATOR 2-like gene(VcRR2).Mu-legacy plants,compared with nontransgenic‘Legacy’plants,show dwarfing,promotion of flower bud formation,and can flower under nonchilling conditions.We conducted transcriptomic comparisons in leaves,chilled and nonchilled flowering buds,and late-pink buds,and analyzed a total of 41 metabolites of six groups of hormones in leaf tissues of both Mu-legacy and‘Legacy’plants.These analyses uncovered that increased VcRR2 expression promotes the expression of a homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana ENTCOPALYL DIPHOSPHATE SYNTHETASE 1(VcGA1),which induces new homeostasis of hormones,including increased gibberellin 4(GA4)levels in Mu-legacy leaves.Consequently,increased expression of VcRR2 and VcGA1,which function in cytokinin responses and gibberellin synthesis,respectively,initiated the reduction in plant height and the enhancement of flower bud formation of the Mu-legacy plants through interactions of multiple approaches.In nonchilled flower buds,29 differentially expressed transcripts of 17 genes of five groups of hormones were identified in transcriptome comparisons between Mu-legacy and‘Legacy’plants,of which 22 were chilling responsive.Thus,these analyses suggest that increased expression of VcRR2 was collectively responsible for promoting flower bud formation in highbush blueberry under nonchilling conditions.We report here for the first time the importance of VcRR2 to induce a suite of downstream hormones that promote flowering in woody plants. | Tianyi Lin Aaron Walworth Xiaojuan Zong Gharbia H.Danial Elise M.Tomaszewski Pete Callow Xiumei Han L.Irina Zaharia Patrick P.Edger Gan-yuan Zhong Guo-qing Song | 2019 | Horticulture Research2019，6，1： | 2 |
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