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| 1 | Genome survey uncovers the secrets of sex and lifestyle in caterpillar fungus显示文摘The caterpillar fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis (best known as Cordyceps sinensis) mummifies ghost moth larvae exclusively in Tibetan Plateau alpine ecosystems. Touted as 'Himalayan Viagra', the fungus is highly prized due to its medical benefits and dwindling supplies. Attempts to culture the sexual fruiting-body have failed and the huge market demand has led to severe devastation of local ecosystems and to the fungus heading towards extinction. By genome sequencing, we establish that unlike related insect pathogens O. sinensis contains two compatible mating-type genes in its genome and is self-fertile, i.e. homothallic. However, sexual processes are only initiated under native environmental conditions. O. sinensis resembles biotrophic plant pathogens in having a genome shaped by retrotransposon-driven expansions. The resulting changes in gene content suggest that O. sinensis has a biphasic pathogenic mechanism beginning with stealth pathogenesis in early host instars. O. sinensis is the first psychrophilic fungus sequenced and is adapted to extreme cold with putative antifreeze proteins and mechanisms for increasing lipid accumulation and fatty acid unsaturation. We hypothesize that for the inbreeding O. sinensis the massive proliferation of retrotransposons provides a tradeoff between the advantages of increased genetic variation independent of sexual recombination and deletion of genes dispensable for its specialized pathogenic lifestyle. | HU Xiao ZHANG YongJie XIAO GuoHua ZHENG Peng XIA YongLiang ZHANG XingYu ST LEGER Raymond J LIU XingZhong WANG ChengShu | 2013 | Chinese Science Bulletin2013，58，23： | 26 |
| 2 | Pollinator attraction in Cornus capitata (Cornaceae): the relative role of visual and olfactory cues显示文摘Aims it is generally accepted that visual displays and floral scent play important roles in communication between flowering plants and their pollinators.However,the relative role of visual and olfactory cues in pollinator attraction is largely unknown.in this study,we determined the roles of both types of cue in attracting pollinators to Cornus capitata,a medium sized tree with each capitulum sur-rounded by four large,white,petaloid bracts.Methods Pollinator observations and pollination experiments were con-ducted in a natural population;the inflorescences’visual and olfactory signals were characterized by spectral and chemical analyses;the responses of pollinators to visual and olfactory cues were tested using dual-choice behavioural bioassays;the relative roles of visual and olfactory cues in pollinator attrac-tion were tested by comparing the responses of pollinators to inflorescences subjected to three experimental treatments(intact,all bracts removed,and capitulum removed)within the natural population.Important Findings For fruit set,C.capitata is entirely dependent on pollinators,with a bee,Anthophora sp.,being the main pollinator.bracts present high colour distance and green contrast against the leaves.Twelve volatile compounds in the floral scent were detected,most of which have previously been reported to be attractive to a broad spectrum of bee species.behavioural bioassays showed that both,visual cues alone and olfactory cues alone,are attractive to pollinating bees.However,vis-ual cues alone attracted significantly more approaches than olfactory cues alone,while olfactory cues alone elicited a significantly higher landing percentage than visual cues alone.The finding suggests that,in the C.capitata-Anthophora sp.interaction,visual cues are mainly used for location from long distances,while olfactory cues mainly aid landing from short distances.our results indicate that different modalities of floral cues should be considered together to understand fully the communication between flowering plant and pollinators. | Bo Song Yang Niu Jürg Stöcklin Gao Chen De-Li Peng Yong-Qian Gao Hang Sun | 2015 | Journal of Plant Ecology2015，8，2： | 3 |
| 3 | 胎儿期恰逢1959~1961年饥荒的中国成人精神分裂症的发病率显示文摘背景:精神分裂症是一种常见的中度精神障碍。子宫内营养缺乏可增大患精神分裂症的危险。其主要依据来自1944~1945年荷兰饥饿冬天(Dutch Hunger Winter)研究,当时食品摄入在短期内极剧下降。这项有关饥荒期间受孕人群的大型队列研究显示,发生精神分裂症的危险增大两倍。
目的:确定经受1959~1961年大饥荒的中国人是否有相似的结果。
设计、地点及参试者:发生精神分裂症危险的调查于安徽省芜湖地区进行,这是当初受灾最重的地区之一。对饥荒之前、饥荒期间和饥荒以后出生的人群发病率进行比较。芜湖及其周围6个县是由一所精神病院负责的。对1971~2001年所有的精神病病历记录均进行检查。精神分裂症患者的临床和社会人口学资料由对自然灾害暴露情况不知情的研究者摘录。有关饥荒年出生人数和死亡人数的数据是有效可用的,累积死亡率根据以后的人口学调查进行估计。
主要观测指标:饥荒的证据已经核实,计算未校正的以及对死亡率进行校正后的发生精神分裂症的相对危险度。
结果:安徽省的出生率(每1000人)在饥荒期问降低了约80%,从1958年的28.28降至1959年的20.97、1960年的8.61和1961年的11.06。在饥荒期间出生的人,晚年发生精神分裂症的校正后危险明显增高,从1959年的0.84%增至1960年的2.15%和1961年的1.81%。死亡率校正相对危险在1960年出生者为2.30(95%可信区间,1.99~2.05),1961年出生者为1.93(95%可信区间,1.68~2.23)。
结论:我们的调查重复了荷兰不同种族人群的数据,结果显示,出生前遭受饥荒可增高晚年患精神分裂症的危险。 | David St Clair Mingqing Xu Peng Wang Yaqin Yu Yourong Fang Feng Zhang Xiaoying Zheng Niufan Gu Guoyin Feng Pak Sham Lin He 张继志(译) | 2006 | 美国医学会杂志(中文版)2006，25，4： | 3 |
| 4 | Magnetic diagnostic system of the DIII-D tokamak 显示文摘 | Lao L L John H E St Peng Q | 2005 | Fusion Science and Technology2005，48，： | 1 |
| 5 | Mesenchymal stem cells in the Wharton's jelly of the human umbilical cord 显示文摘 | Wang HS Hung SC Peng ST | 2004 | Stem Cells2004，22，7： | 1 |
| 6 | Mesenchymal stem cells in the Wharton' s jelly of the human umbilical cord显示文摘 | Wang HS Hung SC Peng ST | 2004 | Stem Cells2004，22，7： | 1 |
| 7 | The miR-200 family and the miR-183-96-182 cluster target Foxf2 to inhibit invasion and metastasis in lung cancers显示文摘 | Kundu ST Byers LA Peng DH | 2016 | Oncogene2016，35，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Phylogeny and biogeography of the genus Ainsliaea(Asteraceae)in the Sino-Japanese region based on nuclear rDNA and plastid DNA sequence data显示文摘 | Mitsui Y Chen ST Zhou ZK Peng CI Deng YF Setoguchi H | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 9 | The etiology of hypertrophic scar contracture: Another view显示文摘 | Brody GS Peng ST Landel RF | 1981 | Plast Reconstr Surg1981，67，： | 1 |
| 10 | Mesenchymal stem cells in the Wharton's jel y of the human umbilical cord显示文摘 | Wang HS Hung SC Peng ST | | 0，，07： | 1 |
| 11 | Mesenchymal stem cells in the Wharton's jelly of the human umbilical cord显示文摘 | Wang HS Hung SC Peng ST | 2004 | Stem Cells2004，22，12： | 1 |
| 12 | Contractile smooth muscle cells derived from hair-follicle stem cells 显示文摘 | Liu JY Peng HF Andreadis ST | 2008 | Cardiovasc Res2008，79，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Mesenchymal stem cells in Wharton jelly of the human umbilical cord显示文摘 | Wang HS Hung SC Peng ST | | 0，，07： | 1 |
| 14 | Mesenchymal stem cells in the Wharton's jelly of the human umbilical cord显示文摘 | Wang HS Hung SC Peng ST | 2004 | Stem Cells2004，22，7： | 1 |
| 15 | Mesenchymal stem cells in the Wharton's jel y of the human umbilical cord显示文摘 | Wang HS Hung SC Peng ST | | 0，，07： | 1 |
| 16 | Activins and their receptors in female reproduction显示文摘 | Peng C Mukai ST | 2000 | Biochem Cell Biol2000，78，3： | 1 |
| 17 | Vaspin plasma concentrations and mRNA expressions in patients with stable and unstable angina pectoris显示文摘 | Li HL Peng WH Cui ST | 2011 | Clin Chem Lab Med2011，49，9： | 1 |
| 18 | Mesenchymal stem ceils in the Whartoffs jelly of the human umbilical cord显示文摘 | Wang H S Hung SC Peng ST | 2004 | Stem Cells2004，22，13： | 1 |
| 19 | Mesenchymal stem cells in the Wharton's jelly of the human umbilical cord显示文摘 | Wang HS Hung SC Peng ST | 2004 | Stem Cells2004，22，7： | 1 |
| 20 | Vaspin plasma concen- trations and mRNA expressions in patients with stable and unstable angina pectoris 显示文摘 | Li HL Peng WH Cui ST | 2011 | Clin Chem Lab Med2011，49，9： | 1 |
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