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1Experimental evidence on the immunopathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis显示文摘Primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC)is a chronic cholestatic liver disease for which an autoimmune pathogenesis is supported by clinical and experimental data,including the presence of autoantibodies and autoreactive T cells.The etiology remains to be determined,yet data suggest that both a susceptible genetic background and unknown environmental factors determine disease onset.Multiple infectious and chemical candidates have been proposed to trigger the disease in a genetically susceptible host,mostly by molecular mimicry.Most recently,several murine models have been reported,including genetically determined models as well as models induced by immunization with xenobiotics and bacteria.Carlo Selmi Francesca Meda Anaid Kasangian Pietro Invernizzi Zhigang Tian Zhexiong Lian Mauro Podda M Eric Gershwin 2010Cellular & Molecular Immunology2010,7,1:14
2Etiopathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis显示文摘Primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC) is an autoimmune disease of the liver characterized by progressive bile duct destruction eventually leading to cirrhosis and liver failure.The serological hallmark of the disease is the presence of circulating antimitochondrial antibodies(AMA).These reflect the presence of autoreactive T and B cells to the culprit antigens,the E2 subunits of mitochondrial 2-oxo-acid dehydrogenase enzymes,chiefly pyruvate dehydrogenase(PDC-E2).The disease results from a combination of genetic and environmental risk factors.Genetic predisposition is indicated by the higher familial incidence of the disease particularly among siblings and the high concordance rate among monozygotic twins.Environmental triggering events appear crucial to disrupt a pre-existing unstable immune tolerance of genetic origin allowing,after a long latency,the emergence of clinical disease.Initiating mimetopes of the vulnerable epitope of the PDC-E2 autoantigen can be derived from microbes that utilize the PDC enzyme or,alternatively,environmental xenobiotics/chemical compounds that modify the structure of native proteins to make them immunogenic.A further alternative as a source of antigen is PDC-E2 derived from apoptotic cells.In the effector phase the biliary ductular cell,by reason of itsproclivity to express the antigen PDC-E2 in the course of apoptosis,undergoes a multilineage immune attack comprised of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and antibody.In this article,we critically review the available evidence on etiopathogenesis of PBC and present interpretations of complex data,new developments and theories,and nominate directions for future research.Ana Lleo Pietro Invernizzi Ian R Mackay Harry Prince Ren-Qian Zhong M Eric Gershwin 2008World Journal of Gastroenterology2008,14,21:9
3ABT-450, Ritonavir, Ombitasvir, and Dasabuvir Achieves 97% and 100% Sustained Virologic Response With or Without Ribavirin in Treatment-experienced Patients with HCV Genotype 1b Infection显示文摘Pietro Andreone Massimo G. Colombo Jeffrey V. Enejosa Iftihar Koksal Peter Ferenci Andreas Maieron Beat Müllhaupt Yves Horsmans Ola Weiland Henk W. Reesink Lino Rodrigues Yiran B. Hu Thomas Podsadecki Barry Bernstein 2014Gastroenterology2014,,:2
4Comprehensive review of autoantibodies in patients with hyper-IgM syndrome显示文摘Hyper-immunoglobulin M syndrome is an X-linked primary immunodeficiency disease caused by mutations in the CD40 ligand gene.The CD40 ligand has been recently highlighted as playing a key role in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cholangitis.In the present study,we assessed an extensive set of serum autoantibodies in a series of well-defined patients with hyper-immunoglobulin M syndrome.Serum,liver-related and liver-not-related autoantibodies IgG,IgM and IgA were tested by ELISA and standard indirect immunofluorescence in HEp-2 cells in 13 Tunisian patients(8 males and 5 females,aged 1–12 years)with hyper-immunoglobulin M syndrome during 1995–2012 and,as controls,21 age-and gender-matched blood donors.The level of IgM antibody against MIT3 was significantly higher in patients than in controls(35.8 vs 10.7,P=0.002).Half of the hyperimmunoglobulin M syndrome patients were found to be anti-MIT3 IgM positive vs none of the controls(Po0.0001).Twenty-three percent of patients were found to be anti-sp100 antibody positive vs only 0.05%of controls.By immunofluorescence,92.3%of patients were MIT3 IgM positive vs none of the controls.In conclusion,the IgM class of anti-MIT3 antibodies was shown to be present by both ELISA and immunofluorescence in most of the patients with hyper-immunoglobulin M syndrome.The presence of the hallmark of primary biliary cholangitis,a disease where the CD40 ligand is a key player,in an immunodeficiency disease caused by mutations in the CD40 ligand gene is very intriguing and opens new scenarios in understanding the immune pathogenesis of primary biliary cholangitis.Mohamed-Ridha Barbouche Qubo Chen Marco Carbone Imen Ben-Mustapha Zakera Shums Mehdi Trifa Federica Malinverno Francesca Bernuzzi Haiyan Zhang Nourhen Agrebi Gary L Norman Christopher Chang M Eric Gershwin Pietro Invernizzi 2018Cellular & Molecular Immunology2018,15,6:2
5Structural and biochemical characterization of the lungfish (Lepidosiren paradoxa) liver basic fatty acid binding protein显示文摘Di Pietro S M Santome J A 2001Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics2001,388,:1
6C-reactive protein as a marker of chronic inflammation in uremic patients显示文摘 Migliori M De Pietro S 2000Blood Purif2000,18,3:1
7Heavy metal immobilization by chemical amendments in a polluted soil and influence on white lupin growth显示文摘Paola C Laura S Pietro M 2005Chemosphere2005,60,:1
8Molecular characterization of an endopolygalacturonase from Fusarium oxysporum expressed during early stages of infection显示文摘Garcia-Maceira F I DI Pietro A Huertas-Gonztles M D 2001Applied and Environmental Microbiology2001,67,:1
9Polyoxygenated oleanane triterpenes from hydrocotyle ranunculoides显示文摘Marina D G Antonio F Pietro M 1994Phytochemistry1994,35,2:1
10No evidence of involvement of Chlamydia pneumoniae in lung cancer by means of quantitative real-time polyrnerase chain reaction 显示文摘Sessa R Santino l Di Pietro M 2008Int J Dnmunopathol Pharmacol2008,21,2:1
11Fu- sarium oxysporum: exploring the molecular arsenal of a vascular wilt fungus 显示文摘DI PIETRO A MADRID M P CARACUEL Z 2003Mol plant pathol2003,4,5:1
12Medication errors: prescribing faults and prescription errors显示文摘Giampaolo P Pietro M 20091Br J Clin Pharmacol2009,67,:1
13Calculation of the tensile and flexural strength of disordered materials using fractional calculus显示文摘Alberto Carpinteri Pietro Cornetti Kiran M 2004Chaos Solitons & Fractals2004,21,5:1
14C - reactive protein as a marker of chronic inflammation in uremic patients显示文摘Panichi V Migliori M De Pietro S 2000Blood Purif2000,8,3:1
15Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) regulates en dothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity and its localization within the human vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in culture 显示文摘Di Pietro R Mariggio M A Guarnieri S 2006J Cell Biochem2006,97,78:1
16Chronic exposure to free fatty acid or high glucose induces apoptosis in rat pancreatic islets:possible role of oxidative stress显示文摘Piro S Anello M Di Pietro C 2002Metabolism2002,51,10:1
17Role in pathogenesis of two endo-β-l,4-xylanase genes from the vascular wilt fungus Fusariurn oxysporum显示文摘Gomez-G6mez E Ruiz-Rold/m M C DI Pietro A 2002Fungal Genetics and Biology2002,35,:1
18Chronic exposure to free fatty acid or high glucose induces apoptosis in rat pancreatic islets:possible role of oxidative stress显示文摘Piro S Anello M Di Pietro C 2002Metabolism2002,5,1:1
19The spleen pigment cells in some amphibian显示文摘Scalia M Di Pietro C Poma M 0,,02:1
20Endochitinase from Guocladium virens:isolation,characterization,and synergistic antifungal activity in combination with cliotoxin显示文摘Di Pietro A Lorito M Hayes C K 0,,:1
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