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| 1 | Application of Trichoderma harzianum (T22) and Trichoderma atroviride (P1) as plant growth promoters, and their compatibility with copper oxychloride显示文摘Trichoderma strains are used in agriculture because they provide to the plants the following benefits: i) are rhizosphere competence and establish stable rhizosphere microbial communities; ii) control plant disease caused by pathogenic and competitive microflora, by using a variety of mechanisms; iii) improve vegetative growth, root development and yield; iv) make nutrients more available to the plant. In this work we have investigated the ability of T. harzianum T22 and T. atroviride P1 to improve plant growth of locally important horticultural crops: lettuce, tomatoes and peppers and to prevent disease in the greenhouse and field. The effect of the Trichoderma treatment was evaluated by determining the weight of fresh and dry roots and above ground plant biomass, measuring plants height, counting the number of emerged leaves (lettuce, tomatoes and peppers) and quantifying production (tomatoes and peppers). No disease symptoms were found during production, although Fusarium sp. strains pathogenic to tomato were detected in the soil. Compounds containing copper oxychloride are frequently used for fungal disease control in agriculture. In order to investigate the compatibility of T. harzianum T22 and T. atroviride P1 with copper oxychloride applications, the effect on mycelia growth was monitored in both liquid and solid medium. In general, the tests indicated a high level of tolerance of the Trichoderma strains to concentrations of copper oxychloride varying from 0.1 to 5 mmol/L. | Francesco Vinale Gaetano D'Ambrosio Khalid Abadi Felice Scala Roberta Marra David Turrà Sheridan L Woo Matteo Lorito | 2004 | 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)2004，30，4： | 7 |
| 2 | Exercise interventions for older adults: A systematic review of meta-analyses显示文摘Background:The evidence concerning which physical exercise characteristics are most effective for older adults is fragmented.We aimed to characterize the extent of this diversity and inconsistency and identify future directions for research by undertaking a systematic review of metaanalyses of exercise interventions in older adults.Methods:We searched the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews,PsycInfo,MEDLINE,Embase,CINAHL,AMED,SPORTDiscus,and Web of Science for articles that met the following criteria:(1)meta-analyses that synthesized measures of improvement(e.g.,effect sizes)on any outcome identified in studies of exercise interventions;(2)participants in the studies meta-analyzed were adults aged 65+or had a mean age of 70+;(3)meta-analyses that included studies of any type of exercise,including its duration,frequency,intensity,and mode of delivery;(4)interventions that included multiple components(e.g.,exercise and cognitive stimulation),with effect sizes that were computed separately for the exercise component;and(5)meta-analyses that were published in any year or language.The characteristics of the reviews,of the interventions,and of the parameters improved through exercise were reported through narrative synthesis.Identification of the interventions linked to the largest improvements was carried out by identifying the highest values for improvement recorded across the reviews.The study included 56 meta-analyses that were heterogeneous in relation to population,sample size,settings,outcomes,and intervention characteristics.Results:The largest effect sizes for improvement were found for resistance training,meditative movement interventions,and exercise-based active videogames.Conclusion:The review identified important gaps in research,including a lack of studies investigating the benefits of group interventions,the characteristics of professionals delivering the interventions associated with better outcomes,and the impact of motivational strategies and of significant others(e.g.,carers)on intervention delivery and outcomes. | Claudio Di Lorito Annabelle Long Adrian Byrne Rowan H.Harwood John R.F.Gladman Stefan Schneider Pip Logan Alessandro Bosco Veronika van der Wardt | 2021 | Journal of Sport and Health Science2021，10，1： | 3 |
| 3 | Cloning of first abc transporter encoding gene from Trichoderma spp. and its expression during stress and mycoparasitism显示文摘Trichoderma in its natural environment competes for nutrient uptake and is required to protect itself from adverse natural toxic compounds, such as those produced by plants and other microbes in the soil community, or synthetic toxic compounds released human activity. One of the most important metabolic pathways for drug resistance and substrate uptake, both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, is ATP dependent. The role of ABC transporter proteins in the biology of Trichoderma is still not known. We present the cloning of the first four ABC transporter genes (TABC1, TABC2, TABC3, TABC4 ) in Trichoderma, and in particular T. atroviride P1, and the characterization of TABC2 The complete sequence of this gene is 6535 bp, which includes a promoter of 1624 bp, a terminator of 642 bp and a coding region of 4264 bp. The promoter contains many of the potential transcription factor binding sites found in the 5’ upstream region of the ech42 gene of T. atroviride P1. These included: heat shock factors (HSF), a nitrogen-regulating factor (Nit-2), a stress-response element (STRE), a GCR1 elements, and a Cre BP1 motif. Northern analysis and RT-PCR demonstrated that TABC2 is highly expressed when Trichoderma is subjected to nitrogen starvation, grown in the presence of culture filtrates of Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani, and Pythium ultimum, or when N-acetylglucosamine is added to the substrate. TABC2 appears to be co-regulated with some CWDE-encoding genes, suggesting that this is the first ABC transporter encoding gene involved in mycoparasitic events. It’s role in the interaction of Trichoderma with fungal hosts or plants is being investigated by targeted gene disruption and overexpression. | Lanzuise S Ruocco M Scala V Catapano L Woo S Ciliento R Ferraioli S Soriente I Vinale F Scala F Del Sorbo G Lorito M | 2004 | 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)2004，30，4： | 2 |
| 4 | Transcriptome reprogramming,epigenetic modifications and alternative splicing orchestrate the tomato root response to the beneficial fungus Trichoderma harzianum显示文摘Beneficial interactions of rhizosphere microorganisms are widely exploited for plant biofertilization and mitigation of biotic and abiotic constraints.To provide new insights into the onset of the roots–beneficial microorganisms interplay,we characterised the transcriptomes expressed in tomato roots at 24,48 and 72 h post inoculation with the beneficial fungus Trichoderma harzianum T22 and analysed the epigenetic and post-trascriptional regulation mechanisms.We detected 1243 tomato transcripts that were differentially expressed between Trichoderma-interacting and control roots and 83 T.harzianum transcripts that were differentially expressed between the three experimental time points.Interaction with Trichoderma triggered a transcriptional response mainly ascribable to signal recognition and transduction,stress response,transcriptional regulation and transport.In tomato roots,salicylic acid,and not jasmonate,appears to have a prominent role in orchestrating the interplay with this beneficial strain.Differential regulation of many nutrient transporter genes indicated a strong effect on plant nutrition processes,which,together with the possible modifications in root architecture triggered by ethylene/indole-3-acetic acid signalling at 72 h post inoculation may concur to the well-described growth-promotion ability of this strain.Alongside,T.harzianum-induced defence priming and stress tolerance may be mediated by the induction of reactive oxygen species,detoxification and defence genes.A deeper insight into gene expression and regulation control provided first evidences for the involvement of cytosine methylation and alternative splicing mechanisms in the plant–Trichoderma interaction.A model is proposed that integrates the plant transcriptomic responses in the roots,where interaction between the plant and beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms occurs. | Monica De Palma Maria Salzano Clizia Villano Riccardo Aversano Matteo Lorito Michelina Ruocco Teresa Docimo Anna Lisa Piccinelli Nunzio D’Agostino Marina Tucci | 2019 | Horticulture Research2019，6，1： | 2 |
| 5 | Identification and characterization of Trichoderma species aggressive to Pleurotus in Italy显示文摘In the late 1980’s the deve lop ment of a severe epidemic of green mold caused by Trichoderma spp. was not ed in the commercial production of Agaricus bisporus (champignon) in the U nited Kingdom, North America, Spain and Holland, which caused extensive economic losses. The parasitic fungi isolated from the edible mushroom belonged to four biotypes, Th1, Th2, Th3 and Th4 of T. harzianum. However, among these biotypes, only Th2 (since c lassified as T. aggressivum f. europaeum) and Th4 (T. aggressivum f. aggressivum) were identified as the fungi causing problems in Agaricus production. In general, mushroom compost hosts both aggressive and innocuous is olates of Trichoderma, which are not morphologically distinguishable. Abo ut four years ago, a problem with green mold became apparent in the production o f Pleurotus ostreatus in Northern Italy, which eventually developed to a c risis situation in the South two years later and threatened to seriously comprom ise the Pleurotus market. This study was initiated to: isolate and identif y the aggressive fungi, then morphologically, physiologically and genetically characterize the isolates, dete rmine the source and phases of infection, and study methods of control. Samples were obtained from different phases of compost preparation at the locality of a major producer and supplier of compost to the mushroom industry in Southern Ital y, and microbial counts were conducted. Although the presence of Trichoderma was detected in the initial stages of composting, this value was reduced to zero from the phase of pasteurization to seeding with Pleurotus. Trichoderma infestations were noted in the packaged Pleurotus bales at various time s during the incubation phase (7-15 days after seeding) and after shipping to th e mushroom greenhouses, where the pathogen infestations greatly reduced the qual ity and quantity of the mushroom yield, as well as the number of potential harvest cycles. Preliminary r esults from the morphological and genetic characterization of Trichoderma isolates parasitic to Pleurotus indicated that they are different from bot h T. aggressivum forms parasitic to Agaricus, and the majority of the isolates probably belong to the species T. harzianum. In vitr o confrontation plates were performed with 26 isolates of aggressive Trich oderma obtained from compost, three Trichoderma isolates used in biolog ical control and 12 varieties of Pleurotus. No inhibitory effect was obse rved between any of the Trichoderma isolates with Pleurotus, althou gh some growth inhibition was caused by the biocontrol isolates of Trichoderm a on some of the aggressive isolates. The temperature optimum for Pleurotus growth was at 28 ℃, whereas Trichoderma grew well at a wider range (20- 28 ℃), and exceeded the growth rate of Pleurotus by three times at 25 ℃. T he pH optimum for the growth of Pleurotus was alkaline (pH 8-9) whereas Trichoderma preferred acidic-neutral pH (5-7) . Various commercial fungicides used in agriculture (procloraz, thiabendazole, dichloran, benomyl, p r opiconazole, thiofanatomethyl) were tested against the aggressive and biocontro l isolates of Trichoderma, as well as the different varieties of Pleuro tus to determine dose response curves and combinations that would inhibit spo re germination, mycelial growth and subsequent sporulation. Both procloraz and thiabendazole, which are pesticides allowed in e dible mushroom production, were found to control the growth of the aggressive Trichoderma isolates and did not have a negative effect on Pleurotus. | Woo S L Di Benedetto P Senatore M Abadi K Gigante S Soriente I Ferraioli S Scala F Lorito M | 2004 | 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)2004，30，4： | 2 |
| 6 | Genetic improvement of Trichoderma ability to induce systemic resistance显示文摘The beneficial applications of Trichoderma spp. in agriculture include not only the control of plant pathogens, but also the improvement of plant growth, micronutrient availability, and plant tolerance to abiotic stress. In addition, it has been suggested that these fungi are able to increase plant disease resistance by activating induced systemic resistance (ISR) . The mode of action of these beneficial fungi in the Trichoderma -plant-pathogen interaction are many, complex and not completely understood. Numerous lytic enzymes have been characterized, the encoding genes (ech42 gluc78, nag1 from T. atroviride strain P1) cloned, and their role in biocontrol demonstrated. The corresponding biocontrol-related inducible promoters have been used in a reporter system based on the Aspergillus niger glucose oxidase gene (goxA) to monitor biocontrol activity. Glucose oxidase catalyzes the oxygen-dependent oxidation of D-glucose to D-glucono-1,5-lactone and hydrogen peroxide; this latter compound is known to have an antifungal effect and activate the plant defence cascade, thus increasing resistance to pathogen attack. T. atroviride P1 transformants with various promoters gox were tested as seed coating treatments on bean seeds planted in soil infested with a soilborne fungal pathogen. Successively, the emergent leaves were inoculated with a foliar pathogen to determine the effect of the GOX transformants on biocontrol and resistance to pathogen attack. Inoculations with the P1-GOX transformants not only reduced disease symptoms caused by a soil pathogen, but also the lesions of various foliar pathogens applied far from the Trichoderma colonization, thus activating ISR. A similar approach is being use to genetically improve T. harzianum T22, a rhizosphere competent and commercially marketed strain not transformed yet, by using four different gox gene constructs under the control of constitutive and inducible promoters. Plasmids have been introduced in Trichoderma by protoplasts co-transformation. hygromicin resistant progeny selected, and mitotically stable transformants analysed to confirm the presence of the novel enzyme activity. Progenies are being tested for biocontrol ISR inducing activity. | Ciliento R Woo S L Di Benedetto P Ruocco M Scala F Soriente I Ferraioli S Brunner K Zeilinger S Mach R L Lorito M | 2004 | 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)2004，30，4： | 2 |
| 7 | Synergistic inter action between fungal cell wall degrading enzymes and differ ent antifungal compounds enhances inhibition of spore germination显示文摘 | Lorito M Peterbauer C Hayes C-K | 1994 | Microbiology1994，140，： | 1 |
| 8 | Chitolytic enzymes produced by Trichoderma harzianum:antifungal activity of purified endochitinase and chitobiase显示文摘 | Lorito M Harman GE Hayes CK | 1993 | Phytopathology1993，83，： | 1 |
| 9 | Parallel formation and synergism of hydrolytic enzymes and peptaibol antibiotics, molecular mechanisms involved in the antagonistic action of Trichoderma harzianum against phytopathogenic fungi显示文摘 | Schirmbock M Lorito M Wang Y-L | 1996 | Appl Environ Microbiol1996，60，： | 1 |
| 10 | Endochitinase from Guocladium virens:isolation,characterization,and synergistic antifungal activity in combination with cliotoxin显示文摘 | Di Pietro A Lorito M Hayes C K | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 11 | Trichoderma harzianum enhances tomato indirect defense against aphids显示文摘 | Mariangela Coppola Pasquale Cascone Maria Luisa Chiusano Chiara Colantuono Matteo Lorito Francesco Pennacchio Rosa Rao Sheridan Lois Woo Emilio Guerrieri Maria Cristina Digilio | 2017 | Insect Science2017，24，6： | 1 |
| 12 | Polygalaeturonase-inhihiting protein 2 of Phaseolus vulgaris inhibits BcPG1, a polygalacturonase of Botrytis cinerea important for pathogenicity, and protects transgenic plants from infection 显示文摘 | Manfredini C Sicilia F Ferrari S Pontiggia D Salvi G Caprai C Lorito M De Lorenzo G | 2006 | Physiol Mol Plant Pathol2006，67，： | 1 |
| 13 | Chitinolytie enzymes of Trlehoderma harzianum: purification of chitobiosidase and endochitinase显示文摘 | Harman G E Hayes C K Lorito M | 1993 | Phytopathology1993，83，： | 1 |
| 14 | Endochitinase from Gliocladium virens:Isolation characterization synergistic anti-fungal activity in combination with gliotoxin显示文摘 | DI PIETRO A LORITO M HAYES C K | 1993 | Phyto Pathology1993，83，： | 1 |
| 15 | Endochitinase from glioeladium virens: isolation, characterization, and synergistic antifungal activity in combination with glio- toxin显示文摘 | Di Pietro A Lorito M Hayes C K | 1993 | Phytopathology1993，83，： | 1 |
| 16 | Observations of in vitro antagonistic activity against sclerotial phytopathogens 显示文摘 | Aloj B Lorito M Raio A | 1990 | Annali della Facolta di scienze Agrarie della Universita degli Studi di Napoli1990，24，： | 1 |
| 17 | Endochitinase from Gliocladium vlrens;Isolation characterization and synergistic anti-fungal activity in combination with gliotoxin显示文摘 | Di PIETRO A LORITO M HAYES C K | 1993 | Phyto Pathology1993，83，： | 1 |
| 18 | Oxidative stress,inflammation and cardiovascular disease in chronic renal failure显示文摘 | Cottone S Lorito MC Riccobene R et a1 | 2008 | J Nephrol2008，21，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Chitionlytic enzymes of Tricboderma harzianum:purification of chitobiosidase and endochitinase显示文摘 | HARMAN G E HAYES C K LORITO M | 1993 | Pnytopathology1993，，83： | 1 |
| 20 | Endochitinase from Gliocladium virens:isolation,characterization,and synergistic antifungal activity in combination with gliotoxin 显示文摘 | Pietro A D Lorito M Hayes C K | 1993 | Phytopathology1993，83，： | 1 |
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