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| 1 | Effects of Saccharomycesboulardiion fecal short-chain fatty acids and microflora in patients on long-term total enteral nutrition显示文摘AIM: To assess the effects of Sb on fecal flora and shortchain fatty acids (SCFA) in patients on long-term TEN.METHODS: Ten patients (3 females, 7 males, 59±5.5 years),on TEN for a median of 13 mo (1-125), and 15 healthy volunteers (4 females, 11 males, 32±2.0 years) received Sb (0.5 g bid PO) for 6 d. Two stool samples were taken before, on the last 2 d and 9-10 d after treatment, for SCFA measurement and for culture and bacterial identification.Values (mean±SE) were compared using sign tests and ANOVA.RESULTS: Fecal butyrate levels were lower in patients(10.1±2.9 mmol/kg) than in controls (19.2±3.9, P= 0.02).Treatment with Sb increased total fecal SCFA levels in patients (150.2±27.2 vs 107.5±18.2 mmol/kg, P = 0.02)but not in controls (129.0±28.6 vs 113.0±15.2 mmol/kg,NS). At the end of treatment with Sb, patients had higher fecal butyrate (16.0±4.4 vs 10.1 [2.9] mmol/kg, P = 0.004).Total SCFAs remained high 9 d after treatment was discontinued. Before the treatment, the anaerobe to aerobe ratio was lower in patients compared to controls (2.4±2.3 vs69.8±1.8, P = 0.003). There were no significant changes in the fecal flora of TEN patients.CONCLUSION: Sb-induced increase of fecal SCFA concentrations (especially butyrate) may explain the preventive effects of this yeast on TEN-induced diarrhea. | Stéphane M Schneider Fernand Girard-Pipau Jér(o|^)me Filippi Xavier Hébuterne Dominique Moyse Gustavo Calle Hinojosa Anne Pompei Patrick Rampal | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，39： | 26 |
| 2 | 基于家庭的TGFβ1基因-509C/T多态性与IgA肾病相关性研究显示文摘目的 :以家庭为基础 ,利用遗传不平衡原理研究转化生长因子β1(TGFβ1)基因 - 5 0 9C/T多态性与中国汉族人群IgA肾病的相关关系。方法 :用PCR -RFLP法和PCR产物直接测序法鉴定基因型 ,采用家庭为基础的传递不平衡检验 (TDT)、单体型相对风险 (HRR)分析的方法。进一步病例追踪随访。结果 :① 10 6个满足经典TDT分析的核心家庭中 ,杂合子父母传递给患病子代的等位基因频率不比预期值高 ,16 8个家庭的扩展TDT分析也验证了这一结果 (χ2 =0 5 5 8,P >0 0 5 ;χ2 =0 399,P >0 0 5 )。② 130个满足HRR分析的核心家庭中 ,HRR分析显示TGFβ1基因 - 5 0 9C/T多态性不使病人具有更高的发病风险 (Genotype -basedHRR χ2 =0 6 77,P >0 0 5 ,Haplotype -basedHRR χ2 =0 6 5 0 ,P >0 0 5 ,HRR =0 86 5 )。③ 2 96例IgA肾病病人的追踪随访发现 :肾功能恶化组CC基因型出现频率显著增高 [χ2 (CC/others) =10 4 0 2 ,P <0 0 1,OR =2 90 0 ]。结论 :中国汉族人群中 ,TGFβ1基因 - 5 0 9C/T多态性可能和肾病的病程进展相关。但和IgA肾病的易感性不相关。 | 薛超 李幼姬 李彩霞 杜勇 黄伟俊 夏运风 黎嘉能 Patrick H Maxwell 王一鸣 | 2005 | 中国病理生理杂志2005，21，3： | 18 |
| 3 | Expanding etiology of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis显示文摘BACKGROUND Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis(PFIC)refers to a disparate group of autosomal recessive disorders that are linked by the inability to appropriately form and excrete bile from hepatocytes,resulting in a hepatocellular form of cholestasis.While the diagnosis of such disorders had historically been based on pattern recognition of unremitting cholestasis without other identified molecular or anatomic cause,recent scientific advancements have uncovered multiple specific responsible proteins.The variety of identified defects has resulted in an ever-broadening phenotypic spectrum,ranging from traditional benign recurrent jaundice to progressive cholestasis and end-stage liver disease.AIM To review current data on defects in bile acid homeostasis,explore the expanding knowledge base of genetic based diseases in this field,and report disease characteristics and management.METHODS We conducted a systemic review according to PRISMA guidelines.We performed a Medline/PubMed search in February-March 2019 for relevant articles relating to the understanding,diagnosis,and management of bile acid homeostasis with a focus on the family of diseases collectively known as PFIC.English only articles were accessed in full.The manual search included references of retrieved articles.We extracted data on disease characteristics,associations with other diseases,and treatment.Data was summarized and presented in text,figure,and table format.RESULTS Genetic-based liver disease resulting in the inability to properly form and secrete bile constitute an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children and increasingly in adults.A growing number of PFIC have been described based on an expanded understanding of biliary transport mechanism defects and the development of a common phenotype.CONCLUSION We present a summary of current advances made in a number of areas relevant to both the classically described FIC1(ATP8B1),BSEP(ABCB11),and MDR3(ABCB4)transporter deficiencies,as well as more recently described gene mutations--TJP2(TJP2),FXR(NR1H4),MYO5B(MYO5B),and others which expand the etiology and understanding of PFIC-related cholestatic diseases and bile transport. | Sarah AF Henkel Judy H Squires Mary Ayers Armando Ganoza Patrick Mckiernan James E Squires | 2019 | World Journal of Hepatology2019，11，5： | 13 |
| 4 | TCRCα-560C/T多态性与IgA肾病临床病理的关联分析显示文摘目的: 探讨T细胞受体保守域Alpha链基因(TCRCα)- 560C/T多态性与我国汉族人群IgA肾病临床病理的相关关系.方法: PCR RFLP法和PCR产物直接测序法鉴定400例IgA肾病患者的基因型,按基因型分为TT(135人),TC(196人)和CC(69人)3组.与其临床病理资料进行关联分析,并追踪随访.结果: ①TCRCα560的TT基因型的患者其蛋白尿发生率显著降低(P<0. 05),而CT基因型的患者蛋白尿发生率则显著增高(P<0 01 ),CC基因型的患者发生蛋白尿的比例亦有增高趋势;②在IgA肾病病理中度病变组,CC基因型的分布频率相对于其他基因型有显著增高(P<0 .05 );③211例随访患者,TCRCα- 560C/T基因在肾功稳定组与进展组间,不论是基因型还是等位基因的分布频率均未见显著性差异(P>0 .05).结论: 中国汉族人群中,TCRCα基因-560C/T基因多态性可能和IgA肾病蛋白尿的发生及肾病病理有一定关联性,但可能与肾功能进展不相关. | 薛超 李幼姬 李彩霞 王一鸣 胡彬 陈路明 黎嘉能 Patrick H Maxwell | 2005 | 第四军医大学学报2005，26，10： | 11 |
| 5 | 中国汉族人群TCRCα基因-575A/G多态性与IgA肾病临床病理的相关分析显示文摘目的:探讨T细胞受体保守域α链基因(TCRCα)-575 A/G多态性与中国汉族人群IgA肾病临床病理的相关关系.方法:PCR-RFLP法和PCR产物直接测序法鉴定基因型,对IgA肾病患者的临床及病理资料进行相关分析,并对病例进行追踪随访.结果:①291例患者临床资料分析显示:在伴有肉眼血尿患者中AA基因型的出现频率显著性升高(P<0.05);在年龄、性别、血压、血尿、蛋白尿、血清IgA水平等临床指标中任何基因型的分布频率均无统计学意义(P>0.05).②294例患者病理资料分析显示:在IgA肾病Haas分级的Ⅱ+Ⅲ级的患者中,AA基因型其分布频率相对于其他基因型有显著增加(P<0.05).③219例IgA肾病患者,TCRCα基因-575 A/G不论是基因型还是等位基因,在肾功能稳定组与进展组相比较均未见显著性差异(P>0.05).结论:中国汉族人群中,TCRCα基因-575 A/G多态性可能和肉眼血尿的发生、系膜增生相关,但可能与肾功能进展不相关. | 薛超 李幼姬 李彩霞 杜勇 王一鸣 黄玮俊 夏运风 黎嘉能 Patrick H Maxwell | 2005 | 第四军医大学学报2005，26，22： | 10 |
| 6 | Cardiotrophin 1 stimulates beneficial myogenic and vascular remodeling of the heart显示文摘出生后的心通过 hypertrophic 生长适应应力和超载,可能病理学或有益的一个过程(生理的肥大) 。生理的肥大改进心脏的性能在健康并且 diseased 个人,然而,宣传这有利改编的机制仍然保持糟糕定义。我们识别 cytokine cardiotrophin (CT1 ) 1 作为能够包括导致的导出 cardiomyocyte 的 angiogenic 信号的心肌层,和刺激的短暂、可逆的肥大概括心的生理的生长的特色的一个因素增加了由脉管形成。CT1 的能力从 caspase 激活的调停 CK2 的制止发源导致生理的肥大,阻止到无限制的病理学的生长的转变。外长的 CT1 蛋白质交货稀释了病理并且在正确的心失败的一个严格的模型恢复了可收缩的功能,建议为这难处理的心脏病的一种新奇处理选择。 | Mohammad Abdul-Ghani Colin Suen Baohua Jiang Yupu Deng Jonathan J Weldrick Charis Putinski Steve Brunette Pasan Femando Tom T Lee Peter Flynn Frans H H Leenen Patrick G Burgon Duncan J Stewar Lynn A Megeney | 2017 | Cell Research2017，27，10： | 8 |
| 7 | STAT5 programs a distinct subset of GM-CSF-producing T helper cells that is essential for autoimmune neuroinflammation显示文摘 | Wanqiang Sheng Fan Yang Yi Zhou Henry Yang Pey Yng Low David Michael Kemeny Patrick Tan Akira Moh Mark H Kaplan Yongliang Zhang Xin-Yuan Fu | 2014 | Cell Research2014，24，12： | 7 |
| 8 | 诊断性试验和策略的证据质量和推荐强度的分级显示文摘GRADE系统能对诊断性试验或策略的证据质量和推荐强度进行分级。本文旨在阐释在此过程中如何考虑患者的重要结局, | Holger J Schünemann Andrew D Oxman Jan Brozek Paul Glasziou Roman Jaeschke Gunn E Vist John W Williams Jr Regina Kunz Jonathan Craig Victor M Montori Patrick Bossuyt Gordon H Guyatt 李晓 黄程 陈耀龙 李幼平 | 2009 | 中国循证医学杂志2009，9，5： | 7 |
| 9 | 钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白-2抑制剂或胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂治疗成人2型糖尿病:临床实践指南显示文摘临床问题对于存在不同心血管风险及肾脏结局的2型糖尿病患者,在原有生活方式干预和/或其他降糖药物的基础上加用钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2(SGLT-2)抑制剂和胰高血糖素样肽1(GLP-1)受体激动剂的获益及风险是什么?现行做法几十年来,2型糖尿病的治疗决策都以控制血糖为主导。SGLT-2抑制剂和GLP-1受体激动剂在传统观念中常被用于二甲双胍治疗后血糖仍控制不佳的患者。目前这一现状已经发生了改变,这得益于多项临床研究结果。研究显示SGLT-2抑制剂和GLP-1受体激动剂拥有独立于药物降糖作用之外的对于动脉粥样硬化性心血管病(CVD)和慢性肾脏病(CKD)的获益。建议本指南阐述了针对不同风险分层的成人2型糖尿病患者使用SGLT-2抑制剂或GLP-1受体激动剂的建议。•伴有3种或更少的心血管风险因素且不存在CVD或CKD:不建议启动SGLT-2抑制剂或GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)•伴有3种以上心血管风险因素且不存在CVD或CKD:建议启动SGLT-2抑制剂治疗,不建议启动GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)•已经存在CVD或CKD:建议启动SGLT-2抑制剂治疗和GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)•已经存在CVD和CKD:建议启动SGLT-2抑制剂治疗(推荐等级:强)和GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)•对于那些想要进一步降低CVD和CKD结局风险的患者:推荐优先启用SGLT-2抑制剂治疗而非GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)这项指南是如何制订的一个由患者、临床医生和方法学家共同组成的国际小组提出了这些推荐意见。这些推荐意见基于可信度较高的指南的标准,并使用GRADE分级方法进行评估。该小组采用了息者个体化的观点。证据一项关于获益与风险的系统综述和网络meta分析(764项随机对照研究,包括421346例参与者)发现SGLT-2抑制剂和GLP-1受体激动剂可以降低总体死亡率、心肌梗死发生率、终末期肾病或肾衰竭的发生率(中等至高等质量的证据)。在不同的亚组中这些药物对卒中、因心力衰竭所致住院和其他主要不良事件有不同的影响。药物绝对获益的程度因患者个体风险的不同有很大的差异。(例如,对于接受了超过5年药物治疗的1000例患者,在最低风险人群中死亡人数减少了5人,在最高风险人群中死亡人数减少了48人)。一项关于预后的综述确认了14种风险预测模型,其中一种(RECODe)在证据总结中报告了大部分基线风险评估数据,小组利用该模型以支持风险分层的建议。考虑到患者的价值观及个体差异,指南推荐的支撑证据包括一项对已发表论文的系统综述、一项患者焦点小组研究、一项临床问题总结,以及一项指南调查。指南解读我们依据不同的CVD和CKD风险水平,综合考虑获益、风险和其他因素的平衡,以及每一个风险组别的实际问题,来对推荐意见进行分层。本指南强烈建议CVD和CKD患者使用SGLT-2抑制剂治疗,这说明专家组认为其具有显著的获益。而对于其他成人2型糖尿病患者,推荐等级较弱,这说明专家组想要在获益、风险及治疗花费上取得一个更好的平衡。临床医生通过该指南可以使用可靠的风险计算模型,如RECODe,来明确其患者的个体心血管和肾脏疾病风险。医患交互式总结临床证据和制订决策有助于患者知晓治疗选择,包括进行共同决策。2型糖尿病人群(全球患病率不断增长1-2)正面临着不断增加的心血管疾病、肾脏病和其他并发症的风险3。数十年来,2型糖尿病的管理始终以控制血糖及糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)为治疗目标4-5,但是,最近的高质量随机对照研究已经对这种以血糖为中心的治疗模式发起了挑战。研究结果显示,强化血糖控制未必会降低大血管不良事件,它还可能带来不利影响监管机构现在要求新型糖尿病药物必须证明其具有心血管和肾脏获益才能获得批准。对两类新药--钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2(SGLT-2)抑制剂和胰高血糖素样肽1(GLP-1)受体激动剂(见框图1)的临床试验结果显示,在现有治疗方案(常规治疗)之上加用这些药物,对死亡、心肌梗死、卒中、心力衰竭和肾脏的结局(如进展为终末期肾病)都有获益8-12。 | Sheyu Li Per Olav Vandvik Lyubov Lytvyn Gordon H Guyatt Suetonia C Palmer Rene Rodriguez-Gutierrez Farid Foroutan Thomas Agoritsas Reed A C Siemieniuk Michael Walsh Lawrie Frere David J Tunnicliffe Evi V Nagler Veena Manja Bjφrn Olav Asvold Vivekanand Jha Mieke Vermandere Karim Gariani Qian Zhao Yan Ren Emma Jane Cartwright Patrick Gee Alan Wickes Linda Fems Robin Wright Ling Li Qiukui Hao Reem A Mustafa 无 郭鹤鸣(译) | 2021 | 英国医学杂志中文版2021，24，9： | 7 |
| 10 | Destabilization of strigolactone receptor DWARF14 by binding of ligand and E3-1igase signaling effector DWARF3显示文摘 | Li-Hua Zhao X Edward Zhou Wei Yi Zhongshan Wu Yue Liu Yanyong Kang Li Hou Parker W de Waal Suling Li Yi Jiang Adrian Scaffidi Gavin R Flematti Steven M Smith Vinh Q Lam Patrick R Griffin YonghongWang Jiayang Li Karsten Melcher H Eric Xu | 2015 | Cell Research2015，25，11： | 7 |
| 11 | Retrograde-viewing device improves adenoma detection rate in colonoscopies for surveillance and diagnostic workup显示文摘AIM:To determine which patients might benefit most from retrograde viewing during colonoscopy through subset analysis of randomized,controlled trial data.METHODS:The Third Eye Retroscope Randomized Clinical Evaluation(TERRACE) was a randomized,controlled,multicenter trial designed to evaluate the efficacy of a retrograde-viewing auxiliary imaging device that is used during colonoscopy to provide a second video image which allows viewing of areas on the proximal aspect of haustral folds and flexures that are difficult to see with the colonoscope's forward view.We performed a post-hoc analysis of the TERRACE data to determine whether certain subsets of the patient population would gain more benefit than others from use of the device.Subjects were patients scheduled for colonoscopy for screening,surveillance or diagnostic workup,and each underwent same-day tandem examinations with standard colonoscopy(SC) and Third Eye colonoscopy(TEC),randomized to SC followed by TEC or vice versa.RESULTS:Indication for colonoscopy was screening in 176/345 subjects(51.0%),surveillance after previous polypectomy in 87(25.2%) and diagnostic workup in 82(23.8%).In 4 subjects no indication was specified.Previously reported overall results had shown a net additional adenoma detection rate(ADR) with TEC of 23.2% compared to SC.Relative risk(RR) of missing adenomas with SC vs TEC as the initial procedure was 1.92(P = 0.029).Post-hoc subset analysis shows additional ADRs for TEC compared to SC were 4.4% for screening,35.7% for surveillance,55.4% for diagnostic and 40.7% for surveillance and diagnostic combined.The RR of missing adenomas with SC vs TEC was 1.11(P = 0.815) for screening,3.15(P = 0.014) for surveillance,8.64(P = 0.039) for diagnostic and 3.34(P = 0.003) for surveillance and diagnostic combined.Although a multivariate Poisson regression suggested gender as a possibly significant factor,subset analysis showed that the difference between genders was not statistically significant.Age,bowel prep quality and withdrawal time did not significantly affect the RR of missing adenomas with SC vs TEC.Mean sizes of adenomas detected with TEC and SC were similar at 0.59 cm and 0.56 cm,respectively(P = NS).CONCLUSION:TEC allows detection of significantly more adenomas compared to SC in patients undergoing surveillance or diagnostic workup,but not in screening patients(ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT01044732). | Peter D Siersema Amit Rastogi Anke M Leufkens Paul A Akerman Kassem Azzouzi Richard I Rothstein Frank P Vleggaar Alessandro Repici Giacomo Rando Patrick I Okolo Olivier Dewit Ana Ignjatovic Elizabeth Odstrcil James East Pierre H Deprez Brian P Saunders Anthony N Kalloo Bradley Creel Vikas Singh Anne Marie Lennon Daniel C DeMarco | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，26： | 6 |
| 12 | 中国汉族人群TGFβ_1基因-509C/T多态性及其IgA肾病的病例对照研究显示文摘【目的】探讨转化生长因子β1(TGFβ1)基因鄄509C/T多态性与中国汉族人群IgA肾病的相关关系。【方法】PCR鄄RFLP鉴定基因型,采用病例鄄对照与临床病理资料分析的方法,并行病例追踪随访。【结果】①387例IgA肾病病人的3种基因型与203例正常人对照组相比,分布频率无统计学意义,P>0.05。②临床资料显示:年龄、性别、血压、血尿、蛋白尿、血清IgA水平等临床指标中任何基因型的分布频率无统计学意义,P>0.05。③病理资料显示:CC基因型在肾小球中重度系膜增生病人中有较高的出现频率,而TT基因型相应明显减少,P<0.01;CC基因型在肾小球硬化组的分布频率显著增加,P<0.05。④进一步的病例追踪随访显示:CC基因型和C等位基因的IgA肾病病人尿蛋白好转率明显低于其它基因型,P<0.05。【结论】中国汉族人群中,TGFβ1基因鄄509C/T多态性可能与较重的肾损害、肾小球硬化、尿蛋白转归相关;但和IgA肾病的遗传易感性不相关。 | 薛超 李幼姬 李彩霞 杜勇 黄玮俊 夏运风 黎嘉能 Patrick H Maxwell 王一鸣 | 2005 | 中山大学学报(医学科学版)2005，26，3： | 5 |
| 13 | Uteroglobin基因G38A多态性与IgA肾病相关关系显示文摘【目的】 研究Uteroglobin 基因G38A多态性与我国IgA肾病的相关关系? 【方法】 用PCR-RFLP法和PCR产物直接测序法鉴定基因型,采用以家庭为基础的传递不平衡检验(transmission disequilibrium test ,TDT)?单倍体相对风险(haplotype-based haplotype relative risk, HRR)分析,以及病例-对照研究分析Uteroglobin 基因G38A多态性与我国IgA肾病的相关关系?【结果】 ① GG基因型在IgA肾病伴高血压组与肾功能进展组中的分布频率显著高于AA +GA(P=0.042,χ2=4.117;P=0.039,χ2=4.240)(病例组362例?正常对照组201例);② 135个满足TDT分析的核心家庭中,杂合子父母传递给患病子代的等位基因频率不比预期值高(χ2=0.457, P=0.499);③ HRR分析显示此多态性不使患者具有更高的发病风险(χ2=0.520, P=0.471, HRR=0.878)?【结论】 Uteroglobin GG基因型可能和IgA肾病的进展及高血压相关,但和IgA肾病的易感性不相关? | 杜勇 李幼姬 李彩霞 郭辉 Joseph CK Leung Man F Lam 杨念生 黄锋先 方积乾 Patrick H Maxwell 黎嘉能 王一鸣 | 2004 | 中山大学学报(医学科学版)2004，25，3： | 4 |
| 14 | Analysis and predictive models of stormwater runoff volumes, loads, and pollutant concentrations from watersheds in the Twin Cities metropolitan area, Minnesota, USA显示文摘 | Patrick L Brezonik Teresa H Stadelmann | 2002 | Water Research2002，，7： | 3 |
| 15 | Megsin基因C25663G多态性与我国汉族人群IgA肾病的关系显示文摘目的:研究Megsin基因C25663G多态性与我国汉族人群IgA肾病发生、发展的关系。方法:应用PCR-RFLP方法鉴定IgA肾病患者基因型,用以家庭为基础的传递不平衡检验(TDT)、单倍型相对危险度(HRR)分析结合病例-对照研究方法,分析Megsin基因C25663G多态性与我国汉族人群IgA肾病发生的关系。IgA肾病患者按病情是否稳定分为病情进展组和稳定组,比较两组间基因型分布频率差异。结果:TDT显示Megsin基因C25663G等位基因的传递在IgA肾病患者没有显著倾向性(χ2=0.203,P=0.652),HRR分析已传递和未传递等位基因频率无统计学差异(χ2=0.268,P=0.679),IgA肾病患者和正常对照者基因型和等位基因分布频率无统计学差异(P>0.05)。在IgA肾病进展组和稳定组之间,基因型分布频率无统计学差异(χ2=2.400,P=0.153)。结论:Megsin基因C25663G多态性与中国汉族人群IgA肾病的发生及病情进展无关。 | 夏运风 黄霜 李采霞 黄伟俊 薛超 杨念生 黎嘉能 Patrick H Maxwell 王一鸣 李幼姬 | 2006 | 中国中西医结合肾病杂志2006，7，2： | 3 |
| 16 | Adenoma detection with cap-assisted colonoscopy versus regular colonoscopy: a randomised controlled trial显示文摘 | Thomas R de Wijkerslooth Esther M Stoop Patrick M Bossuyt Elisabeth M H Mathus-Vliegen Jan Dees Kristien M A J Tytgat Monique E van Leerdam Paul Fockens Ernst J Kuipers Evelien Dekker | 2012 | Gut2012，，10： | 3 |
| 17 | Immune profiling and cancer post transplantation显示文摘Half of all long-term(> 10 year) australian kidney transplant recipients(KTR) will develop squamous cell carcinoma(SCC) or solid organ cancer(SOC), making cancer the leading cause of death with a functioning graft. At least 30% of KTR with a history of SCC or SOC will develop a subsequent SCC orSOC lesion. Pharmacological immunosuppression is a major contributor of the increased risk of cancer for KTR, with the cancer lesions themselves further adding to systemic immunosuppression and could explain, in part, these phenomena. Immune profiling includes; measuring immunosuppressive drug levels and pharmacokinetics, enumerating leucocytes and leucocyte subsets as well as testing leucocyte function in either an antigen specific or non-specific manner. Outputs can vary from assay to assay according to methods used. In this review we define the rationale behind post-transplant immune monitoring assays and focus on assays that associate and/or have the ability to predict cancer and rejection in the KTR. We find that immune monitoring can identify those KTR of developing multiple SCC lesions and provide evidence they may benefit from pharmacological immunosuppressive drug dose reductions. In these KTR risk of rejection needs to be assessed to determine if reduction of immunosuppression will not harm the graft. | Christopher Martin Hope Patrick Toby H Coates Robert Peter Carroll | 2015 | World Journal of Nephrology2015，4，1： | 3 |
| 18 | Patterns of genomic and phenomic diversity in wine and table grapes显示文摘Grapes are one of the most economically and culturally important crops worldwide,and they have been bred for both winemaking and fresh consumption.Here we evaluate patterns of diversity across 33 phenotypes collected over a 17-year period from 580 table and wine grape accessions that belong to one of the world’s largest grape gene banks,the grape germplasm collection of the United States Department of Agriculture.We find that phenological events throughout the growing season are correlated,and quantify the marked difference in size between table and wine grapes.By pairing publicly available historical phenotype data with genome-wide polymorphism data,we identify large effect loci controlling traits that have been targeted during domestication and breeding,including hermaphroditism,lighter skin pigmentation and muscat aroma.Breeding for larger berries in table grapes was traditionally concentrated in geographic regions where Islam predominates and alcohol was prohibited,whereas wine grapes retained the ancestral smaller size that is more desirable for winemaking in predominantly Christian regions.We uncover a novel locus with a suggestive association with berry size that harbors a signature of positive selection for larger berries.Our results suggest that religious rules concerning alcohol consumption have had a marked impact on patterns of phenomic and genomic diversity in grapes. | ZoëMigicovsky Jason Sawler Kyle M Gardner Mallikarjuna K Aradhya Bernard H Prins Heidi R Schwaninger Carlos D Bustamante Edward S Buckler Gan-Yuan Zhong Patrick J Brown Sean Myles | 2017 | Horticulture Research2017，4，1： | 3 |
| 19 | Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis prevalence in pretransplant patients and its effect on survival and graft loss post-transplant显示文摘AIM To investigate the incidence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(SBP) in pre-transplant patients and its effect on post transplant mortality and graft failure. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patient records from the organ procurement and transplant network data set. Patients were identified by the presence of SBP pre-transplant. Univariate post-transplant survival models were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier technique and multivariate models were constructed using the Cox proportional hazards model. Variables that affected post-transplant graft survival were identified in the SBP population. RESULTS Forty-seven thousand eight hundred and eighty patient records were included in the analysis for both groups, and 1966(4.11%) patients were identified in the data set as having pre-transplant SBP. Patients that had pre-transplant SBP had higher rates of graft loss from recurrent hepatitis C virus(HCV)(3.6% vs 2.0%, P < 0.0001), infections leading to graft loss(1.9% vs 1.3%, P = 0.02), primary non-function(4.3% vs 3.0%, P < 0.0001) and chronic rejection(1.1% vs 0.7%, P = 0.04). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a statistically significant difference in all-cause survival in patients with a history of SBP vs those without(P < 0.0001). Pretransplant history of SBP was independently predictiveof mortality due to recurrent HCV(HR = 1.11, 95%CI: 1.02-1.21, P < 0.017) after liver transplantation.CONCLUSION HCV patients prior to the advent of directing acting anti-viral agents had a higher incidence of pre-transplant SBP than other patients on the liver transplant wait list. SBP history pre-transplant resulted in a higher rate of graft loss due to recurrent HCV infection and chronic rejection. | Neeral L Shah Nicolas M Intagliata Zachary H Henry Curtis K Argo Patrick G Northup | 2016 | World Journal of Hepatology2016，8，36： | 2 |
| 20 | Advanced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis cirrhosis: A high-risk population for pre-liver transplant portal vein thrombosis显示文摘AIM To examine if liver transplant recipients with high-risk non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) are at increased risk for pre-transplant portal venous thrombosis.METHODS Data on all liver transplants in the United States from February 2002 through September 2014 were analyzed. Recipients were sorted into three distinct groups: High-risk(age > 60, body mass index > 30 kg/m2, hypertension and diabetes), low-risk and non-NASH cirrhosis. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed.RESULTS Thirty-five thousand and seventy-two candidates underwent liver transplantation and of those organ recipients, 465 were transplanted for high-risk and 2775 for lowrisk NASH. Two thousand six hundred and twentysix(7.5%) recipients had pre-transplant portal vein thrombosis; 66(14.2%) of the high-risk NASH group had portal vein thrombosis vs 328(11.8%) of the lowrisk NASH group. In general, all NASH recipients were less likely to be male or African American and more likely to be obese. In adjusted multivariable regression analyses, high-risk recipients had the greatest risk ofpre-transplant portal vein thrombosis with OR = 2.11(95%CI: 1.60-2.76, P < 0.001) when referenced to the non-NASH group.CONCLUSION Liver transplant candidates with high-risk NASH are at the greatest risk for portal vein thrombosis development prior to transplantation. These candidates may benefit from interventions to decrease their likelihood of clot formation and resultant downstream hepatic decompensating events. Prospective study is needed. | Jonathan G Stine Curtis K Argo Shawn J Pelletier Daniel G Maluf Stephen H Caldwell Patrick G Northup | 2017 | World Journal of Hepatology2017，9，3： | 2 |
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