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| 1 | Evolving concepts in bone infection: redefining “biofilm”,“acute vs. chronic osteomyelitis”, “the immune proteome” and “local antibiotic therapy”显示文摘Osteomyelitis is a devastating disease caused by microbial infection of bone. While the frequency of infection following elective orthopedic surgery is low, rates of reinfection are disturbingly high. Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for the majority of chronic osteomyelitis cases and is often considered to be incurable due to bacterial persistence deep within bone. Unfortunately, there is no consensus on clinical classifications of osteomyelitis and the ensuing treatment algorithm. Given the high patient morbidity,mortality, and economic burden caused by osteomyelitis, it is important to elucidate mechanisms of bone infection to inform novel strategies for prevention and curative treatment. Recent discoveries in this field have identified three distinct reservoirs of bacterial biofilm including: Staphylococcal abscess communities in the local soft tissue and bone marrow, glycocalyx formation on implant hardware and necrotic tissue, and colonization of the osteocyte-lacuno canalicular network(OLCN) of cortical bone. In contrast, S.aureus intracellular persistence in bone cells has not been substantiated in vivo, which challenges this mode of chronic osteomyelitis. There have also been major advances in our understanding of the immune proteome against S. aureus, from clinical studies of serum antibodies and media enriched for newly synthesized antibodies(MENSA), which may provide new opportunities for osteomyelitis diagnosis, prognosis, and vaccine development. Finally, novel therapies such as antimicrobial implant coatings and antibiotic impregnated 3D-printed scaffolds represent promising strategies for preventing and managing this devastating disease. Here, we review these recent advances and highlight translational opportunities towards a cure. | Elysia A. Masters Ryan P. Trombetta Karen L. de Mesy Bentley Brendan F Boyce Ann Lindley Gill Steven R. Gill Kohei Nishitani Masahiro Ishikawa Yugo Morita Hiromu Ito Sheila N. Bello-Irizarry Mark Ninomiya James D. Brodell Jr. Charles C. Lee Stephanie P. Hao Irvin Oh Chao Xie Hani A. Awad John L. Daiss John R. Owen Stephen L. Kates Edward M. Schwarz Gowrishankar Muthukrishnan | 2019 | Bone Research2019，7，3： | 19 |
| 2 | The AO/ASIF proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA): A new design for the treatment of unstable proximal femoral fractures显示文摘 | Praveen Mereddy Sri Kamath Muthukrishnan Ramakrishnan Hamad Malik Nigel Donnachie | 2008 | Injury2008，，4： | 6 |
| 3 | Benevolent behavior of Kleinia grandiflora leaf extract as a green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in sulfuric acid solution显示文摘The ethanolic extract of Kleinia grandiflora leaves was characterized and tested for its potential anticorrosion properties on mild steel in 1 M H2SO4 medium using mass-loss analysis, potentiodynamic polarization measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The effect of temperature on the corrosion behavior of mild steel was studied in the range of 308 to 328 K. The inhibition efficiency was observed to increase with increasing concentration of the extract. Polarization curves revealed that the Kleinia grandiflora leaf extract is a mixed inhibitor. Impedance diagrams revealed that an increase of Kleinia grandiflora leaf extract concentration increased the charge transfer resistance and decreased the double-layer capacitance. The adsorption process obeys Langmuir's model, with a standard free energy of adsorption(ΔGads) of-18.62 k J/mol. The obtained results indicate that the Kleinia grandiflora leaf extract can serve as an effective inhibitor for the corrosion of mild steel in a sulfuric acid medium. | Muthukrishnan Pitchaipillai Karthik Raj Jeyaprabha Balasubramanian Prakash Periakaruppan | 2014 | International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials2014，21，11： | 2 |
| 4 | Introduction and constitutive expression of rice chitinase gene in bread wheat using biolistic bombardment and the bar gene as a selectable maker显示文摘 | Chen W P Gu X Liang G H Muthukrishnan S Chen P D Liu D J Giu B S | 1998 | Theor Appl Genet1998，97，12： | 2 |
| 5 | Analysis of functions of the chitin deacetylase gene family in Tribolium castaneum显示文摘 | Yasuyuki Arakane Radhika Dixit Khurshida Begum Yoonseong Park Charles A. Specht Hans Merzendorfer Karl J. Kramer Subbaratnam Muthukrishnan Richard W. Beeman | 2009 | Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology2009，，5： | 2 |
| 6 | Domain organization and phylogenetic analysis of proteins from the chitin deacetylase gene family of Tribolium castaneum and three other species of insects显示文摘 | Radhika Dixit Yasuyuki Arakane Charles A. Specht Chad Richard Karl J. Kramer Richard W. Beeman Subbaratnam Muthukrishnan | 2007 | Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology2007，，4： | 2 |
| 7 | Population dynamics of some coccids (Coccoidea:Hemiptera) infesting sandal (Santalum album Linn.) in Bangalore,India显示文摘A study was conducted to investigate the population dynamics of four important coccids viz.,Aonidiella orientalis(Newstead),Ceroplastes actiniformis Green,Cardiococcus bivalvata(Green) and Parasaissetia nigra(Nietner) infesting sandal in Bangalore,India.Meteorological data viz.,monthly mean maximum and minimum temperatures,morning and evening relative humidity and total rainfall were also collected during the experimental period for statistical analysis to ascertain their influence on the population of coccids.The results show that all the four coccids are infesting sandal throughout the year.Maximum temperature exhibited significantly negative correlation with the population dynamics of A.orientalis,while other weather parameters did not show much influence on its incidence.In case of C.bivalvata,minimum temperature and morning relative humidity exhibited significant positive correlation with its population dynamics while other weather parameters had less significant effect on its population dynamics.For C.actiniformis and P.nigra,none of the weather factors seem to have influence on their incidences. | Ramachandran Sundararaj Raja Muthukrishnan | 2011 | Journal of Forestry Research2011，22，2： | 2 |
| 8 | Photocatalytic degradation of environmental perilous gentian violet dye using leucaena-mediated zinc oxide nanoparticle and its anticancer activity显示文摘Phytomediated synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles has become a key research area in nanotech no logy due to its wide applicability in various biomedical fields. The present work explores the biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using Leucaena leucocephala leaf extract. The synthesised ZnO-NPs were characterised by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, seanning electron microscopy (SEM), energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) studies. Biosynthesised ZnONPs are found to have wurtzite hexagonal structure with particles distributed in the range of 50-200 nm as confirmed by TEM studies. The anticancer activity of ZnONPs against MCF-7 (breast cancer) and PC-3 (human prostate cancer) cell lines was evaluated using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. From the assay, biosynthesised ZnO-NPs have better cytotoxic activity on PC-3 cell lines than MCF- 7 cell lines. The in vitro cytotoxicity studies of biosynthesised ZnO-NPs against Dalton lymphoma ascites (DLA) cells reveal better “ntitunior activity of 92% inhibition with concentration of 200μg ·ml^-1 of ZnO-NPs, and as the concentration increases, the anticancer efficiency as well increases, and also, it has excellent photocatalytic activity to degrade crystal violet dye in aqueous solution after irradiation of 90 min. The result suggests that the green synthesis of ZnO-NPs could be easily recovered and reused several times without any significant loss of the catalytic activity. The advantage of this technique lies in its low cost, easily clinibable and non-use of toxic agents. | Krishnaswamy Kanagamani Pitchaipillai Muthukrishnan Karunamoorthy Saravanakumar Karikalan Shankar Ayyasami Kathiresan | 2019 | Rare Metals2019，38，4： | 2 |
| 9 | Transfer of a plant chitinese gene into a nitragen-fixing Azospirillum and study of its expression显示文摘 | JAYARAMAN J MUTHUKRISHNAN S LIANG G H | | Can J Microbiol0，50，： | 1 |
| 10 | Basic fibroblast growth factor is efficiently released from a cytolsolic storage site through plasma membrane disruptions of endothelial cells显示文摘 | Muthukrishnan L Warder E McNeil PL | 1991 | J Cell Physiol1991，148，1： | 1 |
| 11 | One-passwavelet decompositions of data streams显示文摘 | Anna C G Yannis K Muthukrishnan S | 2003 | IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering2003，15，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Laccase 2 is the phenoloxidase gene required for beetle cuticle tanning 显示文摘 | Arakane Y Muthukrishnan S Beeman RW | 2005 | Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A2005，102，11： | 1 |
| 13 | Laccase 2 is the phenoloxidase gene required for beetle cuticle tanning 显示文摘 | Arakane Y Muthukrishnan S Beeman R W | 2005 | Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A2005，102，11： | 1 |
| 14 | Surface roughness parameters optimization in machining A356/SiC/20p metal matrix composites by PCD tool using response surface methodology and desirability function 显示文摘 | K Palanikumar N Muthukrishnan K S Hariprasad | 2008 | Machining Science and Technology2008，12，： | 1 |
| 15 | Linear and hyperbranched glycopolymer-functionalized carbon nanotubes: Synthesis, kinetics, and characterization显示文摘 | Gao C Muthukrishnan S Li W W | 2007 | Macromolecules(SO024-9297)2007，40，6： | 1 |
| 16 | Corrosion protection of steel by polyaniline (PANI) pigmented paint coating 显示文摘 | Sathiyanarayanan S Muthukrishnan S Venkatachari G | 2005 | Progress in Organic Coatings2005，53，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Search and alignment in judgment revision: Implications for brand positioning显示文摘 | Pham M T and Muthukrishnan A V | 2002 | J our nal of Marketing Research2002，39，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Linear and hyperbranched glycopolymer-functionalized carbon nanotubes: Synthesis, kinetics, and characterization 显示文摘 | Gao C Muthukrishnan S Li W W | 2007 | Macromolecules2007，40，6： | 1 |
| 19 | Insect chitinases: molecular biology and potential use as biopesticides显示文摘 | Kramer K J Muthukrishnan S | 1997 | Insect Biochem Mol Biol1997，27，： | 1 |
| 20 | An improved data stream summary: The count rain sketch and its applications 显示文摘 | Cormode G Muthukrishnan S | 2005 | Journal of Algorithms2005，55，1： | 1 |
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